GOST 23274-84 UDC 728.7:006.354 Group ZH20 INTERSTATE STANDARD BUILDINGS mobile (inventory) ELECTRICAL General specifications Mobile buildings. Electrical devices. General specifications OKP 536,300 Effective date 01.07.1984 MEDIA INFORMATION 1. Developed by the Ministry of electrotechnical industry, Central Research and Design-Experimental Institute organization, mechanization and technical assistance to build (TSNIIOMTP) USSR State Construction, Leningrad zonal research and design institute model and experimental design of residential and public buildings (LenZNIIEP) Gosgrazhdanstroya, Central Research Research and design institute of experimental engineering equipment (TSNIIEP engineering equipment) Gosgrazhdanstroya. INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Electricity Industry 2. Approved and put into effect by Decision of the USSR State Committee for Construction of 22.12.83 № 327 3. INSTEAD GOST 23274-78 4. REFERENCE normative and technical documents Designation NTD, which was referenced paragraph number GOST 2.601-95 GOST 12.2.007.0-75 3.2 1.6.7 1.6.7 12.2.007.1-75 GOST GOST GOST 12.2.007.3 12.2.007.2-75 1.6.7 -75 12.2.007.4-75 1.6.7 1.6.7 GOST GOST GOST 12.2.007.6-75 12.2.007.5-75 1.6.7 1.6.7 1.6.7 GOST GOST 12.2.007.8-75 12.2.007.9-93 1.6.7 GOST GOST 12.2.007.9.8-89 12.2.007.9.1-95 1.6.7 1.6.7 1.6.7 12.2.007.10-87 GOST GOST GOST 12.2.007.12-88 12.2.007.11-75 1.6.7 1.6.7 Standard 12.2.007.13-2000 1.6.7 Standard GOST 3262-75 12.2.007.14-75 1.6.7 1.5.6 1.2.2 GOST 13109-97 GOST 14192-96 GOST 14254-96 4.2 1.1.4 1.2.9 GOST 15150 - 69 1.1.3, 1.2.9, 4.1, GOST 15543-70 GOST 15846-79 1.1.3 4.1 1.1.3 GOST 15963-79 GOST 16556-81 GOST 17412-72 1.6.4 1.1.3 GOST 18690-82 GOST 22853 01.04 -86 Chapeau, 1.3.5, 1.4.9, 5.
Wednesday, August 31, 2011
GOST 50571.16-99 Electrical installations of buildings. Part 6. Test. Routine tests
GOST 50571.16-99 (IEC 60364-6-61-86) UDC 696.6:006.354 Group E08 STATE STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION Electrical installations of buildings Part 6: TEST Chapter 61 Routine tests Electrical installations of buildings. Part 6. Verification. Chapter 61. Initial verification of ACS 27,020, 20,020 OKS 3402 Effective date 1/7/1999 Preface 1 developed by the JSC Company "Wiring" INTRODUCED Standardization Technical Committee TC 337 "Electrical installations of buildings" 2 approved and put into effect by Decision of Russian State Standard of April 28, 1999 № 149 3 This Standard contains the full authentic text of the International Standard IEC 60364-6-61 (1986) "Electrical installations of buildings. Part 6. Test. Chapter 61. Routine tests "with changes IEC № 1 (1993) and number 2 (1997) 4 first introduced Introduction This standard is based on IEC 60364-6-61-86 with additions that take into account specific conditions in Russia and the requirements of national regulatory Documentation (highlighted in the text of the standard in italics). The standard is part of a complex of national standards for electrical installations of buildings GOST 50571, developed on the basis of international standard IEC 60364 "Electrical installations of buildings". Therefore, it is stored in the accepted international standard for numbering sections and paragraphs. The requirements of this standard should be considered when developing and revising standards, rules and regulations for the design, installation, device, testing and commissioning of electrical installations of buildings.
Tuesday, August 30, 2011
Monday, August 29, 2011
GOST 50571.13-96 Electrical installations of buildings. Part 7. Requirements for special installations. Cramped room with a conductive floor, walls and ceiling
GOST 50571.13-96 (IEC 364-7-706-83) UDC 696.6:006.354 Group E08 Electrical installations of buildings Part 7: Requirements for special installations Section 706 crowding the room with a conductive floor, walls and ceiling of Electrical installations of buildings. Part 7. Requirements for special installations or locations. Section 706. Restrictive conducting locations GCS 27020, 29020 OKS 3402 Effective date 1/1/1997 Preface 1. Prepared and submitted to the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 337 "Electrical residential and public buildings." 2. Adopted and put into operation the Decree of the State Standard of Russia July 10, 1996 № 448. 3. This standard is the authentic text of the international standard IEC 364-7-706-83 "Electrical installations of buildings. Part 7. Requirements for special installations. Section 706. Cramped room with a conductive floor, walls and ceiling. 4. First introduced. Introduction This standard is included in Part 7 of the State's standards for electrical installations of buildings developed on the basis of the standards of the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC 364 "Electrical installations of buildings", regulating the requirements for the safe operation of electrical installations of buildings. Numbering sections and paragraphs in standard corresponds to the numbering adopted in IEC 364-7-706 (1983). Requirements of the standard complement, modify or supersede the requirements of GOST 30331.3-95/GOST R 50571.3 and GOST R 50571.8 30331.8-95/GOST, as reflected in the notation of sections and paragraphs of the standard.
Sunday, August 28, 2011
GOST R 52059-2003 Services household. Repair and construction of housing and other buildings. General specifications
GOST 52059-2003 STATE STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION Services Household Services in repair and construction of houses and other buildings General specifications GOSSTANDART RUSSIA Moscow Preface 1 developed and submitted by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 346 "Consumer Services" and FSUE TsNIIByt 2 adopted and put into operation the Decree of the State Standard of Russia May 28, 2003 № 162-v. 3 first introduced CONTENTS 1 Scope. January 2 Normative references. March 2 Definitions. April 2 Classification. March 5 General requirements. June 3 security requirements. May 7 Requirements of environmental protection .. June 8 Rules of acceptance. 6 Appendix A. Bibliography. 7 GOST R 52059-2003 STATE STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION Services Household Services in repair and construction of houses and other buildings General Specifications Services. Services on the repairing and construction of the habitation and other buildings. General specifications Effective date 1/1/2004 1 Scope This standard establishes general technical requirements for repair and construction of houses and other buildings, safety services to the life and health of the consumer, keeping their property and the environment. This standard applies to organizations and individual businessmen (hereinafter - the performers), providing services for the construction of newly built private housing and other buildings (hereinafter - the building services), reconstruction and repair of the exploited housing and other buildings, and operated apartments in residential buildings by individual orders of the population (hereinafter - the repair services).
Saturday, August 27, 2011
Friday, August 26, 2011
Thursday, August 25, 2011
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Sunday, August 21, 2011
GOST R 51871-2002 water treatment devices. General requirements for effectiveness and methods for its determination
GOST 51871-2002 STATE STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION DEVICE Water Treatment General requirements for effectiveness and methods for its determination GOSSTANDART RUSSIA Moscow CONTENTS 1. Scope. 1 2. Normative references. 1 3. Definitions. 4 4. General requirements. 4 5. Methods for determining effectiveness. 5 5.1 Summary of methods. 5 5.2 Measuring, accessories, reagents .. 5 5.3 Sampling. 8 5.4 Preparation for testing .. 8 5.5 Conducting the tests. 8 5.6 Processing of test results. 10 Annex A range of indicators identified in assessing the effectiveness of water treatment devices, and test methods. 11 Appendix B Terms of preparing model solutions. 12 Appendix B Information to be submitted to the technical documentation for water purification device. 16 Appendix D Characteristics of the water used for testing. 18 Annex E Test. 19 Annex E Method of accelerated testing of water treatment devices. 19 Appendix G Bibliography. 20 Preface 1. Prepared by Technical Committee for Standardization TC 343 "Water Quality" (State Unitary Enterprise Russian Research Institute for Standardization, Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene them. AN Sysina; Testing Center Open Joint Stock Company "Research Institute municipal water supply and water purification; Testing Laboratory of the Clean Water at the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Joint-Stock Company "METTEM technology; Testing Laboratory Centre Anti-Plague Station Medical Unit № 164), introduced by the Office of agricultural production, food processing, light industry and chemical industry Gosstandard Russia 2.
Color of your house
Anna Moiseeva One of the most important elements of interior design - colors. Will house a cozy and comfortable, or, conversely, cold and annoying, depends on the choice of colors. Also, the color of the house affects the well-being, mood and even personal life. Psychological effect of color on people had been seen in ancient times. In the ninth century France were first stained glass windows. Made them especially for churches. Darkest and overwhelming temples were considered, in which stained-glass windows were made of dark glass, but light as churches and church, by contrast, raised the spirit of the parishioners. An important role is also played sunlight, wafting through the blue, pink and yellow glass. To create a harmonious and happy life need to learn the basics of color theory. Pairwise mixing three primary colors - red, yellow and blue - you can get three new secondary - orange, green and purple. Again, mixing adjacent colors, we get the wheel primary color with 12 sectors. However, even within a single sector of color can make an infinite variety of shades, adding different ratios of white and black. All the 12 color wheel can be divided into 2 groups: warm (from yellow to red-violet) and cold (from purple to yellow-green). Warm colors are also called approaching, as they painted surfaces seem closer than it actually is. Rooms painted in these colors look warm and hospitable, but smaller in size. Color gamut cold-called removed as the room becomes more spacious in appearance.
