Dennis Yashugin Modern ceramic tile is quite different from that sold to 5-10 years ago. Types and variants of such products has become so much a potential buyer coming into the store building, just lost. Among all tiled splendor stands enamelled tiles - majolica, or kottoforte, which is the most durable ceramic tile. Majolica in Italian Annealing tile and use it for wall and floor tiles began over 5000 years ago in ancient Egypt and Babylon. Originally trading with Egypt, Moorish Spain borrowed technology for the production of tiles and she began to sell it to other states of Europe, particularly Italy. In the XI century Florentine master of Lucca della Robia and his successors began to cover their products with milk-white opaque glaze, named - majolica. This word comes from the Balearic island of Majorca or Mallorca, where they had been sent the first batch. Glaze contains tin oxide, tint it blue with cobalt in green - copper, a violet - manganese. All products are masters burned twice: before glazing over low heat and then cover them with glaze - on strong. Tuscan potters, having learned the secret of tin glaze, put the production on stream, ushering in the new Europe for the pottery industry: manufacturing of glazed earthenware. Its name - faience - items received after the Italian city of Faenza. But Faenza predominated long. In the middle of the XVI century, put forward new Italian centers for the production of majolica: Urbino, Gubbio, Pesaro. At the end of XVII-XVIII centuries, the first half of majolica production occurs in southern Italy, in the small town of Kingdom of Naples - Castelli.
Thursday, June 30, 2011
On the pavement
All we want to see things around us were comfortable, functional and also have an aesthetic appearance. Especially nice when outdoors also have the opportunity to feel as comfortable as possible. Neat streets clean and tidy, create a good mood, soothe and distract from the issues. Sensation does not leave fairy tales, like you get in the past - under the soles of shoes even, smooth surface, no mud, no puddles, no pits or potholes. Paving stone has been known since ancient times. Originally it was used in its raw form, later became the shape of a cube or parallelepiped. The dictionary gives the following definition: cobbles - road-building material in the form of bars (length 15-30 cm, width 12-15 cm, height 10-15 cm) of solid rock (diabase, basalt, granite, etc.). This material is actively used in Japan, Finland and Canada, which indicates its suitability for the harsh climatic conditions. Cobbles covers there marketplaces, sidewalks, pedestrian streets, and often the roads. This is a simple explanation. In developed countries, people are more kind to their health. It is known that the widely used asphalt in hot weather or severe moisture produces hazardous to the body bitumen fumes. Paving is made from completely inert materials - crushed stone, sand and cement. Pigment composition is used only in the surface layer of the product, so the plasticizer and colorants are added to the solution neutral. Under the natural climatic heating it softens, preserves the mechanical properties and does not emit, unlike asphalt volatile harmful substances, not interfering with the natural gas and water exchange necessary for the surrounding flora that contributes to the preservation of ecology of the city and have a positive impact on peoples' health.
Small-pieces paving
Paving small-pieces in recent years become increasingly popular pavers, colored and curly paving tiles and other architectural and expressive and practical small-pieces paving elements. However, the culture of working with such materials do not always correspond to their functional and aesthetic possibilities. Violations of the technology of laying fragmented elements of paving, the use of materials that do not meet intended coverage often leads to the fact that roads and pavements fail, hump, the individual elements become loose and destroyed. Therefore, when laying the fragmented elements of the paving is important to observe the technology correctly use materials and use special equipment to perform this type of work. Substrate preparation work should begin with the seal of subgrade to a steady state. Particular attention should be paid to the organization of its drainage. If the subgrade is wet, low nesushey ability to use geosynthetics. However, if the soil is sandy, often do not require installation of base layer. Preparation of the bed under the cover paving Crossfall bed must meet cross slope for the cover. The thickness of the underlying layer of 2-5 cm can not exceed the upper limit, or under operational loads can deform the outer coating. The material of the underlying layer is most suitable sand fractions 0-2 or 0-4 mm chippings of size 1-3 or 2-5 mm, and a mixture of crushed sand with crushed stone of size 0-5 mm. The size of large particles should not exceed 8 mm.
Decoration materials: mosaic
If you want to have in the house beautiful and practical finishing material, and the universal ceramic tile seems too traditional, look to the mosaic. Mosaic - a picture made up of small pieces or different materials. The word is Latin for "musium" means "dedicated to the Muses." The first mosaic images that have survived to our days, dates back to antiquity. However, today it is undergoing a rebirth. Increasingly, you can see the mural and paintings in a variety of destination premises: swimming pools, showrooms, lobbies otteley, cafes, shops, vernadite. And, of course, new homes and apartments. To replace the lost ancient secrets come industrial production technologies and installation of mosaic compositions. Firms that specialize in this, today mass. And each offers their own sketches and stories, which are usually hundreds of directories. But if they do not satisfy the tastes of the customer, can be used and drawings proposed by the customer. Of course, the artistic expressiveness of the mosaic panel is achieved not only the complexity of the figure, but also a variety of materials constituting it. Today we Tell about them. Glass mosaic. The most common material for the production of mosaic today - Venetian glass. It is durable, waterproof, heat resistant, cold-resistant and high impact. Moreover, it has a solid structure, and therefore not affected by micro-organisms and bacteria and can be used for interior basins. With regard to the color palette, it's hard to describe, so it colorfulness.
The Stone Flower: New Opportunities granite
In search of strong and durable flooring should not forget about porcelain stoneware - a material that was created as an alternative to the expensive natural stone. It was cheaper and stronger, but - quite boring on the color palette. but the technology is not standing still - soon will be so decorative porcelain, which perhaps will be able to displace usual ceramic tile. Than it is today, he catches the eye the buyer? It must be remembered that the porcelain is baked at a temperature of 1300-1350 degrees. Processes of its formation occurs at a deep molecular level, when substances change their properties. Glazes are used, too, fired at very high temperatures. Hence its high wear resistance, including the decorative layer. In contrast, ceramic tile "baked" in biscuit at low temperatures - 300-350 degrees. It bears soft glaze, which fired at a sufficiently low temperature of 100-150 degrees. Therefore, ceramics, compared with the granite is so weak and easily vulnerable: scratches, cracks, etc. Creating forms granite slab - not necessarily square. For example, there is a method, called water jet cutting. Very few people imagine the possibilities of this technology. Thanks to her, you can not just lay the tile squares, and make her an interesting figure - a sort of application. Thus, in a durable porcelain stoneware can be translated ancient art of Florentine mosaic, in which the panels are constructed from various shaped modules. Before the creation of such modules has been heavy mechanical labor: the stones manually grind the hard alloys.
Wednesday, June 29, 2011
Spetselementy
Getting to the transformation of the world as part of a single apartment or office, do not forget about the details. They will give finality to your creativity. For example, do you know how much any special stuff available for ceramic tile? Dozens! And terribly necessary. What is a plinth plinths, all well known. In our view this is a wooden plank, which closes a gap in the wall, more precisely, the joint between the wall and floor. Figuratively speaking, the plinth - an aesthetic alliance walls and floor. It is clear that sex, lined with ceramic tile, this "alliance" - not wood. Yes, and look ceramic baseboard a little differently than usual. By the way, is now talking about a collection of names of floor tiles that are put in rooms where the walls nekeramicheskie (in lobbies, lounges, restaurants, shops, offices, etc.). About what baseboards need for bathrooms and kitchens - later. Today, virtually all European factories complement their collection of ceramic floor tiles skirting. Therefore, buying tile, immediately ask the seller if there is to it baseboards, so you do not rush the search. Factory plinth has a well defined height that designers expect, based on the size of the tiles. At the upper edge of the plinth is made of a rounded cross-section - the so-called facet. Because of this smooth cut plinth is perceived not so massive. The length of the ceramic skirting usually coincides with the size of the tiles can sometimes be more but never less. For example, the Spanish factory "Vives» (Vives) to the floor tiles size 20x20 cm in size offers a plinth 8h31, 6 cm, which is wider than the tile in half.
Translucent tiles. Novelties of the market
Every time she starts to make repairs, we look forward to something new, fresh and original. It seems that from this moment life changes, mood rises, and in that frame of mind begin to work. But, unfortunately, the expectations are not always justified, and the blame for the error lies with us - too conservative views of most people in the choice of materials for repairs. People are afraid to experiment, discover new horizons, relying on already implemented by someone projects. Fear of making mistakes, wasted time and money is human, but to date there are new elements of decoration, which will be an original complement any interior design you have created, and in some cases even help to correct existing deficiencies. One of them will be discussed. Everyone in one way or another faced with decorative tiles. Today, this tile is widely used and enjoyed considerable success among consumers. However, nobody will be surprised if it put the wall in the kitchen or bathroom floor, even with the most interesting pattern. Fortunately, there are varieties of decorative tiles to create original interiors. For example, a translucent decorative tiles with unexpected fillings: crystal sugar, chick peas, rice, candy, artificial stone. Especially - on the tile for the bathroom. Filling the tile consists of small pebbles of different colors scattered in a chaotic manner. In some places, the distance between the stones is not more than one millimeter, and somewhere - is completely absent. Crystalline substance, which they "filled" creates the impression that this is not a square tile, and just scattered rocks, which at any moment you can shovel and put it on my palm.
Natural slate - fashion for bohemians
Natural slate - perhaps the most fashionable and paradoxical finishing material of today. For the first time in history finishing (not precious) stone has become so obvious symbol of prestige and belonging to the higher strata of society. Bohemian audiences around the world covered the shale fever. Most fashion designers scour the boutiques of finishing materials in search of the rarest types of stones, original colors, unusual textures. Between the best houses in Europe are shale event - celestials proudly posing for magazines in the glamorous backdrop of slate walls and floors of their apartments. What happens? Caprice of fashion? Another quirk of millionaires? In fact, to understand this question is not so simple. On the one hand, it's certainly - fashion. True, its mass can only speak with great reserve. Is there a mod on the car «Bentley» or watch «Cartier»? If the answer is yes, then we can say that on the slate is fashion - fashion for very wealthy people! Because the cost of 1 m slate starts from 80 €. On the other hand, the shale - it is very different in appearance and properties of the stone. Rather, we can speak of a group of decorative stones, united under a common name - Slate. For example, hardness. In oil shale, it ranges from 2 to 6 points on the Mohs scale. This corresponds approximately to the hardness of gypsum (2) and orthoclase (6). The coefficient of water absorption is a big spread - from 0,01 to 3%. Combines are all kinds of slate one - solid laminated (slate), the structure of this material, which creates a unique, expressive texture of the surface, to conquer the world.
