Description of "warm floor"

Today's trends are that replaced traditional space heating with radiators comes a new system that evenly distributes the heat into the room, not otaplivaya in this street. This is done by automated equipment, and flexible plastic pipes are laid in the floor. System "warm floor" (also called "heated floor" or "floor heating") has recently become very popular for both heating homes, cottages and offices, banks, manufacturing space. This heating method is the most functional and aesthetic. If desired, it will allow you to completely abandon the use of other heating devices, while providing adequate heating. Today we'll look at some of the components of the system "warm floor" and touch on the basic principles of its construction. First, the system "warm floor" provides the most suitable for human temperature distribution in the room. Second, despite the lower the room temperature (on average 2-3 ° C) compared with traditional heating systems, we are considering the system creates for the person of the same thermal comfort, which is now used traditional radiators. In addition, the room is no additional cooling surface, which is the floor (especially if it is decorated with tiles, marble or other stone-ceramic coatings). Third, regardless of the heat source, the system "warm floor" uses 20% less energy than conventional systems. Fourth, but not in the past, such a system may use unconventional sources of heat such as solar collectors and heat pumps. Ideal if you have staged the system "warm floor" will be based on multi-layer composite tubes, for both heating and for hot and cold water. The system "warm floor" includes: thermal insulation, edge insulation (the insulation around the perimeter), waterproof insulation, a layer of concrete with the heating circuit; flooring. Thermal insulation layer of thermal insulation and also performs the role of acoustic insulation. It can be done either from polystyrene, covered with foil, or a rigid mineral fiber boards. Layer of thermal insulation must meet the following requirements (Rw - thermal resistance of insulation): overlap of the heated room: Rw = 0,75 m 2K/Vt; joists over the basement is not heated: Rw = 2,0 m 2K/Vt; overlap on the ground: Rw = 2,25 m 2K/Vt. Typically, the device heat and sound insulation using appropriate plates made of polystyrene thickness of 32/30 and 53/50 mm. They are glued plastic foil with a printed grid that is very easy mounting heating circuit with a certain step. In order to eliminate thermal bridges between the plates can not allow the appearance of cracks. However, in the case of slabs from mineral wool is still permitted irregularities of the insulating layer. However, they should not be more than 5 mm. Insulation around the perimeter (edge ??isolation) This layer serves two functions: a function of the thermal separation of sex and side walls and a function of thermal insulation, limiting heat transfer from the floor to the side walls. The thickness of the compressed solid belt edge insulation must be at least 5 mm. Boundary-value insulation made of polyurethane foam with welded on to it with plastic wrap. This film plays both the role of moisture-resistant insulation. Perimeter insulation may consist of only one plate of thermal insulation. It should be noted that the height of perimeter insulation shall be equal to the height of the casting of concrete. Boundary-value insulation performs another important function - it does not allow otsyrevanie insulation. However, this happens only in the case of foam boards with glued foil, and insulation in the form of polyurethane foam glued to the film. Note that in this case an additional waterproof insulation is not required. It should be noted that a layer of moisture-resistant insulation should also be applied under a layer of thermal insulation when it is laid on the ground, which may be exposed to moisture (ie: the floor, placed directly on the ground). Must also remember the following fact. In the application of thermal insulation made of polystyrene can lay it directly on the asphalt layers of insulation, as the allocation of bitumen softened polystyrene. In this case we simply need to use the isolating layer of foil. Heating circuits in terms of how the pipe-laying, there are two main types of heating circuit: circuit meander (series circuits) circuit with double-posting. One of the main conditions of the meander loop is that the start circuit, which has the highest temperature should be near the exterior walls, where required the greatest expenditure of heat. If you want to achieve a more uniform temperature distribution of sex, then you will need to be equipped with a heating circuit with double-posting. It often happens that near the external walls (within the largest cost of heat) to increase the efficiency with underfloor heating reduces the distance between the rows of loop and get the so-called "zone boundary with a high temperature above the floor." However, it is worth remembering that the width of the boundary zone should not exceed one meter. For more convenient control of the room temperature appropriate application of the heating coils serving such boundary zone. It has not turned out that one section of the floor, directly under which the pipe passes, it will be much warmer than that at which the pipe is not between the pipes, it is recommended to keep distance of 0,1-0,3 m The same should be applied and the indentation between the extreme heating pipes and the outer walls. Before pouring concrete, the heating circuit, it must be checked for integrity. Attaching the heating circuit is better and easier just to fix the heating circuit by means used for this purpose items. Firstly, it can be an ordinary mesh of steel wire. Secondly, there are special insulation boards with the appropriate profiled grooves for laying the pipeline (such plates are placed on a floor made of planks on the ceiling). In addition, for fixing the heating circuit can be used strips of iron, mounted directly on a layer of insulation perpendicular to the direction of the pipeline. And the last option - it is U-shaped pins and secured directly to the layer of thermal insulation. If you decide to use a grid, then the pipe is attached thereto by studs made of synthetic material or a soft wire in a synthetic membrane in about one meter. Layer of concrete After heating circuit is laid and secured, it is filled with concrete. It should be noted that the screed is the layer that aligns the temperature and assumes most of the operational load. However, part of the load it still "sends" a layer of thermal acoustic insulation, which is less persistent regard to the thickness of the screed, then over the pipes, it must be at least 45 mm. In this case, the total thickness of the floor, measured from the plane of the insulation should be not less than 65 mm. For example, for pipes with a diameter of 20 mm. Enshrined the use of U-shaped pins, the minimum thickness of concrete cast on their surface (taking into account both conditions) should be 45-55 mm. Couple distributors distributors (on filing and return) must serve one floor. In addition, each of the heating circuits connected to the distributor by disconnecting the valve. Note that the return to the distributor to install the valves with a preliminary adjustment. This is done in order to equalize the resistance of valves the water flow running through the heating circuit. The most convenient way to use the valves, which allow for both manual and automatic temperature control in the room (this is done through a room thermostat and an electric controller). It must be remembered that the valves are usually made of brass incorrodible that ensures their long operation. To remove air from the pipes, they usually are equipped with automatic air valves. Test for leaks and start-Finally - some more tips. Before concreting pipe equipment must be tested for integrity at a pressure of 0.6 MPa for 24 hours. And during the immediate casting of concrete pipes shall remain under pressure 0.3 MPa. And only after complete solidification of the concrete (ie after 20-28 days) will be to make the first launch of the equipment. Before this you need to make a preliminary adjustment: to equalize the resistance of the valves with preset flow of water running through the heating circuit, and set the initial temperature of water supplied. Note that when you first turn the most optimum supply temperature is 25 ° C. Then, if there is such need, the temperature of each day should be increased by 5 ° C until until you get inside the desired temperature.