As wallpaper glue
For wallpapering, specialized adhesives. Wallpaper paste, along with high adhesive properties, must have a certain level of water resistance, effectively resist the development of mold and mildew (fungicidal properties), not to leave stains on the wallpaper and, finally, easily stirred and avoid sticking komkov.Dlya heavy kinds of wallpaper (glass fiber, textiles, vinyl and non-woven wallpaper) to use adhesives specifically designed for this purpose. Preparation of glue (as instructed) is usually straightforward. To avoid the formation of clots, the water in the tank (bucket) to "roll out" a stick to form a stable cone, in which a thin stream poured out the contents. The liquid in the bucket to continuously stir until completely dissolved the glue. Before wallpapering the entire wall surface primed with glue diluted with clean water by 20-30%. In most cases, adhesive is applied to the back of wallpaper, but some of the wallpaper (for example, non-woven) provide the adhesive directly onto the wall, which must be indicated in the instructions for use. Before starting work on the wall (with a plumb) fend off a vertical line that serves as a guide when applied first flag. Modern wallpaper just butt glued, so the sequence of mounting paintings (from window to door or door to the window) has no value. Wallpapers are cut into pieces with a certain allowance (50-70 mm) in length. During this operation must take into account rapport (repetition frequency) pattern, the presence of which requires careful selection of adjacent panels at a height to match the picture.
Saturday, August 20, 2011
Vinyl siding
Vinyl Siding - the undisputed leader among the materials for the facades. In many respects, this popularity is due to the extraordinary functionality, simplicity and beauty of the result. Finish siding simple, convenient and affordable for any family. Appeared vinyl siding in the late sixties - early seventies of the twentieth century. From that moment comes the countdown stories vinyl siding - now one of the most popular building materials, not only in the Americas, but also in our country too. Vinyl saydingpredstavlyaet are molded from polyvinyl chloride (vinyl chloride) panel thickness of about one millimeter, imitating the plank sheathing lapped. The texture of the surface often mimics a tree. The dye is introduced into the mass of material before molding. Form panel is a little different from different manufacturers and different batches of the same manufacturer. The length of the panels usually around 300 - 400 cm, width from 20 to 25 cm with one side panel has a few openings for flashing with nails and a ledge of the castle of securing the panels to each other. On the other side of the panel is bent inwards, and this bend is the response part of the castle. The panels are mounted overlapping, interlocking the upper part is engaged with the tab on the bottom. Then the panel is fastened to the ground with nails or screws. Compared with other materials, vinyl siding, also known as vinyl lining. He is impervious to rain, salt, termites and other insects. Vinyl siding will not rust, fade, scratch or bubble.
Decorative possibilities of ceramic tile
Ceramic tile is now a full-fledged interior decoration. Therefore, turning to her, you should know not only about its performance, but also the decorative possibilities. Since the wall inside the premises are subject to little mechanical stress, for wall tiles is the most important aesthetic element. Today we tell about the traditional decorative elements found in the collections of wall tiles. Usually they include background (basic) tiles and decorative elements (inserts, panels, borders). A simple insert a decorative element in the collections of ceramic wall tiles - a single insertion. This is one tile pattern or a pattern that differs from the background that animates one-color surface and creates a color spot on the wall. Most often, single inserts used in bathrooms and kitchen, "an apron" (the so-called surface of the wall between the pedestals and shelves mounted kitchen units). Typically, inserts for "apron" directly relevant facilities: usually they represent the fruits, vegetables, flowers, pastoral scenes, etc. Format kitchen inserts often small - 10x10 cm or 20x20 cm inserts bathrooms have no restrictions on the format, but their themes are more varied: different patterns, ancient stories, pictures, fish, ships and other maritime attributes. In addition, there are special inserts for children's bathrooms - with a cartoon character or funny little animals. Insert is placed on the surface of the wall at regular intervals or, conversely, chaotic.
Ground siding
Ground siding - is strong and durable panel Skirting panels are much thicker and denser than traditional vinyl siding, its thickness is greater than 3 mm in their structure they mimic natural surface finishing materials: natural stones, bricks or shingles. As well as traditional vinyl siding, they require practically no effort to care - well cleaned with a garden hose and detergents. In this ground siding more inert to the effects of abrasive than conventional siding materials. Ground siding will provide your home prestigious and well-groomed appearance, without requiring any effort to repair or maintenance. Often, the basement is the most vulnerable piece of home. Devastating it is influenced by such factors as: the melt water, the temperature difference between the external environment and internal deformation in the off-season. Under the influence of these factors, the traditional finishing materials require periodic maintenance and updates (plastering, painting, sealing cracks, etc.). Using the basement of siding to avoid some complications. Benefits basement siding compared with other materials. Plinth panel siding made from the most advanced polymers and have a longer life than many natural materials. Siding does not require special care. Effectively protect the basement of the building from the aggressive environment. Installation of siding is simple and not difficult, it can hold its own. Strong and durable panel, basement siding, imitation of traditional materials, will ensure your home prestigious and well-groomed appearance.
Friday, August 19, 2011
Siding. Advantages and characteristics of the siding
Siding - an environmentally friendly building material, intended for exterior residential, industrial, farm buildings and trade enterprises. He has a long lifetime (50 years), resistant to high humidity, temperature changes from +50 ° to -50 ° C, exposed to sunlight. reveted siding can be wooden, brick, concrete buildings, as well as pre-fabricated construction and roofing of metal. It is simple to install and when properly installed does not require repair during the entire lifetime. All this makes the siding indispensable material for finishing new buildings and repairs. Siding is a good material for the finishing of new and restoring old cottages and country houses. He widely used for cladding facades and insulation of buildings (the system ventilated front), as well as to protect the walls from outside influences. The gap between the siding and the wall can be invested mineral wool or other insulating material, so that the wall construction is insulated. This is very relevant for our harsh winters, wet spring and autumn periods. Also has a beautiful view from the roof lined with metal siding. Metal on a wave similar to the siding. When installing siding around doors and protruding corners of the house to ensure completion of the design used accessories specified designs. Profile Form allows you to hitch a mountable regular element of the previous, while providing water-resistant unit. Thus, the nails or screws that secure the siding (as metal) are inside the wall structure and are not affected by water.
How to whitewash the ceiling
Whitewashing - this is the easiest and cheapest way to repair the ceiling. To dye most often used whitewash, which may be made from slaked lime or chalk. Begin the process of dyeing is necessary with the most important and time-consuming step - preparing the painted surface. It should be: Rinse with warm water (or remove the dry method using a scraper), the old paint or whitewash, plaster to make amends and to cement the cracks in it. Before you seal the cracks, to cut and extend the special spatula (triangular) or scraper and a hammer to fight off flaking plaster. Cracks and fissures should be moistened and then filled with the same solution, which is made of plaster. Damage to lime plaster rubbing with lime mortar, consisting of one part of lime slurry, the two parts of fine, carefully sifted sand and water. The lime is diluted with water until the consistency of sour cream, then add sand and water until the dough. If the preparation of the solution used slaked lime, then first it should be mixed with sand and then add water. For lime-gypsum plasters use a solution consisting of one part of gypsum, one part lime and three parts sifted sand. Initially, mix the dry components and then adding water, the mass was adjusted to a consistency of thick cream. Solution should be used immediately because it hardens in a few minutes after cooking. Gypsum solution consists of one part of gypsum and two parts fine sifted sand. Cracks are sealed filler with a spatula, holding it across the first crack, then along.
Select the wallpaper in the living room
Before you buy wallpaper in the living room, you need to be clear about the features of the interior. Furniture that will stand in the living room, the presence or absence of decorating the walls - paintings, decorative panels, photographs - all this affects the choice of wallpaper. If you're going to lavishly decorate the wall, the best fit plain wallpaper. And if you intend to do a minimum of furniture and decorations are likely to better suit the flashy, bright picture for wallpaper or wallpaper. Perhaps the use of a combined finishing room. Say, one of the end walls of wallpaper paste with a certain pattern, while others cover the self-colored. It is clear that the colors of wallpaper with a pattern must be matched with the colors plain wallpaper. Classic interior room will be well matched with the wallpaper in pastel tones with antique monograms or embossed. In contrast, the avant-garde style is beautifully shaded by bright wallpaper. Modern will also look different combinations of random patches of color on the walls. It should be remembered that the paper wallpaper will require a perfectly flat surface of the walls. If your living room walls are covered corners, dents or bulges, their paper-based wallpaper paste would be unwise. In addition, the paper wallpaper in a few years and living vytsvetut lose conviviality. If you want to give the room a festive look and mood you are wonderfully suited liquid wall with thin gold threads woven into the structure. Do not forget about these kinds of wallpaper as textiles, and in particular we are interested in screen printing.
Select the wallpaper in the kitchen
Choosing the wallpaper in the kitchen, you need to pay attention to basic characteristics determining the quality of the material. First of all it - moisture, ie, the ability to wash wallpaper with water. Wallpaper in the kitchen need to be more moisture resistant than the materials for other buildings. Another important parameter - the density, according to him wallpapers are light and compact as well - light fastness. Backgrounds should not fade in the sun, otherwise it will be impossible rearrangement of furniture in the kitchen. Another option - water vapor permeability, allowing the coating surface dry out in a short period of time and affects the microclimate in the area. Excellent solution for the kitchen will be vinyl wall - the most durable. Other types of wallpaper, ranging from paper and fabric finishing and even metal foil - much less wear-resistant. Such coatings are not suitable for the kitchen. In addition, such wallpapers will require greater care in securing as easily crumple and tear. On the other hand, heavy wallpaper does not need walls and fillings can easily help to hide defects in the walls, for example, irregularities reefa. True, the land, where he earned a cement wall in the processing should necessarily zashpatlevat in any case, otherwise the dirt can eventually tread on the wallpaper. A good option for the kitchen will be embossed vinyl wallpaper that may require a starch paste. This kind of wallpaper is glued as well as a simple "blame." Pasting wallpaper, you can gently flatten them with a felt cushion, making sure the pattern is not cracked the case of strong absorption.