Technology of ceramic tiles
There are many ways and techniques to work with ceramic tiles. Getting to repair, as a rule, first select the tile, and then to pick up her plumbing. If the tile color, then its background looks good white sanitary ware. One popular combination of wall tiles - light top, dark bottom. The height of the dark bottom is determined by the height of the shell. Before you start laying the tiles should decide on its size. If the bathroom is small with low ceilings - tile smaller (20h25, 20x30 cm) visually enlarge the space. If the room is narrow and the ceilings are high, it is better to arrange the tiles horizontally, then the room will look wider and the ceilings a little lower. Think about the image placement, determine what the outcome of the last series. Look beautiful borders or "pencils" - thin curbs the size of a pencil. The next stage - counting the required number of tiles. To do this on a piece of the cage draw plan room. Apply a styling design and designate a place installation of all borders and decors to within one piece. According to this plan, it is convenient to calculate the exact number of tiles. Tile need to buy with a margin of 15%. To align the walls use moisture-resistant drywall, plaster or leveling compounds. Before the plaster walls, it is necessary to put "beacons" (performed by the level of the corners of the vertical layers of plaster), and focusing on them plastered all the walls. Before laying the tile walls and floor must be primed. Priming enhances the base, "killing" the dust and provides a better grip with an adhesive composition.
Tuesday, June 28, 2011
Dedicated to the Muses
Alexey Tyurin first mention of the glass industry we can meet in the ancient treatises relating to the years 2600-2750. BC. Initial experiments belong to the masters of ancient Egypt, who quickly learned to not only get a glass a lot, but give it the necessary shape. Production of glass in ancient times was the process very time consuming and labor-intensive. Accordingly, the products, often jewelry, and at that time were expensive and only available to wealthy and high-ranking personalities. The composition of the usual modern glass is virtually identical to ancient ones: about 70% silica, from 15 to 30% alkali, plus small amounts of iron oxide, aluminum and magnesium. It should be noted that in those days could not be qualitatively clean sand, causing the glass took on a cloudy green or blue hues. But after 150 years by adding a peroxide manganese glass was discolored. The merit of successful (and certainly failed) experiments for the decorative glass painting belongs to the Romans. Initially, they were pure shades of blue and turquoise glass by adding a mixture of copper and blue - after adding cobalt, and after a few centuries, color combinations opaque glass back thousands of colors. This stained glass was called - smalt. This name is often put synonymous with mosaics. This is incorrect. By definition - smalt is colored opaque glass in the form of cubes and plates, which is just used to create mosaics. In turn, Mosaic (mosaic or patterned band) may consist of pieces of wood, ceramics, precious and semiprecious stones (jasper, opal), fossilized bone, mother of pearl.
Paving and grounds in the garden
Paths connect the different areas on the site and at the same time separate them from each other. Sites are distinguished by their functional purpose. There are playgrounds for recreation - they are usually located in quiet places and are equipped with garden benches. About these sites put the most decorative items - flower beds, a group of ornamental shrubs, pergolas and trellis, Alpine hills, ponds, etc. Picnic grounds - the site is large enough (depending on the estimated number of guests), which are used for picnics in the open air and equipped with a stationary or portable outdoor furniture. When the device of these areas should take into account the need for partial shade (usually the south side) to create more comfortable conditions during hot sunny weather. They have also drawn the most ornamental garden elements. Sports grounds - grounds for the appointment of highly specialized training in various sports. Shape, size, layout and cover the site depends on its specialization. When placing the playground should take into account the need for its orientation to the north-south for a more comfortable environment for the players. Playgrounds - playground for children to play outdoors. They are located in full sun and are equipped with special equipment (swings, wall bars, sandbox, etc.) When landscaping playgrounds can not use plants with poisonous flowers, fruits or leaves, with spikes and prickles. Household platforms - platforms that are intended for temporary storage of materials and equipment for chores and other activities.
Ceramic blocks, which surpasses even the natural stone
Porcelain tile, artificial stone appeared in the early 80's in Italy. Popularity gres porcellanato (Italian name granite) from consumers related to its properties, which are directly dependent on the composition, manufacturing technology and processing. On the composition of material similar to porcelain, the production technology specialists attribute it to a single fired tiles, and on the final properties and the beauty of it is comparable with natural stone. In the initial mixture of any porcelain includes several varieties of light, the so-called white clay, rich in kaolinite, quartz sand, feldspar, pigments - metal oxides, selenium, cadmium and other elements. All components are of natural origin and did not serve as a source of radiation. Shredded components are pressed under high pressure (45 MPa or 450 atm) in stamps, which can give the surface texture of stone, wood flooring and other materials. Then blanks of different sizes are sent to the firing at 1250 ° -1300 ° C. As it turns homogenous granite tiles, characterized by a uniform color throughout its thickness. Its easy to distinguish from the usual glazed ceramic tile, which has UTEL (body) is either red or white with different color of the surface. If a producer wants to create a thorough imitation of marble, travertine, wood, ceramic tile or a bright decor, without resorting to costly through-staining, tile glazed (smaltiruyut). Figure rolls or sprayed before baking. The result is two types of surfaces: a solid glassy crust that resembles an ordinary tile glaze or matte layer.
Types of road surfaces
The surface of driveways shall have a special coating, which facilitates the movement of vehicles. Pavement shall be sufficiently strong, durable, waterproof, it should ensure adhesion to the road surface, ie be rough. Go to the pavement are presented, in addition, the requirements of industrialization and mechanization of production operations, sanitary requirements of operation and cleaning (dust-free, quiet in traffic, the possibility of mechanized harvesting). In neighborhoods and districts use the following scheme for the construction of road pavement roadway: asphalt, crushed stone and gravel processed binders; teams of cement-concrete slabs. Pavements used two types: asphalt and teams from the cement-concrete slabs. Requirements for the pavements are presented almost the same as for a journey: a sufficient strength, durability, dust-free while walking, economy, mechanization of production and operation, as well as contemporary design. Coverage of residential areas neighborhood can be tough (the cast and sand asphalt, tile) and nonrigid (of gravel aggregate, sand, compacted soil, lawns). When choosing the type of coverage is necessary to consider his appointment, economic viability, the possibility of industry, and the choice of structure - properties of the soil. The most common type of coverage, until recently regarded as asphalt. Recently, however, more progressive and economical views are prefabricated coverings. They are the most industrial, decorative, meet the requirements of landscape design in terms of diversity of sizes, shapes, textures, colors, if necessary, repair them can be disassembled without damage and reused.
Marble in the building
Vitaly Lviv Stone of kings and gods, is a marble. Many ancient monuments, constructed from this particular stone. Hallways of palaces and cathedrals adorned marble. Marble adorns the homes of the rich people, marble baths are considered a sign of wealth. The most popular place for a marble in a modern house, located just in the bathroom. New technologies make it possible to make a shell from a single piece of marble, is a simple way to decorate your bathroom, and you will no doubt call the guests undisguised envy. If your goal is to create a luxurious bath, you will not lose with a choice of marble sinks. Marble tile on the floor, it is no longer a luxury. In order to select the right marble, it is necessary to contact the experts, because marble has different properties and types. Marble is very strong stuff. Old buildings that have survived until our times, often contain marble decorations. Decorative marble, and is now considered trendy and fashionable. Marble veneer floor and walls. In ancient times, were decorated with marble foyers and hallways. Marble, also can perfectly watch in normal rooms. Marble tiles, mosaic flooring can be laid out. Stairs made of marble, are also considered a sign of wealth and aristocracy. The marble columns are more suitable for larger rooms, they give the building a special atmosphere. For centuries, marble has been a top choice of sculptors, as it is soft and durable. Because of these properties, a marble can produce various statues and vases.
Monday, June 27, 2011
Wonderful gift of nature
Nikolai Ovchinnikov We're here already talked a lot about using natural stone for exterior finishing a country house. The secret of this amazing material that, and indoors it looks as expensive, fresh and organically, as well as outside. To see this, you should pay attention to the finishing of old mansions, which are abundant in St. Petersburg. Stone - a symbol of reliability, emphasizing the exquisite taste and wealth of the owner at home. Therefore, without limiting your imagination using a stone facade at work, proceed to the interior decoration of country homes in the same generous gift of nature ... From the fireplace to foot bath But before you go to the interiors of each particular space - from toilets and bathroom to the fireplace room and living room - turn your attention to the fact that the use of natural stone can be practically without any restrictions. From it makes floor coverings throughout the house or in certain areas. Stairs, rails, sills, window sills made of stone and give the house or with the incomparable charm. Stone trim the walls, put out his columns, porticos, arches. And the countertops in the kitchen and in the office, vases, sconces and lamps? In specialized shops can be found beautiful examples of these elements of the interior of the stone, or ordered from the masters (in St. Petersburg, by the way, they joined the guild), exclusive version of the author's sketches of a designer or artist. And in the capable hands of local Danila-master piece of marble or granite transformed into an elegant, original thing, which will decorate a bedroom or living room.
Ceramic tile - what it eat?