Thursday, August 18, 2011
Sheet of glass
Glass-sheet - a sheet finishing material, which is a substitute products of drywall. The main components of this material are: magnesium oxide (MgO), magnesium chloride (MgCl2, part of the bischofite), perlite (SiO2, volcanic glass, this material is used as sound insulation material), chips (sawdust) water, fiberglass, polypropylene fabric. Among the basic properties of magnesium observed flexibility, strength, fire resistance and moisture resistance. Furthermore, it is environmentally friendly, as it contains no hazardous substances and asbestos, do not allocate toxic substances, even when heated. According to experts, the material really has all the characteristics declared in promotional articles, but has several disadvantages. Firstly, it is more fragile than gypsum fiber board (gypsum plate). Moreover, Chinese people produce lists of varying quality. The main feature here is the density of the sheet, or the content of magnesite (density is easily calculated by dividing the mass of the glass-magnesite sheet to its volume). currently on the market are two types of glass-magnesium sheet: 1 Class (analog, and GCRs GVLv) - density of 0.7 g/cm3 and below to 0.95 g / cm3; "Premium" - a density of 0.95 g/cm3. The lower the density of the material, the more loose, more absorbs moisture, breaks easily as when transported in pallets, and when carrying by hand. It is difficult to mount. Moreover, there are cases when the sheeting under its own weight is forced through the head screws and fell from the ceiling.
The facades of the new generation
Invention of ventilated facades became a natural result of the development of construction technologies, as nowadays is becoming increasingly important application of energy-efficient, durable structures that allow year-round to building work. Ventilated facades are used for construction and reconstruction of almost all types of buildings. Their use is important in areas with difficult climatic conditions, temperature extremes, high humidity - where traditional facade materials are short-lived. Ventilated facade is a multilayer system, located on the outside of the carrier or self-supporting wall of the building and consisting of a vapor-permeable layer of insulation, podoblitsovochnoy structure attached thereto facing material and air gap. The principle of the device of any design ventfasada is that the layers of different materials to the air gap arranged with decreasing thermal conductivity and increase the vapor permeability coefficient. Therefore, it is optimal in the following location (on the inner surface to outer): enclosing structure (wall), insulation, air layer, a protective screen. Podoblitsovochnaya design is a set of profiles (galvanized or stainless steel or more expensive and durable aluminum) of different configurations, supporting brackets and fasteners. Brackets are attached directly to the wall (the carrier or self-supporting), they are set bearing the profiles to which using special elements of fasteners (screws, rivets, klyammerov) are attached plate (sheet) tiles.
Classification and characteristics of the wallpaper
Desktop - roll material is paper-based (but in some cases without), which is attached to wall surfaces with adhesive. Given the basis on which applied decorative coating, these roll materials can be divided into several groups. Classification Wallpaper: By type of surface: smooth, wallpaper, wallpaper with embossed pattern - affixed to the surface during the manufacturing process; wallpaper with the squeezed out small figures, patterned wallpaper with a deep-layered. By vodostoykocti: wallpaper ordinary - such ekzemplyarchiki not withstand exposure to water, they require only a dry rub (rub some of contaminated sites with a cloth or vacuum processing, but without contact brushes with the wallpaper) Wallpaper waterproof - these, on the contrary, kept rubbing the less contaminated areas with a damp sponge or soft cloth without the use of detergents; washable wallpaper - maintain clean water and detergents; wallpaper highly resistant (vinyl, acrylic) - these all clear to withstand all of the above and even more so. In density: wallpaper lungs heavy wallpaper - (at a density of less than 110 g / m appear significant difficulties with the label bands in the presence of irregularities on the ground; denser wallpaper have a positive effect on the microclimate in the premises). Depending on the pattern: smooth-color wallpaper, patterned wallpaper - (non-recurring pattern, requiring the fitting of the neighboring bands in the label). On average, wallpaper our live 4-5 years. But it is only when the conditions under which norms they are obliged to observe: first, the rate of lightfastness, which must be at least 6 nodes vosmigradusnoy blue scale.
Wallpaper for painting. Wallpaper, paper, based on non-woven, glass, clean interlining
Desktop for painting can be of three types: - non-woven (non-woven based) - paper - glass fiber non-woven wallpapers based - dual layer, but the layer of polyvinyl they have applied to the non-woven base (through a stencil with a pattern) - Non-woven fabric made of bleached cellulose and synthetic fibers. The reverse side wallpaper (wrong side) remains smooth. If you buy wallpaper for painting non-woven base - a remarkable thing in all respects, because gluing them even easier than paper. They are not deformed, not compressed, not vzbuhayut. Moreover, the adhesive plaster is not cloth, but only a wall. Therefore, the glue will need fewer, and work will be fun. These wallpapers can be either white, designed for painting the water-dispersion paint and have painted in different colors. Wallpapers can change color to 10-15 times. Web width of wallpaper can be 0.53 and 1.06 m at a length of 10.05 and 25.0 m, respectively. Desktop-based non-woven perfectly suited for interior walls and ceilings of residential and public buildings. So, it is him () sprayed foam vinyl. It is because of the strength experts especially recommend gluing them in new homes. Extremely stable and durable non-woven sheet to break constrains the cracks and creates a smooth, surprisingly homogeneous base with good bearing capacity. Such rekumenduetsya wallpaper paste in new homes. The walls in the new house, as you know, "shrink", and quite long, a few years. In severe cases, even the bumps and cracks appear.
Choose the wallpaper to the nursery
Children's room - the core of the world's children. It is for the kid - and a bedroom and playroom, and classroom. Therefore, the wallpaper in the nursery should be chosen carefully and lovingly. Most people believe that the wallpaper in the nursery may be the only paper. But every year among the Russians are more fans of vinyl options, as clearly evidenced by the increasing demand for these wallpapers. A clear list of permitted chemicals used in the manufacture of vinyl wallcoverings is the guarantee of their environmental performance. In terms of longevity of any wallpaper in the nursery - no luck. Child is difficult to do without the creative aspirations in relation to the wallpaper. The young Leonardo da Vinci create using markers, crayons, paints, pens and even a pair of scissors. Ukraine has always respected the wallpaper as a material for walls. Recently, the demand for children's wallpaper is increasing, giving rise to an increase in the number of proposals. Many people can now afford to make a children's corner in the apartment or separate room entirely by children. And low prices for domestic products allow you to listen to a child psychologist, I advise you to update the wallpaper in the nursery often to design a room in line with the natural development of your baby. Desktop is unique with decorative features. They can be used to create an environment that allows children to feel comfortable and cozy. It is important to be able to combine graphics and colors.
Wednesday, August 17, 2011
Steklooboi: questions and answers
What is the glass wall? Fiberglass wallpaper (or glass fiber) - a decorative wall covering, the structure of such a fiberglass cloth. The starting material is a special glass, from which at a temperature of 1200 C stretch fibers are formed by yarns of different types and thicknesses, and then woven material. For the glass fiber weave textured paintings - several variants Decor application to linen and kipernom weaving, and to paint fiberglass (gossamer) - just a cloth. Of what makes it special glass? At the core - silica sand, soda, lime and dolomite, which distinguishes glass from other materials, as well as natural materials, guaranteeing the absence of harmful chemical elements and high durability. What is different from other glass fiber materials for wall coverings? 1) natural minerals used to manufacture glass, ensure environmental cleanliness of wall coverings and the absence of a nutrient medium for microorganisms or parasites. Glass wall and canvas - the same environmentally friendly materials, like glass in your windows, and under these wallpapers will never appear fungus or mold. 2) the use of natural minerals leads to increased strength - glass fiber is not broken, do not scratch, they are not afraid of the impact of concentrated chemical disinfectants. Therefore, they can be washed, as they do not accumulate static electricity, and does not attract dust. 3) fiberglass wallpaper - is material related, such as a wool sweater. And its open eyelet structure facilitates the movement of water vapor, which improves the climate in the room. 4) And finally, they do not burn, which is an important requirement for fire safety premises.
Sticking wallpaper - paper, vinyl, textiles, mats, made from natural materials
Paper wallpaper glue By virtue of its cheapness, paper wallpapers allow you to quickly change the look of the interior. Paper wallpaper used in areas with low pollution and humidity: bedroom, nursery, classrooms, gostinyh.Ne recommend gluing paper oboiv hallways, kitchens, bathrooms, since they are not washed and not resistant to mechanical stress. Paper Backgrounds come in two types: simplex and duplex. - Simplex with one layer of paper. - Duplex consisting of two spresovannyh between a paper layer. Preemuschestvo duplex wallpaper is that they are almost neuzvimyk stretch when wetted wallpaper glue, when vysyhaniine reduced in size. Paper wallpaper can be both smooth and uneven surface. Paper wallpaper used mainly in residential areas with low pollution and humidity: bedroom, children's rooms, living rooms, lounges. Paper wallpaper can not be washed, but some of them admit a wet cleaning. Paper wallpaper, along with textiles, are considered the most environmentally friendly, since subtle wallpaper fabric allows walls to the maximum "breathing". Advantages: Do not burn paper, non-yellowing, can be wiped clean with a damp sponge. Disadvantages: The service life of paper wallcoverings less than vinyl. Method of gluing: you can use any glue for paper wallpaper vinyl wallpaper vinyl wallpaper is a paper base with vinyl-coated with different densities, a two-layer wall covering consisting of a layer of polyvinyl and paper base. Layer of polyvinyl may be smooth (silkscreen), embossed or foam.