Vitaly Lviv Ceramic tiles - one of the most ancient building material, but despite her age, she still goes out of fashion. Advanced materials for walls and floors are not able to dislodge it from our homes, this is largely due to the fact that ceramic tile has simply irreplaceable properties. Firstly, it is a very durable material. If it is properly stowed, the limit of his strength, "concentrated load" of 10-20 times greater than the possibility of cement or concrete and can reach 30 tons / sq. Secondly, high stiffness allows the ceramic tiles do not bend or deform, even at very high loads on the break. And the thicker the tile, the higher the rate. Thirdly, this material has the properties of fire resistance and fire resistance, so the tiles can be used for lining furnaces and fireplaces. She does not burn and protects the wall tiles, and when heated it does not emit toxic substances. In addition, ceramic tile does not conduct electrical current without being destroyed on contact with chemicals, does not change color when exposed to sunlight. This is one of the most hygienic materials, which can not long exist germs. With these criteria and, of course, its decorative tile and enjoyed such great popularity. Needed most tile in the kitchen, hallway and bathroom. Ease of cleaning, hygiene, water resistance make this material an optimal and almost indispensable in these areas. The only downside: tile a good conductor of heat, which means that residents of cool countries are not very comfortable on it without shoes.
Colored stone chips
To finish the walls and the design decisions, there are many interesting decorative materials. One of them - colored stone chips, which we describe in this article. This material is a thick mixture of small stones, combined with adhesive and astringent ingredients. A set of color chips, and each individual mixture consists of several shades of one color. Litter can be applied on virtually any surface: cement, concrete, drywall, plastered surfaces and so on. The composition is well masked wall irregularities, well kept, it is durable and easy to clean. To clean a surface enough to wipe the wall with soap solution or water. Choosing the material you have to remember that the strength and durability are not empty words. After the application of the crumbs on the wall formed a monolithic surface, so if you will soon want to repave, the crumbs will unstick "together with the wall." So that the new coating (for example, wallpaper or paint) is recommended to put on top, carefully pre-aligning the stones putty. Technology Application: Stone chips, as well as other finishing mixture is applied to the prepared surface. The wall should be cleaned and primed (it is important that primer protect walls from moisture and mold - keep this in mind when choosing a primer). For application of crumbs you'll need a spatula. Work with the crumbs should be accurately and on small sections of the wall. A little mixture of sketches on the wall and spreads move downwards. Remove any excess with a spatula.
Sunday, June 26, 2011
Ceramic tiles in the bathroom
Glotov Maxim Ceramic tiles have long stepped outside the bathroom, where it appeared originally. Now trim tile kitchen, hall, bedrooms, classrooms and even children's rooms. But all of this - only on request, but the repairs in the bathroom is still not possible without good old ceramic tiles. Here it is the place. On ceramic tiles market today presents a huge number of collections that differ greatly in shape, size, color, pattern, texture, composition solution, etc. However, by choosing a tile for the home, you need to focus not only on our own aesthetic preferences, but also on requirements that apply to the tile for a particular room. In the case of a bathroom, these special requirements. Omnipresent moisture Choosing tile for the bathroom, remember that there ceramic surface will often contact with chemical agents (detergents, etc.). Therefore, you will need a tile with a low porosity, low water absorption (preferably glazed) and good resistance to acids. But the wear in the bathroom - not the point. According to the destination floor tile is divided into five classes. The first is for facilities that are little used and which do not come in street shoes. Second - for areas with low intensity walk, where walking, say, with sneakers. Tile third class is used for cladding floors in buildings with high intensity walk. Tile fourth grade veneer flooring, exposed to abrasion with moderate to high intensity. Fifth - floors with any traffic (it can even be used in supermarkets).
Time to gather stones
Nikolai Ovchinnikov What material is chosen for the outer lining of the country house? Here's a question that baffles many. All because of finishing materials are now such an abundance of which in their wildest imaginations did not think either Montferrand or Russia, to create architectural masterpieces exclusively from natural stone. Classics knew the secrets of this extremely durable, extraordinarily beautiful material created by the most talented architects - nature. Material to enliven the facades and exterior staircases, even under the eternally gloomy Petrograd sky - look at the buildings, centuries-old standing on the banks of the Neva, and comments will be redundant ... And if you follow the example of their ancestors and decorate your home with natural stone? The answer is obvious: you will not regret it. So, the first important quality of natural stone, we identified - beauty. Indeed, it is difficult to name any other finishing material, which is so harmoniously combining the rigor and efficiency, the monumentality and grace. St. Petersburg and Berlin, Amsterdam and Yerevan - this pearl of world architecture, framed in granite, marble, tuff second, equally important, plus the stone - its strength and durability. Say, a stone finish at home - for centuries, it will last as long as the house itself will stand. Not true! In Amsterdam, discovered the house, which was finishing his senior. It turned out that in the XIX century, the owners had to demolish the old building - to restore it is not possible, a granite porch, outdoor stairs and the basement of the sample of the XVIII century have been so expensive that they rented and moved into a new house.
Veneer artificial stone
Tatiana Gordienko to create a modern design are increasingly attracted to an artificial stone that combines the beauty, strength and durability. It perfectly mimics the texture of the surfaces of stone, brick, wood and ceramics. In this case, the artificial stone is porous (it does not absorb odors, moisture and dyes), and resistant to extremes of temperature, is a good heat insulator, does not allow an electric current. These properties are removed restrictions on decorating electrical panels, furnaces and fireplaces. Artificial stone weighs in 1,5 times better the original, so it is much easier to fix on the wall. Material is available in a variety of billing options and the broadest range of colors. Part of the collection include corner units, parts for the frame window and door openings, etc., which facilitates stacking and extends its use. However, despite the relative simplicity of the artificial stone for a truly excellent result to precisely follow the recommended techniques of surface preparation and installation. Preparation of various types of grounds for laying tile cladding artificial stone mounted on different surfaces: brick and concrete, wood and metal, plasterboard, particleboard, etc. In this basis, regardless of type, must be dry, smooth, firm and not subject to shrinkage or deformation. It should be clear from the traces of loose plaster, grease, oil, efflorescence, paint, etc. If the stem is porous or uneven surface temperatures above 30 degrees Celsius, then the pre-treated with primer or deep penetration of the glue mixture, which will subsequently be installed tile.
Tiling work
Dlyaoblitsovki walls and floors in the living room (kitchen, washrooms, dushevyhkabinah and bathrooms) are using tiles of different materials, which not only meet sanitary requirements, noi improve the appearance of a finished surface, perform zaschitnuyufunktsiyu (protect against the ingress room humidity, sound, low temperatures). Experienced master oblitsovschik help you create izoblitsovochnyh real tile carpet tiles, murals and mosaics. Prior to the tile work in the premises must be zakonchenystroitelnye and assembly, installation, pressure testing and oprobovanietrub water and electrical wiring. The air temperature in pomescheniipod finish should be no lower than 8-10 °. The tiles are fixed to the walls and floors with help of cement, mastic or adhesive. The absence in the press information to osoznannootdat preference one way or another firm, reduces the requirements potrebitelyak quality of the goods to the level of quotidian needs: price, size, color (monochrome, mottled, marble, granite, etc., with a picture), the nature of the surface (glazed, textured, matte, sobemnym, convex or recessed pattern), destination (floor, wall). In fact, tile is subdivided into a number of classes in our sootvetstviis undemanding State Standards and criteria UNI CEN (Evropeyskayakomissiya Standardization). Abroad, there is even a spektrperiodicheskih publications devoted solely to tile: Seramic World Review, Global Seramic Review, Ceramic ForumInternational, Azulejos, Bric World Review. They covered problemytehnologicheskih processes, market innovations, the results of tests carried out by various factories in accordance with the standards CEN.
Saturday, June 25, 2011
The beauty of the site in detail
Vitaly Lviv During the construction of private homes, few paid attention to this important element of external design of the site as paving slabs and fence. However, these indispensable elements of the private house building play a significant role. Reinforced stone path known strength of old. Even the Romans used the stone in the road. Even then, he knew about such properties such as strength, durability and practicality. The first time the stone is not treated, but then it began to grind and give a different shape. This is how the pavement with her such as the construction of fences. Now the use of stone in construction have reduced a requirement, but was transformed into several other kinds and amounts. In this age of high technology and industrial progress of natural stone come up with cheaper and less laborious alternative - a concrete paving stone, called the "Pavement". Sidewalk tiles in two ways: vibropressing and vibrocasting. The first involves the use of harsh mixes with low water content, the second used plastic compositions, and embedded in vibroformy. Both methods allow to obtain excellent results, and the choice of method of production or that kind of tiles depends on the shape of the finished product, the solution composition and preferences of the manufacturer. To date vibrocasting became more widespread in the Russian factories for the production of pavement surfaces. With it, get the tiles of different sizes and shapes. Along with a smooth surface produced products that simulate brick, paving stones, boards, and even wood sawn.
Apparel for the walls of noble houses
Vitaly Lviv Stone - one of the first natural materials used by man for construction. However, the construction technology at the time pushed him to second place. Now it is used mainly for decoration and repair. But not everyone can afford them oblitsevat wall of the house, because it is expensive and time-consuming additional activities to enhance the surface of the walls and preparing the stone. But human ingenuity has no limits. The Russian fans of this material is now an alternative - a technology of manufacturing artificial stone. The name "artificial stone" refers to its origin rather than to the appearance. Distinguish the real from the fake is possible only with very close range, and then specifically asks this purpose - to modern technologies allow us to simulate and shape, and color, and texture of natural materials. Its constituent elements - the cement of the highest marks (Portland), light organic fillers (concrete block) and high-quality natural dyes. Polymer binders are used to enhance the mechanical and strength properties of the material and, to improve other operational and consumer properties. However, choosing the "stone" for finishing, should inquire in advance of his compositions - some ingredients are not safe from the environmental point of view (eg, phenol formaldehyde resin), and other products reduces the resistance to repetitive cycles of freezing and thawing. One must always take a product from proven and responsible manufacturers and their dealers, demand from the seller the appropriate certificates.