Defects in upholstery work
There are gaps between the banners. This means that when pasting butt ill add on the edge of the wallpaper. Before pasting wallpaper should check for shrinkage and only then decide: cut edges of dry or wetted wallpaper. It is best to trim the edges after Wallcovering with a sharp knife to fugovannoy lineup. Ragged edges on wallpaper arise from careless trimming, use a blunt instrument, careless storage of prepared for sticker wallpaper, rolled into a roll. Correction is possible through the plywood. Cloth wallpapers are crooked. This may be because the label is first webs made "by eye", without skips a vertical line with plumb. Fix possible only by plywood. Full or partial peeling wallpaper on top of walls. Probably wallpaper pasted on surfaces previously painted limestone or glue paints that were not schischeny. It is also possible that the surfaces were not taped, or apply a liquid paste, or were badly missed wallpaper, or while working in the room was hot. Correct the defect as follows. Desktop untuck and purified from the sticky paint (whitewash). Removed from the walls of Nabeul, not to leave a trace. Well-glued surface of a thick paste and smear them as wallpaper, giving them a good opportunity to soften. They were then glued and carefully smooth, but always through the paper, so as not smeared paint. Desktop behind a door trims and baseboards. In these places were badly glued surface, as wallpaper or have been plastered with a liquid adhesive composition, or after buttering long cemented.
Adhesives: types and applications
To date, the problem of choosing the adhesive, we can assume is completely solved. Any company selling wallpaper, you will be offered the glue that best suits the selected wallpaper. For a good treatment of the deciding factors are properly selected adhesive and the necessary proportions of the solution. If the wallpaper heavy and absorbs moisture, the glue must be thick. Note that it is better to leave a thick glue and apply a thin layer, rather than vice versa. The following are characteristics of several adhesives that you can successfully use it. Wallpaper paste "RARA" "Extra" Clay on the basis of high-quality cellulose (Germany) for fixing all types of wallpaper on the walls with a poor finish. Consumption: pack enough for gluing 06.08 Standard roll light wallpaper, 4-6 rolls of vinyl and coarse-fibered, 3-4 rolls of heavy and embossed wallpaper. Package: 400-gram cardboard box. Storage: Keep in a dry place, the term is not limited. Wallpaper paste "RARA" Special "Clay on the basis of high-quality cellulose and synthetic resin (Germany) for fixing the lungs, vinyl, coarse-fibered, hard and embossed wallpaper. Consumption: pack enough for gluing 06.08 Standard roll light wallpaper, 4-6 rolls of vinyl wallpaper, and coarse-fibered, 3-4 rolls of heavy and embossed wallpaper. Package: 200-gram cardboard box. Storage: Keep in a dry place, shelf life is unlimited. Wallpaper paste "RARA" "Normal" Clay on the basis of high-quality cellulose (Germany) for fixing the lungs and normal wallpaper.
Tuesday, August 16, 2011
Decor for the walls. New technologies
Although architects and strive to break the walls past the veils to demonstrate "the beauty of" crumbling masonry or concrete in residential interiors difficult for them to roam. What can you do - the bare walls of comfort is not added. Sitting in our innate desire for embellishment of the surrounding space, and even more bare walls, which had always before his eyes. Thank God, and the market that promote: a great paint, paint, incredible wallpaper, wallpaper, wallpapers, textile coatings, various ceramic tiles, tile, stucco, and crazy modern technology, you can use to cover up a material by another. It seems there is nothing new for the walls and come up with is impossible. But in the course went unusual for modern humans, one might even say bizarre ways to wall decor. It is interesting to them to get accustomed. Leather. Genuine leather as a material for finishing living quarters has been known since antiquity. Today she is once again gaining the sympathy of designers and owners of fine interiors. The skin absorbs noise, leaves a pleasant fragrance in the room, leather walls warm to the touch. As a natural material, it is not immediately ignited, is absolutely harmless to health. Generally the skin - one of the few materials that will eventually become only better and more expressive, such as stained wood or worn denim. The walls absorb the particular style of life master. Time, air and exploitation affect the appearance, which is unique to each individual interior.
Corian: the scope of application
Corian for us - a completely new material. And it's just surprising, given that the company DuPont "(DuPont) invented it in the middle of last century, and today it is literally a mass application, and each of us surely have seen him. Just do not rush to deny: that the first time we see the first time we hear. If you have been to McDonald's, you know, all tops there are made of Corian. If you do not even edali hamburger, you have probably visited a dentist, and therefore, it is likely that flaunts Corian in your mouth - it was out of it make a seal. Application. Corian so rapidly enters our life, if only to enumerate all its scope, get the impressive list. In an apartment or office thereof may literally everything: walls, floor, ceiling, doors, chairs, cabinets, lockers, desks and countertops, all kinds of fittings, light switches, TV cabinet and a computer, lamps, candlesticks, vases. Stairs, columns, fireplaces Corian obtained are great. But more often, of course, from this material do countertops. Very nice, plus a practical and hygienic. Mistresses like another book of Corian sinks. Moreover, the kitchen and bathroom in general can be made entirely of Corian. From what he's done. Corian - is a composite consisting of mineral fillers, color pigments and a binder - acrylic resin. As a mineral filler used aluminum trihydrate - white powder, a component of white clay. The same one used to make high-quality porcelain. Pigments - the so-called food-grade minerals - give the color of clear acrylic resin.
House. The walls of the air: glass blocks
Imagine the house in every corner of which, even remote from the window, enters the light of day. You enter the hallway in an apartment or cottage is a spacious hall, and see how the glitter around the living spark of light. It's simple: the walls are decorated home is not in strict standard eurorepair and unusual glass "tiles." This glass blocks, or transparent "bricks" made of glass. During Soviet times, was known for only one, absolutely the same type, the type of glass blocks, which was a rather rude "brick" from the muddy, dirty-gray jagged glass. Of course, use it as a finishing material to anyone not occurred. Now, when a primitive glass blocks have found a large number of shapes and colors, it is increasingly diverse and used in interior decoration. Today we will tell you about this "old but new" building material, reborn. The shape of the glass block does look like a brick, but inside it is hollow. It is the air trapped in it, gives this material excellent heat-saving and sound insulation properties. Surface of such a "brick" can be smooth, ribbed, transparent, opaque, and even color. On sale are the most common glass blocks with a thickness of 7.5 to 10 cm, his weight from 2,5 to 4,3. In form they are square or rectangular. Standard dimensions of contemporary glass blocks - 19 x 19 x 8 cm or 24 x 24 x 8 cm. In addition, they are more triangular, and even round the corner (such are mainly used for finishing the corners, columns, etc.).
Glass cloth wallpaper
When we choose what to stick on the wall, we think about design, style and color. But coverage for the walls can be much more important - wallpaper can become a material, not only decorated room, but gives strength walls and ceiling. When deciding to choose "those in a blue strip, is worth considering as well - how long we will enjoy this story? How can I deal with the inevitable - whether it be a kitchen, nursery or office - spots and rubbing on the walls? Can I replace the damaged areas, or will the new venturing repair? How to behave themselves wallpaper in extreme situations - with bays, active lighting, fire? And finally - and how this material is not only pleasing the eye, but also useful (or at least not harmful) to our well-being? Different types of wall coverings, presented in our market, have different advantages and disadvantages - so easy paper wallpaper paste, but, for example, tiles - one of the most durable coatings. Today, when to replace a plain white wall paper comes a different wall materials - from traditional PVC (vinyl) wallpaper for painting to the thin reed of wood chips, it is sometimes difficult to navigate around the variety of materials. On the one hand the ingenuity wallpaper manufacturers helps us to choose what you like, but on the other side - often prevents to see the truly important qualities of the material, both good and not so. Production Technology in wallpaper depending on the type of changes radically, respectively, are changing and their quality and performance.
Monday, August 15, 2011
History Magnelita
And what is it - magnesite cement? Modern building science describes a kind of "portrait" of an ideal material for the future: "It must be universal - have both high structural ability and heat-insulating properties; absolutely necessary for it to be non-flammable, durable, waterproof, clean and has enough decorative qualities that eliminates the need for additional external and partly internal finishing of buildings and structures is desirable that it was received from mineral raw materials. " Added to this is that such material should be made on existing equipment and, most importantly, to be competitive in comparison with uzkoprofilnyh materials analogs. But as often happens, everything is new - it is well forgotten past, from which only need to shake off the "century of dust", slightly modernized. It turns out that our previous generations have decided to issue 150 years ago. Caustic magnesite is obtained after firing at relatively low temperatures of some natural minerals in the composition of which a significant amount of carbonate or magnesium hydroxide (magnesite, dolomite), mixing an aqueous solution of magnesium salts (sulfate or magnesium chloride - bischofite) similar in composition to the sea, forms a plastic mass, astringent properties. The composition and properties of the binders were described in the mid-nineteenth century French engineer Sorel made the beginning of its use in construction, as well as the name of the Moscow industrial and construction company Sorrel Ecology.
Wallpaper Glue
Considering adhesives for wall coverings, we do not have in mind the finish tile, plaster or glaze. Acquainted mainly with the species of adhesives for wallpaper, textiles and cork coverings. The main feature of which is divided into "clothes for the walls (and glue to her) - the specific gravity. Distinguish the lungs (various wallpapers) and heavy (panel) of the coating. Adhesives for them are different and at a price and on the properties, and composition. Usually we want our wall decor is not bubbled, covered in spots, does not crack and does not fall off with plaster. Many of these items depend on the quality of the fixing composition. The basis of most adhesives are cellulose derivatives. Most often it is carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), or simply methylcellulose (MC). Depends on this temperature of water in which you want to breed glue. For example, in hot water solubility of methylcellulose decreases as compared with the solubility in cold water. This means that when the temperature will precipitate or the formation of flakes. In chemistry, it is called coagulation. The temperature of coagulation 2-percent solution of methylcellulose is in the range of 35 to 56 degrees Celsius. That is, when reaching this mark will be the solution mixed. It will embarrass its application to the surface. Carboxymethylcellulose has no temperature coagulation. Therefore, when preparing the adhesive on the basis of its temperature does not play a role (if not included in the composition of additives, temperature sensitive).
Decoration of the facade - the siding
Today, the market represented by large assortment of building materials, although they do not chasnoe otvechayut quality standards. Buyers have no idea what health effects may result in the use of substandard materials. At an uncontrolled market for more than half of all construction materials do not meet state standards and may pose a risk to human health. The most common "pitfalls" which customers can expect when choosing materials. When purchasing a parquet flooring and parquet board is rightly recognized as the most environmentally friendly types of flooring. Practicality and comfort of natural wood is not practical to replace. But even the most expensive and environmentally friendly flooring will lose all their positive qualities when choosing the wrong paint. Synthetic paints emit aromatic hydrocarbons, are often the experts found they toluene and xylene, which are used as solvents. These substances can irritate the eyes and cause skin diseases, and with constant exposure cause serious disturbances in the nervous system. Also a health hazard can conceal the glue that is a source of toluene, acetone, which, being toxic substances can cause infertility in women, contribute to miscarriages. The most accessible natural parquet simulator is a laminate. In fact, the laminate can not be considered a substitute for hardwood floors. Its front side may take the form of dozens of species of wood, but the similarities with laminate flooring finish. This coating consists of several layers, based on the composition includes wood chips and paper.
Choosing building materials
Today, the market represented by large assortment of building materials, although they do not chasnoe otvechayut quality standards. Buyers have no idea what health effects may result in the use of substandard materials. At an uncontrolled market for more than half of all construction materials do not meet state standards and may pose a risk to human health. The most common "pitfalls" which customers can expect when choosing materials. When purchasing a parquet flooring and parquet board is rightly recognized as the most environmentally friendly types of flooring. Practicality and comfort of natural wood is not practical to replace. But even the most expensive and environmentally friendly flooring will lose all their positive qualities when choosing the wrong paint. Synthetic paints emit aromatic hydrocarbons, are often the experts found they toluene and xylene, which are used as solvents. These substances can irritate the eyes and cause skin diseases, and with constant exposure cause serious disturbances in the nervous system. Also a health hazard can conceal the glue that is a source of toluene, acetone, which, being toxic substances can cause infertility in women, contribute to miscarriages. The most accessible natural parquet simulator is a laminate. In fact, the laminate can not be considered a substitute for hardwood floors. Its front side may take the form of dozens of species of wood, but the similarities with laminate flooring finish. This coating consists of several layers, based on the composition includes wood chips and paper.
Sunday, August 14, 2011
In the animal world
In recent years, designers mastered the "selfish interest". Covers of various wild animals and reptiles roamed the interior, becoming the upholstery, carpets and rugs. The characteristic texture and pattern in the style of "Wild World" is successfully cloned in artificial substitutes, textiles, and various accessories. Inclined to philosophize aesthetes believe that so modern prosperous townsman subconsciously nostalgic about the times, "BC" when unsettled ancestor was forced to pull into his cold cave hides them dead animals. Then they warmed him and were a symbol of social success. Now the rug of skins, carelessly thrown on the comfortable sofa upholstered with leather crocodile, appeals to the primitive passions. So, every time he sat down on the couch, leather-covered, you make a virtual trip into the past. Furthermore, the presence of these materials are believed to compensate for the lack of modern man thrills a pioneer, living secretly in each of us. But since most of the thirst for extreme local character, the designers indulge her, creating with the help of animal skins ethnic sketches. The house settles exotica, but in measured doses and safe way. As you know, leather upholstery of the furniture used at different times and in different nations, although it has never been directly linked to the prevailing style or fashion trends. Since the Middle Ages chairs, and later covered with leather sofas. But, perhaps, is the twentieth century revealed its potential in all its brilliance.
Wallpaper for painting: Paper wallpaper, non-woven wallpaper, glass
There are a whole group of wallpaper c deep embossed patterns and the lack of multi-colored pattern. They are called structural (or textural) of wallpaper and are designed for painting. And because they are becoming increasingly popular, as are practical and are in the public price range, today we will tell you about them. There are three types of wallpapers: paper, non-woven and glass fiber. In fact, it's completely different wallpapers, as in the manufacture of a variety of materials used in certain combinations. And the advantages and disadvantages of them are different too. Their common feature - they can be painted or repainted many times. This is usually fit any dispersion paints, including latex. In the initial form of these wallpapers are usually white, that is generally unpainted. Less common are colorful, mostly pastel colors: pale green, yellow, cream, blue and pink. Background color can be obtained after staining of an unusual hue. However, these wallpapers can be used without further processing. Paper wallpaper under the paint suitable for any surface, not even particularly well aligned. They are usually dual layer, similarly to a friend duplex, but the greater thickness and density. These products are impregnated with a special water-repellent composition, and even after repeated staining retain their water resistance. An interesting variety of paper-based structural wallpapers are so-called coarse-fibered (grubostrukturnye) wallpaper. Relief of their surface is not achieved the traditional stamping, and the method of space between the smooth layers of foundation and cover the wood chips - wood processing waste.
Natural slate - fashion for bohemians
Natural slate - perhaps the most fashionable and paradoxical finishing material of today. For the first time in history finishing (not precious) stone has become so obvious symbol of prestige and belonging to the higher strata of society. Bohemian audiences around the world covered the shale fever. Most fashion designers scour the boutiques of finishing materials in search of the rarest types of stones, original colors, unusual textures. Between the best houses in Europe are shale event - celestials proudly posing for magazines in the glamorous backdrop of slate walls and floors of their apartments. What happens? Caprice of fashion? Another quirk of millionaires? In fact, to understand this question is not so simple. On the one hand, it's certainly - fashion. True, its mass can only speak with great reserve. Is there a mod on the car «Bentley» or watch «Cartier»? If the answer is yes, then we can say that on the slate is fashion - fashion for very wealthy people! Because the cost of 1 m slate starts from 80 €. On the other hand, the shale - it is very different in appearance and properties of the stone. Rather, we can speak of a group of decorative stones, united under a common name - Slate. For example, hardness. In oil shale, it ranges from 2 to 6 points on the Mohs scale. This corresponds approximately to the hardness of gypsum (2) and orthoclase (6). The coefficient of water absorption is a big spread - from 0,01 to 3%. Combines are all kinds of slate one - solid laminated (slate), the structure of this material, which creates a unique, expressive texture of the surface, to conquer the world.
Sound-absorbing wallpaper
We regret to note that the civilization of the windows makes noise all the stronger, and soundproof walls still leaves much to be desired. To a large extent insulated from the noise of the apartment is now helping a special sound-absorbing wall-paper. What are they? This you will learn from our articles! Soundproof wallpaper minimize background noise coming from the street or from adjacent rooms. In addition, due to their use diminished resonance. In principle, sound-proof wallpaper little than differ from the default wallpaper, presenting a paper, textile, or polymer base with a "fuzzy" front surface formed by a fibrous material (often textile waste). This principle, and further, as they say, there are options. To also include a sound-absorbing cork wallpaper, with a thin layer of natural cork is still and bactericidal properties. Although, strictly speaking, can it be called cork covering "wallpaper"? All of the above apply wallpaper for the walls of children's rooms, bedrooms, home theaters, classrooms and offices, halls, discotheques, etc. They are really excellent to protect the premises from unwanted noise. Perhaps the only drawback absorbent Wallpaper - their relatively high cost. Technology pasting First, choose the glue. Now more than a dozen manufacturers offer a multitude of brands of adhesives. Note that the package or container products must be equipped with label: "heavy wallpaper. Choose is the glue that is recommended the attached instructions for wallpaper.
Glass walls - it is fashionable
Our apartments are becoming more beautiful and spacious. We disclaim enclosed spaces, creating a private area, and at the same time afraid of losing the usual comfort and intimacy. Huge windows, stained glass, glass walls - all the inherent features of a modern interior. It is fashionable, actually, finally, this is natural, which brings light, air and light. Finding for the designer Glass has been actively used as a full-fledged building material. They possess high strength, excellent thermal and acoustic insulation, do not burn, do not fear water, perfectly reflect light, durable and require no special care. But no one in the head and could not come to decorate their home! Today, glass blocks are experiencing a second birth, taking the best from the "parents" - green industrial glass bricks, which are used for wall decoration factory shops, boiler rooms, public baths, and stairs. Appearing in our market recently, imported glass blocks in record time fascinated many. This is already a born-again "building blocks" has become popular in the decoration of residential interiors, is actively used in the architectural design decision of living space. Therefore, in the vast areas increasingly appear high, low, straight and round walls of the interior decorative glass blocks, clear ceilings and arches, pergolas, exterior walls of houses ... organically blend into a modern interior, they form a space, emphasizing his individuality, creating a special mood. They are always spacious, light, warm, reliable, and most importantly - exquisitely.