Dress up the facade
This is a modern facade tiles, weathering decades of building material made of baked clay. Much thinner than the clinker, it is used where an ordinary face brick or clinker can not be used. Construction of the wall occurs without the participation of facade tiles, it just sticks to the existing wall or brickwork. The ideal solution facade tiles - ideal for the repair of old buildings, private homes or apartment buildings are particularly effective with energy-efficient insulation system. Over 80 years of costly for the reconstruction of plaster facades made of 130% of the cost of new construction. Repair costs (only painting of the facade) was 1,120%. On the contrary, the cost of updating the facades, tiled or brick accounted for 30% to upgrade seams and 2% of the ceramic material. Facade tiles - one of the best solutions for renovations and new buildings. It helps to give the building an individual look, complements any cottage, office building, bank, office, restaurant, hotel. Facade tiles can be used for dressing like a whole house, as well as individual items. In particular, for facing building facades using ceramic blocks. The use of polished granite will give the building a certain charm. Porcelain tiles - is resistant to frost and very durable ceramic tile, single firing is held. Ceramic granite is made exclusively from light varieties of clay, and silica sand with the addition of natural dyes. Firing porcelain occurs at a temperature of about 1300 degrees C, which leads to the formation of the monolith.
Friday, June 24, 2011
Thursday, June 23, 2011
Wednesday, June 22, 2011
GOST 26602.4-99 Blocks window and door. The method of determining the total light transmittance
Standard 26602.4-99 UDC [69 +692.81 +692.82] (083.74) Group ZH39 INTERSTATE STANDARD POWER WINDOWS AND DOORS method of determining the total light transmittance WINDOWS AND DOORS Method of determination of total light transmittance OKC 91.060.50 OKS 5309, 5209, 2209 Effective date 1/1/2000 Preface 1 by the Research Institute for Building Physics, Russian Academy of Architecture and Building Sciences, Inc. Institute of Glass "with the participation of the Federal Center for certification in the building at Gosstroy Russia made Gosstroy Russia 2 ACCEPTED Interstate scientific technical committee on standardization, technical regulation and certification in construction (MNTKS) May 20, 1999 voted for the adoption of the State Name Name of the authority of state administration building of the Republic of Armenia Ministry of Urban Development of the Republic of Armenia Republic of Kazakhstan, Committee for Construction Department of Energy, Industry and Trade of Republic of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic of the State Inspectorate of Architecture and Construction under the Government of the Republic of Moldova Ministry of Territorial Development, Construction and Communal Services of the Republic of Moldova Russian Federation State Committee for Construction Russia Tajikistan Committee for Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Tajikistan Ukraine State Committee for Construction, Architecture and Housing Policy of Ukraine 3 first introduced 4 Enter into effect from 1 January 2000 as a national standard of the Russian Federation State Construction Committee of Russia from decision of November 17, 1999 № 63 1 Scope This standard applies to windows and glazed door blocks of residential, public, industrial and other buildings, and establishes a method determining the total light transmittance of these products.
Tuesday, June 21, 2011
Monday, June 20, 2011
GOST R 51136-98 Glass Laminated safety. General specifications
GOST 51136-98 UDC 666.155:006.354 group and 17 STATE STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION GLASS Laminated General specifications Protective laminate glass. General specifications ACS 81,040 OKP 73 9930 Effective date 01.07.1998 1 to develop AO Research Institute of Technical Glass Research Institute with the participation standard, AO Research Institute of Steel, NIIST Interior Ministry, SIC "Guard" the Interior Ministry, RIC "Pilot", 26 CRI MORPHOLOGICAL 2 Approved and put into effect the decision of Russian State Standard of 11 February 1998 N 18 3 Enter the first time with varying the number 1 (ICS number in December 1998) 1 SCOPE This standard applies to protective laminated glass (hereinafter - the glass) designed to protect life rights, security and reliability of storage and transportation of valuables. The glass is designed for use in vehicles, administrative, public and residential buildings where there is a need to protect human life and property. Standard may be used for certification purposes. 2 Normative references in this standard references to the following standards: GOST 111-90 Sheet glass. GOST 166-89 Calipers. GOST 427-75 Rulers measuring metal. GOST 5533-86 Float glass patterned GOST 5727-88 Safety glass for land transport. General specifications GOST 6507-90 Micrometers. GOST 7481-78 Glass-reinforced sheet GOST 7502-89 Roulette measuring metal. GOST 7721-89
Sunday, June 19, 2011
Saturday, June 18, 2011
Friday, June 17, 2011
Thursday, June 16, 2011
Modern style and elegance of plastic windows
Just a dozen years ago, new windows seemed a gimmick. A status thing. Toy for the rich. Fortunately, those days are long gone. Now, everyone understands that the new windows - is a modern and convenient way to design window. Snow-white plastic looks fresh and elegant, without losing its original whiteness and years and years - high quality plastic windows do not lose their properties for nearly half a century. Enough the extent of pollution clean frame and glass of any non-aggressive detergent and twice a year, lubricate moving parts of machine oil. Only in any case do not use detergents that contain abrasives, acids and solvents. However, it is possible that you do not like white plastic surgery. It's okay - so far all the leading manufacturers offer a choice of about two dozen colors, including a natural wood of different colors. White grout PVC connected to a colorless liquid solution of acrylic together. Such a coating (called extruded), not only does not disappear, it is much more resistant to external influences, like weather or mechanical. It has a soil-repellent properties. Extruded acrylic coating does not fade with time, and new windows continue to please their owners. Caring for plastic windows with acrylic coating does not differ from the care of the usual plastic windows. Not all live in typical homes. In contrast, not so long ago, now many are able to afford their own home. And then everyone, as they say, how can express themselves. Choosing a project of the house completely no reason to look back on stereotypes.
Plastic window. Profile GEALAN
Company GEALAN began producing window profiles in 1968. Since then, the company produces PVC profiles for plastic windows, making them more sophisticated and hi-tech. In parallel, expanded and assortment of profiles. GEALAN now produces the following system of PVC profiles for plastic windows: Profile system GEALAN S 3000. This three-chamber system of PVC-profiles with the outer seal is universal and most widely used in Ukraine. Mounting depth profile of 62 mm, it allows the use of glazing thickness 48 mm. This ensures that the heat and sound insulation. Numerous internal partitions and supporting the bridge create a constructive stiffness profile. The main chamber can be reinforced with galvanized steel profile, which will provide additional strength. PVC profile system GEALAN S 3000 complies with all regulatory requirements. The service life of plastic windows from your profile GEALAN S 3000 more than 50 years. They can be used in all types of buildings, including historical ones. Profile system GEALAN S 7000 IQ. This innovative system profiles for plastic windows. The windows of the profiles GEALAN S 7000 IQ differ reinforced insulation. Five-chamber window profile. Structural depth - 74 mm. A profile of the internal structure is designed so as not to create "cold bridges" within the system. One example - the strength members are separated from the frame struts, rather than adjacent to it directly. This creates additional air space, which increases the thermal protection.
Window seals
Here come the cold. And we are prepared for those surprises that we have prepared the winter? Someone ahead of time to insulate your house, and someone relied on the "maybe". Of course, the best option to buy and put windows, but it is not available to many. Nowadays there are many ways to order to insulate the window. Many of these methods, rather archaic, and relate to the lack of shops and rynkahstroy materials, what can be qualitatively insulate windows. I always wondered: "Does humanity think of other, more progressive ways of sealing up the windows?" And I answered myself - can this be. Replacing the paper once more knowledgeable people in this business, advised me to use the seal. They said that the strip not only will break drafts, but also protects from the city noise and dust. And I thought, why not try? I went to the market and asked around at sellers: what the seals? It turned out that there are conventional foam pads are used to plug the gap. As well as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), rubber seals and polyurethane, which are divided into self-adhesive and want to stick with glue. This raises the question: Which is better - rubber or PVC? In stores sensible answer I was not given. Need to talk with representatives of companies producing these products, I decided. But in Moscow there are not many. I went to the office of Swedish firm Trelleborg, which offer products of the brand Varnamo, as well as to representatives of German company Fomestrip. In the Russian market is being implemented seal Chemlux.
Wednesday, June 15, 2011
Plastic window. Profile KBE
Company KBE was founded in West Berlin in 1980 as a plant for production of plastic products for construction and electrical engineering. KBE Window profile systems are made only at its own refineries, one of which is located in Berlin, and the second - in Voskresensk, and the identity of the quality produced by these plants produce documented. Since 2004, all window profile systems brands KBE produced by compounding Greenline. This environmentally friendly technology without adding to the PVC-profile lead stabilizers. The most popular of the window profile systems brands KBE is by far the KBE system benchmark. It is a universal profile system that can be used in different climates and different types of buildings. Profile system KBE benchmark has the best value for money. Profile KBE benchmark three-chamber, mounting depth 58 mm. Allows the use of glazing thickness 34 mm. Profile KBE benchmark has a system of seals in the two planes, which lies close to the surface and retain their properties for many years. The service life of plastic windows KBE benchmark for over 40 years. The system window profiles KBE model allows new windows of any shape - rectangular, arched, round, trapezoidal. Profile system KBE expert - is five-chamber profile width 70 mm. This design improves the insulating properties of plastic windows. The manufacturer recommends the choice of profile system KBE experts cast glass thickness not less than 36 mm. A maximum allowable width of the glass, which can be mounted on the window profile of the brand - 42 mm.
How to choose a plastic box?
So you are bored with the endless drafts, dust and noise from the street outside. Agreed - need to put plastic windows. Especially because their prices are quite affordable and the selection is such that the eyes diverge. So how do you avoid mistakes when choosing new windows? The first thing to nick down - cheap good does not happen. Quality materials and installation can not cost much cheaper than the flail on the market. So, immediately cut off such proposals, and we continue to understand more. Next ask the manager of the company to demonstrate the quality certificates. Certificate DIN EN ISO 9001 says that the quality of the plastic windows offered by the company is at a stable level. Certificate of Conformity (GOST) means that the product meets the claimed physical and chemical properties. Another good idea to check the resolution of the Ministry of Construction and the Ministry of Health to apply zavyalennogo PVC profile in our climate. In general is to clarify the origin of plastic, from which is made of PVC profile. Product produced in warmer countries - Turkey, for example - may well conform to their standards of quality, but cracked under our sub-zero temperatures. Making sure that the company claims the quality of the case. continue to understand more. Profile, which is made from plastic windows can be imported or produced domestically. Imported, of course, preferable. The best is German. Reinforcing profile (seen in the exhibition cut windows) should be made of galvanized steel not less than 1,5 mm.