Saturday, August 13, 2011
Fresco: time has no power
Galina Timofeeva Sheveleva-Since his primitive man seeks to beautify your home. Due to it was primarily his warming (for example, the walls hung the skins of animals), and the second, but did not unimportant - our ancestors wanted to splash out emotions through drawing life events, to capture them on stone, leather, fabric later. Later designs were the subject of aesthetics. Hunting scenes, everyday scenes were motifs of rock art. Over time, a primitive charcoal drawing turned into a beautiful piece of art - a mural. The name comes from the Italian expression «al fresco» - «drawing on fresh." Finish murals used in ancient Greece and Rome, Byzantium. Old Russian artists (Rublev, Dionysius) in X-XII centuries. used the technique of painting murals for churches. A special embodiment of the rich and flourishing mural was during the Renaissance (XIV-XVI centuries).. Beautiful, precious "wall plaster" created Raphael, Michelangelo. Paintings made on wet plaster, were surprisingly realistic. Sometimes a visitor and had no idea that does not look out the window, and the picture. Like any phenomenon, the fresco has survived heyday, decline and rebirth. Oddly, the impetus for interest in the murals have given the political developments in Mexico. Artists muralisty (muros - from the Latin wall) protested and called for bright, vivid pictures of the cubic and modernist trends. Currently, interior design murals - a way accessible, ie embodiment of your idea is possible, and only a few days, but once a reservation, my dear.
Material of the 21 st century
The first appearance of man-made materials have been motivated by the desire to simplify and cheapen the production of objects that surround people. Artificial polymers invented in the late XIX century, which resulted in a grand scientific revolution, which echoes can be heard now. In 1862, the Grand International Exhibition in London scientist Alexander Parkes first introduced in the history of this stuff. Its discovery created a furor. Then the polymer is modified under high temperature rubber. When heated, it gave any shape, and cooling it saves it. Because of these properties in combination with the low cost polymeric materials have gained tremendous popularity. Reasons for the appearance since the first plastic made stepped far forward. Various kinds of modifications and foams have become part of our lives as diverse elements: the components of building materials, furniture, household items, machinery parts and many other things. Due to its aam polymeric materials occupy a significant niche in the market. Every year they have improved and changed to best meet the modern requirements in design and construction. Recently in our country, the popularity of the composites increased tenfold. Earlier this year the exhibition Mosbuild-2005 introduced a new material called lightbeam (composite decorative construction material, which was originally created to replace the wooden beams). His appearance on the market is justified: in conditions of increasing scarcity and high cost of wood composite materials are becoming more relevant to architects and designers working in different directions.
Mobile home "turnkey"
Dennis Yashugin Much of the entrepreneurs engaged in low-rise construction. They build houses, facilitated the building of offices, shops, warehouses, sheds, cabins for various purposes, and other objects. Judging by the volume of supply and demand, this kind of business flourished, especially in summer. Cabins: cheap and convenient ... Judge for yourself, the cost of the villa cabins range from 60 to 100 thousand rubles. For this money to the area brought a house and put the size of 2,5 x 6 m, in which to live. It represents a framework of rods, trimmed with sheet material, which is laid between the insulation thickness of 5 cm outside all chiseled clapboard. There are different options huts: large and small, suburban, construction, Mobile, offices, etc. They are all metal (in the form of barrels) and the metal frame trimmed with leaf or wood material. The main advantage of lightweight buildings - is its transportability. In the event of a change of place of work or house plot can be loaded and transported. Width should be up to 3 m, according to the rules of the road. Now a small mobile homes are popular abroad. The local models differ from our products because of their need to work as a designer's idea. On a set of amenities they meet the usual city apartment. There is a toilet, shower, hot and cold running water, electricity. Wherever house, the tenant will not experience discomfort. Mobile buildings have become popular due to increased mobility. Changing working and living conditions.
Friday, August 12, 2011
House of the Future - "passive house»
Anna Mironova term "passive house" appeared in the Russian vocabulary building just a few years ago. In the passive house energy consumption for heating is minimized by the use of internal heat sources, energy saving technologies and high-performance insulating materials. It should be noted that the concept of a building, do not need a powerful heating system, already found in our country is fertile ground. In fact, the low efficiency of existing buildings and the enormous cost of energy for heating is Russia's source of many economic and social problems. The most obvious reason for that - rates for all types of energy are growing much faster than incomes. In this regard, the task of reducing heating costs is becoming increasingly important for Russian landlords and municipal authorities. On the other hand, the concept of passive houses attracted by the fact that it contains a strong component of environmentally safe. Thanks to the wise use of domestic energy sources and environmentally friendly materials passive house bears no risk of environmental and human health. That is the idea of ??"passive house" developed at the intersection of the growth of environmental consciousness and it is a particular desire to reduce maintenance costs. But as far as it is realizable in the domestic context? Principles and approaches for more than 20 years ago, an American researcher David Orr developed the concept of a building that meets the highest standards of environmental friendliness and energy efficiency.
Siding can be different ...
Vinyl Siding Of all the vinyl siding is the most popular. It is mainly used for cladding facades of buildings: ranging from cottages and ending block. It is convenient because it can be mounted on any type of wall: whether it is an old wooden plaster, brick wall or concreted fortress. And in a short time and inexpensively old dilapidated house gets a new modern look and style. Vinyl siding is made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC). And the people There is a misconception that this material is very unhealthy and not breathable. Vinyl siding is perfectly safe: he passed all the tests, and approved by medical professionals. But the quality also depends also on the additives in the vinyl. Usually the siding is bright pastel colors, because vinyl was added titanium dioxide (TiO2). It is through this element of the siding is resistant to ultra-violet rays. But dioxide tiatana attached siding white, and therefore can not be painted in other colors. There are PVC siding and bright hues, but they are susceptible to UV rays and quickly fade. Vinyl siding is also flexible. He is not afraid of hard frost and shock. And the wheel house of this material is protected from the weather: rain, wind, storms. As the moisture resistant it perfectly breathable. And the biggest plus - siding poorly lit. It will slowly melt and will not allow the fire to spread rapidly. And one of the advantages: the installation does not need to level the surface. Hide all the roughness and, in addition, during finishing can insulate the house under the siding obtyanuv vapor barrier material.
Why use oil paint?
Plasterboard became one of the main instruments of shaping the interior. Drywall is generally very good fits in the range of finishing materials for housing. And thanks, primarily, physical and hygienic properties of its main components - gypsum - environmentally friendly material that does not contain toxic inclusions and having a very low background radioactivity. He has pretty good sound absorption, non-flammable, fire-resistant, and more - has a pH close to the acidity of human skin. Plasterboard (plasterboard) absorb surplus moisture from the air and release it when the air is too dry, naturally adjusting microclimate in dwellings. GCR is practically feasible and convenient to use. Enable us to eliminate "wet" processes (such as the imposition of plaster), and hence reduce the complexity and cost of work to get rid of construction debris. Design of the FCL is 3-4 times lighter made of other materials, simple and fast to install (one qualified technician during the day collects up to 60 m2 of plasterboard structures). With the drywall sheets can coat the walls, erecting interior walls and ceilings, to organize teams based on gender. In fact, gypsum is a leaf decoration material with so-called core of gypsum plaster, reinforced with fiberglass. On both sides of the core pasted durable cardboard: 93% - gypsum core, 6% - cardboard layer. The front side plays the role of foundations, fully ready to spray finishes (plaster, wallpaper, paint, ceramic tile, PVC panels).
How to transform the interior plasterboard
Plasterboard became one of the main instruments of shaping the interior. Drywall is generally very good fits in the range of finishing materials for housing. And thanks, primarily, physical and hygienic properties of its main components - gypsum - environmentally friendly material that does not contain toxic inclusions and having a very low background radioactivity. He has pretty good sound absorption, non-flammable, fire-resistant, and more - has a pH close to the acidity of human skin. Plasterboard (plasterboard) absorb surplus moisture from the air and release it when the air is too dry, naturally adjusting microclimate in dwellings. GCR is practically feasible and convenient to use. Enable us to eliminate "wet" processes (such as the imposition of plaster), and hence reduce the complexity and cost of work to get rid of construction debris. Design of the FCL is 3-4 times lighter made of other materials, simple and fast to install (one qualified technician during the day collects up to 60 m2 of plasterboard structures). With the drywall sheets can coat the walls, erecting interior walls and ceilings, to organize teams based on gender. In fact, gypsum is a leaf decoration material with so-called core of gypsum plaster, reinforced with fiberglass. On both sides of the core pasted durable cardboard: 93% - gypsum core, 6% - cardboard layer. The front side plays the role of foundations, fully ready to spray finishes (plaster, wallpaper, paint, ceramic tile, PVC panels).
Design, calculation and device shallow-buried foundations of low-rise residential buildings in Moscow region
TSN MF-97 DoD regulation and standardization REGIONAL CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS design, calculation and device shallow-buried foundations of low-rise residential buildings in Moscow region Effective date 06/01/1998 Developed by: the Ministry of Construction of Moscow Region (IB Zakharov, K. called; BK Baikov, Ph.D.); Mosgiproniselstroem (BCSazhin, Prof.; AG Beira, Ph.D.; VV . Borshchev, Ph.D.; TA Prikazchikova, Ph.D., I. K. Melnikov, Eng.; D. Sazhin, Ing.) Institute of Foundations and Underground Structures State Construction Code ( Vladimir Orlov, Prof..; Yu.B. Badu, PhD; NS Nikiforova, Ph.D., VY Shishkin , Ph.D.); TsNIIEPselstroem (VA Zarenin, Ph.D., LP Karabanov, Ph.D., LM Zarbuev, Ph.D.; T. A. Maltsev, PhD, N. Maltsev, Ph.D., V. Novgorod, Ph.D.; AF Svetenko, PhD ., K. S. Pogosyan, Ing.) Institute Mosstroem (VA Trushkov, Ph.D., B. H. Kim, Ph.D.). AGREED: License and expert department of the Moscow region (LD Mandel, VI Mischerin, LV Golovacheva) Mosoblkomprirodoy (MP Goncharov, NA Belopol'skaya). Approved by the Government of Moscow region from 30.03.98 № 28 / 9. Introduction In connection with the implementation of a program of low-rise and cottage construction administration of the Moscow region holds a set of measures aimed at reducing the cost of construction, including the use of lightweight construction, new building materials and advanced technologies. A large proportion of the total cost of construction of low-rise buildings is the cost of installation of foundations.
Thursday, August 11, 2011
The main types of wallpaper, gluing technique
Modern printing machines Gravure printing of the leading companies in Germany, France, Italy, capable of producing an extensive range of wallpapers. Manufacturing techniques are different - from print to the decorative (textured) paper, which is used for finishing wood particle boards used in furniture industry, to ... printed on paper made from natural raw wood waterborne paints. To improve the appearance of wallpaper applied decorative finishes of the nacreous pigments (iriodinov) and metal paint. We give the characteristics of the main types of domestic wallpaper made on imported equipment. Paper corrugated wallpaper used in homes with low dust and humidity hallways, living rooms, bedrooms. Duplex wallpaper composed of two layers of paper, with embossing that forms a deep sustained relief, continuing after glueing. Due to the large weight of the paper, these wallpapers are able to conceal a slight defect in the walls. Washable wallpaper designed for rooms with high humidity. The entire surface is covered with wallpaper latex or water-resistant varnish, creating a glossy film. Acrylic Backgrounds consist of paper coated with foamed acrylic polymer, creating a relief pattern. Due to the fact that the polymer is not applied to the entire surface of wallpaper, Foam walls provide an opportunity to "breathe." Vinyl wallpaper composed of two layers, the bottom - a layer of strong paper, Upper - PVC film, which gives increased strength of the wallpaper. Desktop resistant to moisture, sunlight, non-toxic, have a long lifetime (10 years).
Panels of rattan linen
Natalia Zinorova What do you think of rattan panels in the interior? In the design of modern interiors are becoming more and more natural construction and decoration materials. Possessing undoubted aesthetic appeal and environmental friendliness, the natural elements of decor help to create a unique look premises, creating an atmosphere of much comfort. Rattan, which is used for interior decoration of residential and public buildings, is very popular with designers around the world. This material is well suited for implementing various stylistic decisions: he harmoniously fits into the eastern or African-style original will be a godsend for the minimalist or high-tech. Wicker (rattan, rattan) - this tree growing in the forests of Southeast Asia. Sleek and smooth trunk of the palm is a very long (up to 200 meters) liana whose thickness varies from 0.5 to 7 cm under the bark of vines are located fibers impregnated with the juice. Tropical origin rattan makes this moisture-resistant material, resistant to UV rays and temperature extremes. Bark of palm trees used to create furniture designs, it would twist around the ends and corners of furniture, used in making mats. Inside of the trunk is cut into strips and used for weaving. Decorative materials - finishing material of rattan, made by weaving. Material can be as dense, and openwork. Produced cloth in rolls of various widths and lengths, it is easy to stain, so that is all sorts of colors and shades. Used in the manufacture of furniture (chests, cabinets, beds, chairs, etc.) of it is made lamps and screens for radiators.
The shirt, which is closer to home
Vladimir Mikhailov facade, like the human body, you can decorate with a variety of ways. If, say, decorate it with plaster or decorative tiles on a cement-glue solution, then any subsequent modifications, in which case it will be difficult and is associated with serious cash outlay. So some people like to go another way, using a particular system of suspended facades. Actually, any operation of "wet" type, associated with the lining, will be final and irrevocable. Therefore, this method of device fronts at once, we factor out the scope of this article. We will talk specifically about the hinged system, which is a kind of shirt to build and have their own characteristics. Take, for example, the situation when the old unprepossessing facade, which was last trimmed or painted many years ago, you want quickly and easily make attractive and stylish. Bearing wall here can be brick and aerated concrete and lined with planks. Again, it does not matter much, plastered or painted facade, in principle, finish may be absent (which, incidentally, is often the case when buying unfinished "box"). The main thing is that the walls had at least some mechanical strength, which allows to hang such a versatile material, such as siding. Siding recently received fairly widespread in a country-house, but we nevertheless tell more about it, because the siding facades of houses are made of elegant and modern, and their owners can enjoy a perfect view of the walls. Siding is the strip length from two to six meters and a width of 10-30 inches.
How to make a candy house
Mikhail Skvortsov When the load-bearing structures built houses, one of the main concerns of the homeowner - facade. Wow, that house looked like candy, and is not simply the four walls of the roof! Moreover, we can go our separate ways, in particular, use the various options facing. Species facing quite a lot. For the most part it is used in the decoration of the facades of houses built of brick or concrete honeycomb and frame. The facades of wooden houses are faced in rare cases, and the reason is clear: the tree does not require, as a rule, ennobling. But a wall of bricks requires finishing, and for these purposes can also use a brick. Paradox? Not at all. Brick Brick divisive, not all varieties are used to create support structures. Selection of special bricks, both domestic and foreign, is very broad. Facing ceramic bricks made on the most modern equipment, allowing to receive dozens of different shades and texture of the surface. Some European manufacturers are offering consumers about 500 colors and shades that can satisfy the most demanding customers. And produced not only rectangular bricks, but figured that allows any surface finish. The house can be built from the most crude and cheap materials, say from cinder blocks, but finished with decorative brick, finds the noble shape, it is aesthetically appealing. Paving tile mimics standard brick, repeating its shape and dimensions, except thickness. Peculiarities of production technology, as well as long roasting gives this material increased strength, frost resistance and make it virtually waterproof.
Wednesday, August 10, 2011
Preparing a house for the winter
Choose a system of warming of the walls is not easy, because of heat engineering efficiency, they differ little. Crucial to the reliability and functional efficiency, versatility and ease of practical application. It is necessary to take into account the parameters of a particular building or project: the possibility of additional load on the foundation that is acceptable (including depreciation), the load on the wall, the system conforms to the landscape, and of course its cost. Properly assess all these factors can only be a professional. Applied Systems outer insulation of walls of buildings can be divided into: thermal insulation system with plastering facades; thermal insulation system with a protective-decorative screen, thermal insulation system with facing brick or other fragmented materials, thermal insulation system of low-rise wooden houses. Thermal insulation system with plastering facades include adhesive or mechanical fastening of insulation with anchors, dowels and cages to the existing wall and then covering his plaster layers. Besides the general requirements for a reliable fastening system to the existing wall, in the thermal insulation system required under the terms of the annual balance vlagonakopleniya is the requirement for water vapor permeability nakryvochnyh plaster layers. Thermal insulation system with protective and decorative screen because, as a rule, its lack of water vapor permeability perform air-ventilated gap between the insulation and shield, the so-called ventilated facade.
What we know about drywall?
Many people today are seeking to create for himself a comfortable, clean environment both in the workplace and at home. Usually this is expressed in a change in the interior areas of serial development, with the fundamental change applied once builders materials. It is often very difficult to bring together the designer's dream come true, environmentally friendly material and technology of construction work. To solve this triune task ideally suited plasterboard complete systems. These materials are successfully combines the highest quality raw materials (plaster and galvanized steel) and exacting approach to the consumer properties of the finished product. What is a drywall? What are the basic properties of this material? Low thermal conductivity of gypsum board integrated systems based on it called affordable and at the same time, efficient thermal insulation in the home, which provides conditions for healthy living at a minimal cost. In addition, gypsum board and is an excellent sound quality. The basis of this modern material - plaster, the same one that was used for centuries in art and orthopedics. The same cast, has the ability to "breathe", that is to pass air, while maintaining a constant indoor humidity conditions. One of the most important properties of plaster - its ecology, it does not contain toxic substances. Complete system from galactic cosmic rays (plasterboard) is not flammable, do not contain toxic elements and have the acidity, similar to human skin.
Glue so that the glue
Vitaly Lviv wet surface of the wall is easily seen by the dark color of concrete when it is cleaned. If the moisture level is not obvious at first glance, it should make a check on the level of moisture in the wall. It is carried out as follows: the wall with adhesive tape attached a piece of film. If the surface is wet, the moisture comes through in the form of condensation on the reverse side of the film. When moisture Wallcovering makes no sense. Hold on a wet surface or paper or vinyl products will not. If you do not remove the causes of excessive moisture walls, then make them decorative finish meaningless. There are some obvious signs of moisture contained in the wall, just a few of them: loose wallpaper, plaster, loose as a result of crystallization treads salt or frost penetrated inside her water, a loose masonry exterior walls, mold on the walls, flaking paint and plaster . Once identified the causes of high humidity, it is necessary to eliminate them before they begin to prepare the walls for pasting wallpaper. Check the surface hardness is carried out by scratching the walls with a hard object. In this case, the site of application should not show scratches delamination. Also, if you wipe the surface of the wall by hand, then his hand should not remain a white plaque. Chalky residues should be thoroughly washed off the wall. Old peeling wallpaper also need to be removed completely. Then wash off glue residues and waste paper (if it was stuck under the old wallpaper).
Linkrust and technology of its labels
Julia Antonova Linkrust a valuable kind of wallpaper, with a long service life. Linkrust can be painted with oil paint, making it easy to keep clean the surface of the walls as opposed to simple wallpaper. Composition linkrusta includes wood flour, linseed oil, wax, chalk and rosin. This structure allows us to "squeeze" on the surface of the material variety of patterns and designs, giving the room covered with linkrustom special uniqueness. Materials and tools linkrust polumaslyanaya putty sandpaper for smoothing primer hot water vystrugannaya rail line or a sharp knife paste (as a variant of the adhesive, sealant, and casein glue) fly-brush or chalk cord ceiling brushes oil or enamel paint process Prepare surface: remove the wiring harness, trim moldings, which subsequently linkrust will cuddle, to correct possible defects in the walls: the cracks and potholes, bad hold the plaster fought back and replaced. Waiting for the dry grounds, and grind gruntuem intended for gluing surface. Dry them for 2-3 days and shpaklyuem polumaslyanoy putty. Trimmed surface is dried, fix the remaining defects, and finally gruntuem. And after the final drying proceed directly to the label linkrusta. Cut linkrust on canvas desired size (keep in mind that the figure must be the same in places subsequent connections paintings). We turn into rolls and soak in hot water (approximately 50 ?) for 10 minutes to linkrust completely soaked. Rolls should be laid on a flat surface and leave for 8-10 hours.