Number of double-glazed windows. Important?
Choosing new windows, we are faced with a huge number of options. And managers who sell windows, especially if trying to confuse and roll in terms. Profiles, fittings, double glazing ... Unicameral, bicameral ... Go figure it out without training. Especially with the amount of glass. Does it matter the number of double-glazed windows? Let's find out. Our people are accustomed to call the word "glass" plastic window. In fact, it's not quite true. Actually windows - two (or more) of glass, hermetically connected with each other using remote frame made of aluminum. A hollow, perforated frame is filled with adsorbing powder - the so-called molecular sieve. Between the panes is pumped dry air, inert gas - or vice versa creates a vacuum. This design is not misted provides soundproofing and thermal insulation - is exactly why we appreciate the plastic window. Double-glazed windows are single-and two-chamber. In theory, cells may be more - but in practice even the three-compartment windows are relatively rare. Plastic box with mono-glazing is now considered a basic option. Such windows are well protected from external noise, keeping warm, transmits more light. Plastic box with mono-glazing reduces noise by 25 dB, and almost 20% increase thermal insulation compared to conventional windows. A lower price, compared to the windows with triple-pane windows, makes to think about. Indeed, the number of double-glazed windows can not matter? After all, put the same in Europe plastic box with mono-glazed windows - and nothing to live.
Mosquito nets for plastic windows
Summer. Heat. Well those who have installed air conditioners in apartments. And everyone else round the clock open window. And now, going to bed, we hear over the ear annoying mosquito squeak. However, day is not better - flies. True, they do not bite, but the climb everywhere - including on the dishes, and even worse - for the products. Pleasant enough. And poplar fluff is flying off the street. Creeps into his eyes, circling clouds of sex, lies at the corners. And now the summer is a joy, rather it would be over. Well, insect repellents is - although what joy the whole summer to breathe any chemistry. But what to do with the fluff, dust, and all the others, flying into the apartment from the street? If you live in a house cat, the summer brings another problem - how to protect the animal from falling? After the window so many interesting things. One jump over a bird and ... well, if the floor is not too high, and the vet nearby. All these problems are solved by mosquito nets for plastic windows. Mosquito nets for plastic windows made of small-cell material - a standard cell size of 1 mm. A gray color makes it virtually invisible in any light. Such a grid is not flaking, not change color over time is strong in bending and breaking. Care for it too easy - just the extent of pollution to rub insect screen with a damp cloth. Most often, we have applied the so-called framework mosquito nets for plastic windows. Skeleton of such a network is made of aluminum. After special heat treatment the metal becomes very strong in torsion and bending.
Tuesday, June 14, 2011
Install window slopes: the slope decorate
When you install windows (aluminum, wood), there is a problem with finishing of the slope. Slope - it's an inner or outer portion of the window opening formed by the difference of wall thickness and window frame. Appointment of slopes - to close the joints and fixing window frames to the left by a wall window opening. Consider the basic technology of sealing slopes. Plastic slopes plastic slopes is a new material for filling slopes. Appeared on the Ukrainian market in 2005, now according to experts - is the best material for filling slopes during installation of plastic windows. Installation carried out quickly, along with the installation of windows or the next day, after drying, mounting peny.Plastikovye slopes are made of the same materials as PVC windows and are a continuation of the window and the logical culmination of the opening. Window after processing the opening of PVC slopes acquire a complete and modern look. In addition, the slopes of PVC is an additional heat insulation between the rooms and the outdoors. Besides the fact that the panel itself termoizolyatsionnaya under it is lagging. By the plastic slopes include: plastic slopes in the form of plastic panels, sandwich panels (insulation inside, and on the sides of the plastic panel) and foamed PVC (plate with a uniform pore structure). Price of one MP plastic slopes from 5-6 $ plus the cost of works. Pluses plastic slopes: - Increased insulation, the moisture does not act - plastic slopes do not need to paint, have a glossy surface, easily cleaned and do not gather dust on the surface - easy to install.
Gates
Market automatic gate is large enough, and suggestions about how to install automatic doors on street billboards, the press and the Internet are also more than enough. But how to understand the many types of automatic gates, rolling shutters, to begin the installation, etc. According to the purpose automatic gates can be classified as intended. First, the automatic gates can serve as a course for domestic use. They can be set in country houses, estates, etc. Second, the automatic gates are widely used in industry. Typology automatic gates can be divided into: - automatic garage doors (sectional door) - automatic entrance (sliding gates, swing gates). Often the garage doors are used in areas with aggressive environments: high humidity, the concentration of chemicals, high or low temperature, which can lead to corrosion processes of internal structural gate, and as a consequence of the weakening and failure. All garage door designs covered by a layer of zinc thickness not less than 20 microns, including the torsion spring mechanism, which prevents the effects of aggressive media and prolongs life. Given the specific Russian conditions, all the metal profiles are produced with a minimum thickness of 2 mm, which prevents premature failure of the gate with improper use. Garage doors - are the best choice a person is able to analytically evaluate the benefits of modern designs. Sliding gates are installed inside the yard with limited space and can be rolled back or the right or left.
Shutters
Shutters - a security shutters, collapsing in a roll. The main purpose of rolling shutters - protection of windows and doors of offices, banks, shops, apartments and houses. As a rule, shutters installed outside. Shutters shall consist of: - fabric that is made of slats, or put another way, profiles (horizontal bars, fastened together with hooks) - guides on which the canvas moves up and down - boxes, which the shutters "leave" folding on a roll - the shaft - bearings. Appearance, function and price of roller shutters depend on several factors: the material of which they are made, the size of the parts (in particular, the width of the lamellae), the mass of fabric and the method of control. Try to understand these four components. Material Shutters, more themselves slats that make up the fabric, made from aluminum or steel. Slats (profiles), aluminum and steel, come in different thickness and density, depending on the method of manufacture. Say, take two thin sheets of aluminum (steel) and between paving polyurethane foam, and then it all hold together a special device, resembling the press. By the way, polyurethane foam used as thermal and acoustic insulation. So that the shutters are made in this way shall retain 30 - 40% of the heat in the room. There is another method of manufacturing roller shutters. Profiles made by this technology, called extruded. Their production process like cooking meat. Profile of the desired shape "creeps" from a special machine - extruder, as the meat from the meat grinder.
Laminated glass and reinforced glass
Wired glass - float glass, inside a parallel to the surface of the stacked metal grid of twisted or welded annealed, chrome or nickel plated steel wire with a diameter of 4,5-6 mm, with hexagonal or square cells. Being pressed against the glass, metal mesh is a skeleton holding a small glass fragments when it is damaged, making wired glass not dangerous to use. Reinforced glass manufacture flat or wavy thickness 5,5-6 mm maximum size 1500h2000 mm. It is used in the device lantern, partitions with increased demands for security and fire-resistant glazing, balustrades staircases, balconies. Wavy wired glass use in roofing. Produce it: in the middle of the sheet parallel to the surface in the manufacturing process can hold a metal grid with square or hexagonal cells. As there is a color wired glass, it is made of glass, painted metal oxides. The most common colors - golden yellow, green, purple-pink, blue. Such glass can be cast as a raw surface (reinforced cast glass), the surface is decorated with a pattern that matches the pattern grid (patterned rolled wired glass) and polished (polished wired glass). A grid of welded steel wire, and glass of top quality even with a protective aluminum cover. Side of a square cell is 12,5 or 25 mm. Mesh must be placed across the leaf area at a distance of not less than 1,5 mm from the glass surface. The result is a transparent material possessing increased safety and fire resistance. But the reinforcement does not raise the mechanical strength of glass and even reducing it by about 1,5 times.
Choosing a window sill. Care Tips
Window sill - this item is located at the bottom of the window opening in the horizontal plane. They can be made from different materials, but usually use the same as for the manufacture of the frame. Wooden window sill Window sills made of wood, like all wooden objects, create a room a feeling of warmth and comfort, and are elements of classic design. To increase their life, it is necessary to ensure maximum protection from moisture. For this wood lacquered and stained. Also, do not recommend the installation of window sills in rooms with high humidity levels. For quality wooden window sills used an array of exotic wood - oak, beech, ash, cherry, maple, chestnut, mahogany. There are products made of pine, Siberian larch. During the manufacturing process, wood is subjected to drying, polishing, the surface is treated with mastic from natural plant oils and waxes. Wax layer gives the product waterproof. The most common window sills - pine, oak and beech. Ash is also popular, though more expensive oak by 30%, but this wood is a better shape retention. Depending on tree species, low window sills grow in the following order: pine, beech, oak, ash, chestnut, cherry. Sills from an array of the road. For the sake of cheaper products, some manufacturers produce multilayer products, and glued (width) of the slats. For greater rigidity of the layers are placed so that the fibers of wood placed cross. Bonding is carried out at high temperature and pressure. Then the workpiece is applied protective coating (antiseptic, mastics, varnishes or paints) to protect the material from moisture and ultraviolet radiation.
Monday, June 13, 2011
The functionality of plastic windows
New windows have become an integral part of the modern interior. From a toy for the rich, one of the characters a so-called euro-repair, new windows quickly turned into something popular and affordable. No wonder - because the functionality of plastic windows have no equal. Recall the usual wooden frames that stand in our apartments. They then swell from moisture and are no longer closed. On the contrary, crack, covered with cracks. Periodically, they distort - and then a window at first difficult to open and then can not close. In the gaps between doors and frames for ever the wind howled. In the winter they have to stop and to seal - works for a few hours at least, and even then until the spring to admire the window in the paper. In the spring of this paper have to take pre-otmochite, and then scrub away long from the tree. A couple of years (or even a year), the paint starts to lag behind the tree, take it into one's head bubbles - frames have oshkurivat and paint again. And then for a long time to wash the glass solvent. At least once every six months, the windows have to unscrew and clean ... Yes, we have long been accustomed to this - but is it time to grow out of bad and get used to the good? New windows virtually airtight. Between the window panes and plastic profiles laid rubber seals. Between the frame and sash - too. The space between the frame and the wall is sealed with foam. The gap between the window and sill are filled with silicone sealant. In short, drafts path blocked completely.
Fittings for plastic windows
It would seem - well, think of it, furniture. Handles, hinges ... are themselves and stand. Why is it every company, sells and installs windows, so focuses on buyers of this stuff? And does it make sense to overpay for accessories made in Germany, where you can buy a simpler and cheaper? It turns out that these "little things" to hold the weight of the heaviest box (one fold - about seventy-five pounds), not allowing it to fall into your apartment, or a fly on the heads of passers-by. Hardware - is not only a loop handle. it is also complicated, the exact mechanism of locking, in which more than a hundred parts. By fittings applies mikroprovetrivaniya mechanism, the lifter who holds doors from sagging, scissors, limiting the opening of the plastic window, burglar accessories. That is fitting for plastic windows - all the mechanisms that provide the opening and closing of the plastic window and the snug fit of the valves. So what is required of high-quality furniture? For a start, it should be calculated on the extra weight. European Standard plastic windows - single-chamber windows. In Russia, as a rule put plastic windows with triple-pane windows - for the single-chamber climate is not one. A triple-pane windows and a half times heavier than a twin. Ideal option for him - chrome steel fittings strength. It would be nice to include in the kit furniture lifter and balcony doors to additional loop - they allow you to distribute the load more evenly, preventing buckling.
How to dress up the windows
Vitaly Lions Window bars for the past several centuries are mandatory dress code for windows, cabinets, stained glass windows that are within reach of people. In the window bars wrought combines lightness and transparency, with extraordinary strength and reliability. Surrounding world, through a thin cobweb lace wrought certainly will seem more beautiful than through the bars welded, even the best quality and beautiful lattice. Forged grating your mansion in the countryside, in harmony with the figure gates, fences, balcony railings and landscape elements will create a unique style, characteristic only of your estate. And looking at these works of art your friends, colleagues and neighbors are puzzled by the question: "How can you achieve such lightness, beauty and lightness of heavy metal?". And at the same time, this fine ensemble leaves no doubt that your house - it's your castle. How to choose a lattice on the window bars on the windows of many houses often resemble prisons. For owners of such buildings importantly - reliably protect home from unwanted intrusion through a window. They were unaware that secure the apartment can be not only reliable but also beautiful bars. The easiest way to get useful information from neighbors, friends or acquaintances, recently installed a beautiful and reliable grid in the window. But on the other hand, everyday tips - one, a conversation with an expert - is quite another. Talk to knowledgeable people can be in the company, which has yet to extract from the flow of advertising placed in a special building publications.
New in your windows
In recent years, there is a continuous saturation of the construction market with new technologies. Just visit any specialized exhibition to see the variety of new solutions, introduced today the industry. Is no exception and the market of PVC window constructions. Despite his youth, he was developing rapidly and the appearance of innovation is one of the leaders. Competition in the window market is extremely high. Manufacturers of PVC constructions becomes more and more. To avoid losing already won a place or a break in the production of leaders, companies must constantly develop and introduce new technological solutions. And as they say in Silicon Valley, "to make obsolete their own products." The basis of the window profile is the profile (frame). It is made by extrusion. According to analysts, about 80% of firms, developers extrusion equipment is concentrated in Austria. These include the company and Technoplast. Its experts are constantly working to create new solutions for the manufacture of specialized structures. They, for example, has been introduced already well-known technology of whirlpool baths. Its application to twice reduce the number of cooling water required for extrusion production. In addition, reduced requirements for water treatment. One of the latest developments of the company - a new concept dvuhruchevoy extrusion. Traditional form of this technology allows you to simultaneously produce two identical profiles. However, according to experts PROPLEKS Group (the largest Russian producer of PVC profiles for Austrian technologies), the potential of new equipment - Dual-extruder - much wider.
Sunday, June 12, 2011
Transparent as a tear baby, strong as steel
Nikolai Ovchinnikov few years ago there was a very real "window Revolution": profiles and accessories have become such that their predecessors - frames, latches and hinges to even superficially could not be compared. They - a product of a completely different technological era, as we have tried to tell in the previous issue. It would be naive to believe that at all constructive innovations of the main element of the window glass has remained the same: a fragile, cracked, not completely protect against the cold, solar radiation and the robbers, who decided to enter the country house. Naturally, here too there have been dramatic changes. That is the window glass, which flew up into small pieces, barely got him the ball thrown by a weak child's hand, Discarded and attain the age at the dump with the rest of the entourage of Soviet life. His place was taken as a strong transparent and tinted windows. And its the right choice depends very much on your house. "Silver" Which box is worth a major problem for the country estates of the North-West region of Russia, where not so warm as in the Crimea, and not as rosy as in the Caucasus? That's right - energy conservation. And the biggest heat loss during the cold season are found mainly in the window through which "disappears" nearly half of all heat, ensuring that the individual boiler or boiler room of the village. To seal the windows with paper, lay the frame with cotton ... Leave this tedious task for those who are hopelessly stuck on the side of progress!
Thermal insulation of windows and doors
Pre-ups. Unprepared for the winter, ie, non-insulated windows, provide an opportunity through the various leaks to leave home to 2 / 3 of heat released in a house heating devices. To avoid this, first of all, you need to carefully examine all the bindings and check the condition of putty or glazing beads. If the putty is sometimes departs from the bindings, or glass, it must be removed with a spatula, a knife or sharp chisel. All traces of putty should clean off, and bare proolifit folds with a small brush or sticks wrapped with a cloth. After drying proolifki purchased or prepared putty promazyvayut naked folds. If between the bead and glass have a gap, then they are filled with putty and smooth. Glass immediately purified from traces of putty and rub. You can recommend this method of cleaning them. First, a wet cloth or brush moistened with water glass, and a few minutes wipe with a rag. All adhering dust, grit behind easily, without scratching the glass at the same time. Then prepare a chalk whitewash: 2-3 tablespoons of chalk in a glass of water and cover it with glass on both sides. After drying, wipe them dry with a clean cloth, then a soft paper (eg newsprint). Heavily contaminated glass first washed with warm clean water. If the water does not wash off sticky dirt, then apply a soapy water (1 liter of water was dissolved 50 g of soap) or alkaline composition of the washing or caustic soda, which, for example, completely dissolve oil stains. After cleaning, alkaline solution of glass is well washed with water, cover with chalk whitewash and as soon as it dries, rub.
Sealants in the manufacture of glass
Last 2-3 years have brought a sharp rise in the volume window production in Ukraine. Along with the growth of window production increases and production of glass, from the subject of elite demand windows moved into the category of mundane goods available to a wide range of consumers. However, many subtleties steklopaketnogo production remain in the shadows. We hope that this paper will be useful to both investors and technical manager - in the adoption of plans, and staff in the department of complete sets of window plants, and above all the end user. Well-known glass - is glass with two circuits sealing. In the future we will talk about this design. Each of the circuits perform their specific tasks. In forming the primary circuit is used butyl sealant applied on an aluminum or steel frame in the molten state. Basis of fusible butyl sealant. Temperature of about 110-120 degrees C (for different products from different manufacturers). For the application of butyl sealant used different types of butyl extruders. These machines are widely available on the market - different volumes, performance and price (10000-40000 euros). The main function of the primary circuit - ensuring integrity of the closed mezhstekolnogo space. Possessing excellent ogdeziey to glass, aluminum, steel, and also a good plastic properties under the action of butyl press fills all the micro-defects on the glass and distance by combining the design into a coherent whole. It must be noted that the operation of a sketch of glass is compulsory and one of the main technological operations in the assembly glass.
Windproof, waterproof, easy to open
Vladimir Mikhailov In the last issue we found: high-quality plastic windows on the market is - it confirms a number of authoritative expertise. Where, then, is the number of complaints to the plastic window construction, installed in apartments or individual homes? In many cases the cause is poor quality installation and incorrect operation. Clearly, discontent with what consumers can cause faulty profile or leaky windows. But let's say a homeowner has chosen the "right" products, and windows of the lopsidedness of six months or a year, the glass is not zamutneyut and not cracked, and accessories for many years will run like clockwork. Alas, the choice of a decent manufacturer can not insure against faults and troubles that could negate the advantages of buying windows. Everyone is entitled to professional service, including quality installation of windows. The only pity is that the realization of their rights, many are very irresponsible. Firm-installer often choose at random, a brand of plastic profile do not pay attention, the contract signed without looking. Is it any wonder that so many violations in the installation of plastic windows? It happens that the box is not suitable in size, so as a performer inaccurately measured the doorway. Sometimes the company "forgets" to establish a mosquito net. Sometimes, the firm does not provide the necessary documents, including warranty card. Finally, it simply does not respond to customer complaints. Therefore, you should carefully choose a company to install plastic windows.
Saturday, June 11, 2011
At the bottom of the window
Sill as an element of interior design emphasizes the border between the comfort of the room and the chaos of the outside world. And every boundary requires good design and careful maintenance. Sill is proud sound! Window sill (the sill in the vernacular) - important detail of housing in general and the windowing system in particular. As a child - a platform from which to start comprehension of the world lying outside the home. Later, the place for the home garden and ogorodika, which grows everything from agave to lemons. In general, the window sill like and not vital for us, but it disappear and we lost a lot. As a technical element of the window sill of the system prevents the penetration of cold into the room from outside and vice versa, the heat leakage from the inside. He makes the bend convection currents of warm air rising up, and increases the thickness of the warm air layer near the window and adjacent wall area. The slope sill drains water condensation, if it is formed on the glass. This constructive element greatly facilitates the process of maintenance windows (while washing windows, opening and closing the transoms and vents, hanging curtains, etc.). Finally, on the sill can be installed appliances, pots, trinkets and other pleasant and useful stuff. In general, it is a notable element of the interior of any home, from a small cottage and ending with a mansion. Sill hides the difference between the thickness of the wall and a window box, organize a transition from the interior of the premises to the outside world.
Mihran
Production Technology Mihran ™ - die plate parapet (tops) from molded polymer with sawdust liners (plates window sill a table-top form from polymer of concrete with wood-shaving by the stitches-in) . The use of technology is possible in the manufacture of slabs having the correct geometrical shape. polished surface of the plate is formed inside the technological form during the crystallization process, which limits the number of polished surfaces. The main filler polymer is crushed natural stone. The use of natural marble and granite chips a fraction of the strength and stiffness, limited color variety of products. The technology allows the natural color of marble - a white-gray, gray, granite colors - red-brown, black and green. Tonality surface is achieved in the process of crushing and screening aggregate, the main criterion is chosen faction. Preservation of the natural colors of natural stone does not require the addition of dyes and colored pigments. The use of chipboard is a technical requirement of technology, which is an element of reinforcement. liner gives the product flexibility and eliminates the fragility of the crystallized polymer. Each product is sealed liner layer compound. Mihran ™ Every product individually. molds manufactured according to individual sizes designed product. window-sill plate - an element of window design, the regulatory construction parts, installed in the base window opening inside the room, connecting and hiding the lower mounting joint window block in the window opening.
Protection in a roll - rolling shutters
Dennis Yashugin term "shutters" owes its origin to merge the English word "roll" and Russian "shutters." Shutters is reeled into a roll - here we get transcripts of the term. In another way, they are also called shutters. These shutters can be seen not only in the cities of office centers and apartments, but also out of town, on the facades of suburban homes and cottages. And the popularity of such growing every day, without purpose. Shutters (another name - shutters or protective shutters) are one of the best means of protection of premises against intrusion, prying eyes, wind, noise, dust and light. Shutters look great looks, fit into almost any architecture of the building. Very good agreement with the specifics of the current blinds of trading enterprises. Opening and closing sections are almost a single motion. Unlike conventional shutters, they are more convenient: they can be removed in a special chamber (box). Versatility and ease of rolling shutters attached to it, "clotting". When they are raised (coiled) state, opening the window does not obstructed (as opposed to a situation where use of the lattice). Shutters set traditionally at the windows, doors, various openings, section, shop windows. They have gained much popularity as a garage door. As well as traditional shutters, roller shutters carry a set of different functions: svetoreguliruyuschuyu, protective and decorative. Give us warm! Additional features not found in conventional shutters: heatproof.
Shutters
Shutters - (security shutters), product vintage and modern. Walking through the old towns of Germany, Italy or Cyprus can be found shutters with carved dates on the plates of the late nineteenth century. Then the shutters made of wood or steel. Served as a prototype of their heavy lifting gate locks, which are first made in one piece, rising vertically upward, and then began to hammer out individual plates and wound onto the shaft. The principle of operation of rolling shutters is simple. Plates of steel, wood, plastic or aluminum, are interconnected by a groove in the groove so that they can rotate relative to each other, wound on a round or octagonal shaft, respectively, releasing or closing access to the window or doorway. On each side of the vertical canvas, recruited from the plates, fix the rails on which the blade moves up and down. The second birth of the product has received since the Second World War with the development of modern technology. Profile for a modern roller blinds made either by a roller rolling of steel or aluminum tape, followed by filling with polyurethane, either by extrusion through a die preheated ingot of aluminum alloy (the so-obtained extruded profile ruggedized). Profiles of the roller rolling very light (belt thickness of 0.3 - 0.5 mm), it allows you to use cheaper types of control shutters, in addition, they have excellent sound and heat insulation. Extruded inferior to the insulating properties of foam-filled profiles, but far surpass them in strength characteristics and resistance to cracking.
Landscape in the interior
Galina Malikova centuries folding manor and garden building culture generated architectural forms, the necessary elements of which are glazed towers, lights, attics, balconies, galleries, terraces, winter gardens. And though time has made some changes, the need to drink morning tea on the sunny porch, squinting at the funny glare of river water, or walking in a winter garden, admiring the exotic greens on a background of snow-covered trees, the human remains. It is no exaggeration to say that we with you are very lucky, because modern technology Glazing provide tremendous opportunity to create a living space, it is literally permeated with light and full of volume. Besides, suburban housing, there is one distinct advantage - no need harsh in relation to the existing built environment, more freedom for creativity, for the harmonious fusion of nature and, eventually, to decorate it the same nature, the new architectural objects. Today, when customers had the tools to build stylish homes, architects are moving away from the planar front glazing solutions. Ovals, cubes, ellipses and other "geometry" which allows you to create an unusual space and "play" with natural light, today, is interesting not only architects, but also interior designers. Take for example the so-called "French window", is now widely used in urban and suburban housing construction. In fact, it is rather a door (or even the whole transparent wall), which can be opened as inward and outward, and usually goes into the garden, small courtyard or patio.
Friday, June 10, 2011
The windows in the profile
In recent years, interest in the plastic windows in our country is constantly growing. Today, manufacturers offer a wide selection of window systems. And although their design is based on the same principles, differences still exist. Most features of window systems that control climate in the region for which they are intended, and the design developed for the southern regions, is not suitable for operation in the north. In addition, the specificity is determined by social and housing needs of the consumer (eg, acoustic performance or economy). As you know, translucent design consists of a frame, fittings and glazing. The concept of "window profile" relates to the first element of the system - the frame. It represents a set of core components. For example, distinguish the main profiles (the most important of them - the frame, sash, glazing bead and impost), as well as support (it's connectors, expanders, different decorative profiles, etc.). Structural performance of a system is determined by the interaction and functional characteristics of these elements. Kinds of systems in itself a hollow profile and is divided by partitions into several chambers filled with air. Depending on the number and geometrical characteristics (size, location) is determined by the type of window system - dual-chamber, three-chamber, etc. At present, their number may reach eight. But the most popular three-compartment system. The number of airbags depend insulation and energy-saving properties of window construction.
Quality standards
Stanislav Fried windows have become part of our everyday life, as well as in the practice of house building and repair. It would seem that we all already know about the windows on the basis of PVC profiles, but this knowledge is usually superficial and unsystematic. Particularly in respect of quality standards. Plastic window is a complex structure consisting of the profile (frame), glass and furniture. It is important that all these components are of high quality, because marriage is at least one of them adversely affect the performance of window unit. Therefore, to control the characteristics of a finished product and its components, use the appropriate regulatory documentation. In our country the basic requirements for translucent designs that are regulated by a guest, which serve as a guide for manufacturers of quality window systems. In SNIP specified requirements for the use of ready window designs depending on the type of building, so they are aimed directly at the builder and designer. Conventionally, guests can be divided into three groups. The first describes the requirements for the main windows is: - Profile: GOST 30673-99 "PVC profiles for windows and doors" and GOST 30973-2002 "PVC profiles for windows and doors. The method of determining the resistance to climatic effects and estimation of life "- windows: GOST 24866-99" glazing laminated construction purposes and Standard 111-2001, "Float glass; - fittings: GOST 30777-2001 Devices, swivel, tilt and swing-out for windows and balcony door assemblies "and GOST 538-2001" lock and hardware products.
Window components
Mikhail Skvortsov When choosing windows usually pay attention to the frame and sash, glass and few people are interested. Buyers sometimes do not notice and mechanisms that provide the opening-closing. Meanwhile, glass and hardware - the overriding "ingredients" of window designs. Quality of glass attached considerable importance, not least because that area of ??glazing in suburban homes from year to year increases. In our region, homeowners are fighting for every extra ray of sunshine, and if possible try to do the large windows. A large window - this is primarily a large glass, which must withstand wind pressure and keep out the cold in the house. On the composition of the glass are different. If the base glass - silicon dioxide, and oxides of sodium and calcium, then this soda-lime glass. But if the main component is boron, the borosilicate. "Clear glass" - is the usual colorless glass, and "superchistoe" - with a low content of iron and thus more transparent. Tinted glass is painted in an array with the help of special additives, which reduces light transmittance, and the reflective glass on one side is metallized reflective coating. There are also special fire-resistant glass neutral - almost no effect on the impact of aggressive media, and a number of different modifications. But, of course, the majority has to deal with flat colorless glass. This glass is produced by domestic manufacturers of thickness from 3 to 19 mm. For the manufacture of window glass and insulating glass, usually used glass thickness from 3 to 6 mm, for windows a large area of ??glass thickness up to 10 mm.
Thursday, June 9, 2011
Decor windows - blinds
Elena Novikova Until recently, blinds were perceived as an attribute solely of office interiors. Today, it is easy to imagine how they will look in the bedroom, nursery or kitchen. Replacing or supplementing traditional curtains, blinds serve many practical functions: protect from the sun and serve as a barrier cold air, hide home from prying eyes, and finally decorate the window. Alternative or complement? Appearing on the Russian market not so long ago, blinds already gained considerable popularity. We all remember the first office blinds - white horizontal strips of plastic, driven by ropes in the early 1990's they were Russians in wonder. But even then, many appreciated the excellent practical properties shutters, bought them for living quarters. Today, when a lack of color and design decisions no blinds are becoming one of the most modern and functional options for decorating the windows in the bedrooms, kitchens, nurseries and bathrooms. At the same time they are either completely replacing the traditional textile design, or supplement it to protect the room from direct sunlight. In any case, the production of blinds reached a level at which the wealth of textures, materials, manufacturing and colors, performance and durability allow this type of window decor to take strong positions in the design office and residential interiors. Having a lot of modifications and types, all blinds are mnogostvorchatye curtains, mainly structural element which are strips of material (fabric, plastic, metal, wood), called lamellae.
Personality of your windows
Vitaly Lviv You can choose to design a house, find unique furniture. You can even select an unusual color of the refrigerator. But what to do, for example, with the windows - with this crucial part of the interior? Quite a long time in our country was one option - thick curtains to hide the standard and the monotony of wooden binding. But now we are free to choose from a variety of devices that improve the appearance and windows, and its functionality. Trendy shutters, solid shutters or tint film - is not it reflects the tastes and life priorities of the home owner? In this article we describe precisely on such useful things and tools to help make the windows of your house unique. Caught the light is hardly a man ever be able to catch the light, but now it can impose its aims, forcing the sun illuminate the room exactly as you want. What to do this? Only connected in the plate and the ability to rotate them so that the gap between them is formed of different sizes - this is a great invention called the blinds. Unlike ordinary curtains, they better reduce noise, adjust the heating room, and, naturally, its illumination. Ease of maintenance, resistance to moisture and sunlight make them very practical. Can distinguish the following types of blinds on the mechanism of action: horizontal, vertical and roll. Horizontal blinds are compact and easy to operate, can be located not only in the window opening, but also between the double glazing windows, freeing up space sill. Smooth adjustment of the light flux by turning the horizontal blades around the axis.
Different ways of glazing of loggias and balconies
Vitaly Lviv Originally balconies and loggias thought for people to have easy access to fresh air. But today almost all the balconies and the majority of glazing balconies. Reasons to glaze a loggia or balcony is more than enough: it is the desire to expand the useful area of ??the apartment, and a desire to improve teplosberezheniya, as well as a number of other technical or psychological reasons. Balcony is called an open space, which is adjacent to one side to the outer wall, while the rest closed fence height not less than 1 meter balcony - a platform with three sides surrounded by walls and with only one hand - the fence. The popularity of glazed loggias and balconies has resulted in the capital today glazing of loggias and balconies originally laid in the housing projects. Volume glazing of loggias and balconies are evaluated by specialists in 35 - 40% of the total volume of translucent design. Glazing a balcony or a loggia can be different. The first way. Normal windows - set on the balcony of frames (metal, wood, plastic) with glass embedded in them (normal, tinted, stained glass, etc.). Such glazing slightly mute the noise on the street and 2 - 3 degree increase in temperature "space." As a result, instead of the usual balcony obtained glazed space - verandah. The second method. Evroosteklenie - better and more reliable but more expensive way of upgrading the balcony. The concept of "evroosteklenie" includes: installation of the import window profile, selection and installation of glass (sometimes glass) sealed the premises of the special foam or other sealant (fill the gaps between frames and walls).
Box from different sides
Stanislav Freed Production and installation of window designs - an independent and highly significant segment of the construction market. Proposals in this market are many, from a variety of designs dazzled, and so it makes sense to do the systematization of modern windows so we have "box" country house, while a gaping empty doorways. What put the windows? How not to miscalculate, to find the optimum combination of durability, reliability and price? Definite answer is impossible, but perhaps that can provide food for thought. In recent years, to the countryside (and urban too) Market triumphantly marching His Majesty the PVC. Strides in many respects rightly so, because the window of this material combines the advantages of metal construction and plastic are good in many respects. Plastic is resistant to moisture, low temperatures, it does not tarnish with time, does not require regular painting and caring for them is minimal. Inside Profile of plastic, which imparts the window to be presentable, hid metal frame construction ensures durability. And as a translucent glazing elements are used, usually two-chamber. Findings in these windows you can open a window in the usual way and tossing it to himself. In addition, a number of window designs has a mode mikroprovetrivaniya. Device for mikroprovetrivaniya to compensate one of the drawbacks of such windows. The fact that plastic windows are sealed, and in rooms with zadraennymi "hatches" on the glass appears condensate, and people with lung diseases begin to suffocate.
Armor for windows
Vadim Alexeev Imagine a cabin with no windows. Ugly? Uncomfortable? But safe: no attacker can not, chopped glass, get into your possession. Take another option: a house with barred windows. Again, ugly, uncomfortable again, but once again safe. Now imagine the most common house, not like a fortress or a prison - a handsome, charming, but ... come one you want, take it all in a row ... It turns out that there is no perfection in the world? Perfection is. There is a compromise solution, whereby it is possible not only to protect the property from the encroachments of intruders, but in this case did not affect the appearance of the facade favorite home. So, today we will focus on shutters, or, as they are called, rolling shutters. Shutters - is a mechanical device designed to protect window and door openings (though the door today we will not touch it - it's a topic for another conversation). Externally, they resemble standard blinds, only instead of fabric or other decorative material is durable aluminum. The choice of aluminum as the base material is not accidental. This metal is environmentally friendly, resistant to corrosion, UV rays and weathering. Strength characteristics of aluminum alloys perfectly preserved at low temperatures. Outside the slats cover the structural polymer varnish that provides additional protection against weather surprises and beautiful appearance. System works as follows. When you open the sheet metal goes up, gliding along the side rails, and braided in a special box.
Wednesday, June 8, 2011
What we know about the plastic windows
Windows give the comfort of home, easy work of caring for the windows to provide protection in terms of penetration of the outer housing. Any landlord importance of choice of windows, so a modern approach to this is to ensure not only a practical value, but also match prices to quality. For the plastic window you will not feel street dust and noise. They are easily installed and assembled by professionals. True, the more hardware is used in their manufacture, the higher their value, but at the same time, supplies to make them more comfortable - pivoting, hinged, swing-out, blank (the most expensive option, since it uses the minimum number of fittings). The material used to produce plastic windows - polyvinyl chloride (PVC) - is one of the earliest artificial materials. For the first time it was created by a chemist Regnaldom in 1835. Since 1912, began the search for possibilities of industrial production of PVC, and in 1931, BASF's been released the first tons of this material. In the early 50-ies started first in the U.S., and then in Europe, the march of PVC as a material for window frames. One of the first German patent for window frames of PVC is dated 1952. The first frame of polyvinyl chloride is a metal base, lined with soft or semi-soft PVC. Somewhat later began production profiles of solid polyvinyl chloride, which partially amplified by wooden or metal inserts. In 1959, the first apartments were equipped with windows made of solid, modified for the toughness of PVC.
Thermal insulation of windows: windows with their hands
Before insulation make sure the window frame. In addition to roads and fools, to the eternal Russian woes can be attributed, and winter cold, which, as the well-known satirist, has always come so suddenly in late autumn. At the household level to solve this problem in different ways: buying an extra heater, install windows, clog the gap in the frames with a cloth or wet newspaper, and the top glued strips of paper. In this article we will discuss new ways of insulating windows developed by the Russian branch of Greenpeace in a campaign to conserve energy. With their help you get rid of drafts and significantly reduce heat, and, consequently, the cost of heating. On the one hand, they are much more efficient "grandfather" method, as for insulation use of modern insulating materials. On the other - the proposed technology is characterized by affordability. For example, warming of the windows 1,4 x1, 4 m will cost 300-500 rubles, and the installation of glass the same size - in the 10000-40000 rub. Of course, the second option is more effective, but not everybody can afford. Greenpeace activists for the second year apply the methods developed: for their money warmed schools and other child care centers, achieving a significant increase in temperature in winter (on average by 4-5 degrees Celsius). It's no secret that winter almost half of the heat escapes through windows, so we'll just warm them. To do this we need the following: silicone, sealant, and heat-saving window film.
Repair door and window frames
Vitaly Lviv meticulous inspection of the windows and doors determine the amount of work necessary materials and tools for repair. Often, because of the condensate, are deteriorating or any of the elements of a window or door unit. Not to change once the whole door or window assembly, which is associated with tangible costs, they can be repaired, and they still serve you, keeping the heat in the house. Meticulous inspection of the windows and doors determine the amount of work necessary materials and tools for repair. Because of condensation often rots the lower window elements of the block and the top element doors. Defective hollow box section, replacing it with a detail of pine appropriate size, which is glued or nailed, zashpaklevyvaya the joints. If the defect is of considerable size box, replace the entire element (from corner to corner). In choosing items to recover the necessary slots and install the hinges and other fittings. When defects window or door frame it is removed from the opening and replace the new one. Boxes in masonry walls are nailed to the wooden tube and wedges in the frame walls - the uprights. In the gap between the frame and a wooden plug inserted hack saw blade sawing and nail. This reception free of all nails, then remove the box from opening. Nailed to a stud box is more difficult to remove because of its tightly placed. In the joint between the frame and stand clog the ax blade, forming a gap width of 2 ... 3 mm, which pushes hacksaw blade for sawing the nails.
Heating country house
Traditional stoves for solid fuel is not able to cope with heating, even rather small country house, and connect to the centralized heat supply network (city or township) is generally not possible. Therefore, to ensure a private house warm and cozy all year most viable option is to use an autonomous heating system. There are three major heating schemes: Traditionally, when a heat transfer fluid is heated in a boiler, then, circulating in the system piping and radiator gives off heat for room heating, air heating, when used as a coolant air supply after heating in a heated room for air ducts, direct electric when the heating facilities carried out without coolant - infrared emitters, elektokonvektorami and other devices in which electrical energy is directly converted into heat. Since the last two circuits of heating in our country are still considered exotic (though in Western Europe, Canada and the U.S. quite successfully compete with traditional systems), in this article we pay attention, especially the first scheme, based on the circulation of liquid coolant. Such systems heating and hot water for a private home include heating devices, pipelines, regulatory, and shut off valves vozduhospusknuyu.
Tuesday, June 7, 2011
Heating industrial facilities
Home heating system came from North European school, which today is a leader in the manufacture of boilers, burners and water pumps. This school was an example for our - and not just our - engineers, for which the calculation and design of large boilers were one of themselves interesting and well-paid jobs. The second relates to the tradition of large mills, which were designed and built in Russia in the last century. Most of these industrial complexes, both in Russia and elsewhere in eastern Europe, had a very different approach to energy issues, and often the energy savings and reducing investment costs were of secondary importance. On the other hand, should recognize the need, in special cases, such equipment, given that many of these mills employed thousands and sometimes tens of thousands of workers. Quite another situation was on the other side of the Atlantic, where virtually the entire industry is heated by direct or indirect gas systems without the use of water as the liquid coolant. Such systems come in Europe in the sixties and seventies of last century, and as a result, some markets are now oriented mainly on the gas heaters air. This, above all, Belgium, Italy, England and Holland, from whence, and the largest and most famous companies producing such equipment. In addition, French and German markets have traditionally focused on the boiler system in the past few decades has undergone significant changes, and even now there are new companies from these countries. In any case, the longest history in Europe are Italian and Belgian heaters, which together cover more than 70% of the European market of air heaters.