Cement-bonded particle boards
Roman Hlan In modern construction technologies are increasingly used "dry mounting" that significantly improve the quality of supplies and works as a whole. That is why today one of the most frequently used materials are cement-bonded particle board (DSP), which tells you our article. Cement-bonded particle boards made from very common components, namely: cement, sawdust (waste wood processing), water and aluminum sulfate, known as liquid glass. Cement-bonded particle boards have a homogeneous structure: tightly pressed wood chips, covered with cement mortar. Inside the plates are solid core, which suffered less strong subsequent layers. Their surface is both smooth and textured. Advantages and disadvantages of the DSP, this building material has several advantages, allowing to apply it in a variety of designs. The advantages of DSPs include: a small price, high strength, excellent moisture, frost and fire (especially significant when processing DSP special structures), increased sound insulation, environmentally friendly, as expressed in the absence of harmful ingredients, ease of processing, the accuracy of geometric dimensions, the ability to different types of surface finish (painting, plastering, pasting wallpaper or ceramic tile); protection against attacks rodents, fungi and insects. As can be seen, the DSP has incorporated the best quality properties Particleboard, cement, plasterboard and other building materials. But as you know, there is nothing perfect. In cement-bonded boards is a significant disadvantage in a very limited life span: in conditions of severe exploitation does not exceed 15 years.
Tuesday, August 9, 2011
Liquid wallpaper? Intriguing!
Anna Drozd We have once said: arguing about which is better - paint the walls and ceilings, plastering them, glued them to hang wallpaper or wall panels - totally meaningless. In addition, while we argue, the market of finishing materials appear new items, which are unlimited opportunities to change the interior of our home, office, allow the designer to show their own qualities, to realize their fantasies. You can endlessly talk about the shortcomings of the traditional decor of the walls and ceiling. Paper wallpaper, such as adhesive tape, require a perfect surface of the walls and matching picture. If the walls are full of ledges, corners (which is not uncommon), the task of pasting many times more complicated. Wall panels require additional equipment and certain skills. Let's keep it "nagging" and turn our attention to new notions of decoration of the walls and ceiling. These young, but promising, and include textile coatings, often referred to as "liquid wallpaper" or the Danish decorative plaster. Interesting novelty Liquid wallpaper - it's multi-component wall covering, like paints and decorative plaster only method of application, but completely different in the final result. The source material is a dry mixture, which consists of cotton, silk, synthetic fibers, cellulose raspushennaya, as well as dyes and binders (usually gelatin). Can be included and exotic supplements - dried seaweed, bark chips, mica. Thanks to the natural composition, liquid wallpaper are odorless and are environmentally friendly product that is very important in modern life.
Monday, August 8, 2011
Sandwich panels
Vitaly Lviv Sandwich panels - is a modern building material with unique qualities. Today, the sandwich panels have been successfully used in both residential and industrial construction. Due to its design, sandwich panels have a big margin, but their light weight can significantly reduce the cost of transporting, loading and assembly designs. Due to the small weight sedvich panels significantly reduced the load on the foundation, thereby reducing costs to conduct geological studies of soil and building foundations. Buildings and facilities of sedvich panels are manufactured at the factory, and then they only need to deliver on the object and collect, as a designer. Therefore, construction of sandwich panels is much faster than with traditional building materials. If necessary, the building of the sandwich panels can be easily removed and mounted on any other place. Perfectly smooth surface, which possess all the sandwich panels do not require additional treatment (plaster or puttying). It should also be noted that the sandwich panels are produced already painted, which also significantly reduces the cost of finishing a building. Sandwich panels are not only economically viable for construction, but also have excellent consumer properties. Homes, manufactured using this technology have low moisture absorption and good insulating properties, which allows construction even in areas far north. In addition, all the sandwich panels in the production process are subjected to additional treatment - anti-corrosion coating layer, the primer and the polymer composition.
Dress up the facade
This is a modern facade tiles, weathering decades of building material made of baked clay. Much thinner than the clinker, it is used where an ordinary face brick or clinker can not be used. Construction of the wall occurs without the participation of facade tiles, it just sticks to the existing wall or brickwork. The ideal solution facade tiles - ideal for the repair of old buildings, private homes or apartment buildings are particularly effective with energy-efficient insulation system. Over 80 years of costly for the reconstruction of plaster facades made of 130% of the cost of new construction. Repair costs (only painting of the facade) was 1,120%. On the contrary, the cost of updating the facades, tiled or brick accounted for 30% to upgrade seams and 2% of the ceramic material. Facade tiles - one of the best solutions for renovations and new buildings. It helps to give the building an individual look, complements any cottage, office building, bank, office, restaurant, hotel. Facade tiles can be used for dressing like a whole house, as well as individual items. In particular, for facing building facades using ceramic blocks. The use of polished granite will give the building a certain charm. Porcelain tiles - is resistant to frost and very durable ceramic tile, single firing is held. Ceramic granite is made exclusively from light varieties of clay, and silica sand with the addition of natural dyes. Firing porcelain occurs at a temperature of about 1300 degrees C, which leads to the formation of the monolith.
Sunday, August 7, 2011
Saturday, August 6, 2011
Friday, August 5, 2011
Thursday, August 4, 2011
Wednesday, August 3, 2011
Mineral wool - a reliable thermal insulation material
Mineral wool is a fibrous insulating material obtained by melting of silicate rocks, metallurgical slag, and mixtures thereof. Using the adhesive for synthetic fiber binder, mineral wool produce a range of heaters for construction sites. Thermal insulation products made of mineral wool include plate (soft, semirigid, high rigidity, with a corrugated structure), and roller material - mats, as well as felt, shells, and other segments. By the form of raw mineral wool is subdivided into the stone and slag. In the first case for using rocks - basalt, diabase, limestone, dolomite, in the second - slag, which are industrial waste metals. The process of mineral wool production involves several stages: preparation of raw materials, obtaining the melt, the formation of fibers, fiber deposition, obtaining mineral wool carpet. An important step in the production of mineral wool is to calculate the composition of the mixture of raw materials - the charge. From it depends largely on further properties of the material. The process of obtaining the melt is usually carried out in cupola furnaces - mine smelters. Raw material is loaded with coke, which is the fuel. At a temperature of 1300-1400 ° C produced melt, which is a continuous flow comes from the bottom of the cupola. The formation of mineral fibers produce blast or centrifugal method. The first is the impact on the melt jet stream of steam or compressed gas, the second is based on the use of centrifugal force, turning the hot molten slag or rock in the finest fibers.
Tuesday, August 2, 2011
What is a home sauna?
"Every year on December 31, my friends and go to the bath ..." Do not be that the bath with the traditional libations - there would be people's favorite movie by Eldar Ryazanov. "I went to the bath ... the same time and washed" - one of the favorite jokes of those years. Perhaps bath home use, or rather the sauna for apartments and town houses were designed specifically by women to men in their passion for purity did not go too far. But in any case - they were not invented by us. And indeed home saunas industrial production appeared in the Russian market is relatively recent. And once there was a lot of questions. Which to choose? Can I install a mini-bath-house at home? What to do this? What is a "home" sauna? First, let us see what "home" sauna. Saunas for apartments and town houses - a wooden cabin, which heats the oven, stove - wood burning or electric. In models designed for city apartments, used only by electric furnaces. In saunas can bathe and dry and wet steam: it is necessary only to adjust the humidity by spraying the stones with water, and temperature, changing the mode of heating on the control panel. The main components of a sauna: wood cabin with heat and vapor barrier. The walls of the cabin - wooden frame with a padded lining both sides (in addition, there are saunas, where the outside walls are made of acrylic or pressed wood). The frame is filled with insulation (mineral wool, extruded tube, fiberglass, etc.). Electric oven-stove, heating up the air.
Sauna in each apartment
Sauna can be arranged completely in any apartment or cottage. The smallest, commercially available, Finnish saunas have dimensions in terms of not more than 0,8 * 0,8 m. The height of home saunas usually does not exceed 2.1 m. The devices sauna and steam possibly on the balcony, bathroom, pantry, bathroom . Seven times measure, or the benefits of technical computing Sauna cabin is a structure type of inverted bucket, which is installed on the floor, decorated with ceramic tiles, or - rarely - a tree. Cap floor is usually made of anodized aluminum and is a frame structure. Cap can also be made from a wooden bar, make sure the treated against rot preservatives firm Tikurilla, obstructive moisture between the floor and the wall. Wall construction - usually a two-layer panel with efficient thermal insulation, cladding panels - Lining Class "SUPER" linden, aspen, North American fir, Abacha (South Africa), cedar, pine. Insulation URSA, ISOVER or mineral wool, manufactured at the plant ZapSibgazproma; vapor barrier - aluminum foil thickness 0.068 mm. Walls sometimes produce solid, carefully crafted and polished timber (array), a section of 50 x 100 to 75 x 150 mm, laid in his paw. " Ceiling construction is similar to the walls. The shelves are usually carried out from an African tree Abacha, which has a unique feature - not hot: temperature in the sauna, 90-110 ° C surface temperatures - up to 40 ° C. Supports for the walls of a special design made from Abacha, at least from linden.
How to choose a bathtub
Select a bath - it's not easy, but quite frankly, difficult and troublesome. Let's try to help you acquainted with the primary market of bathrooms in Russia ... Old acquaintances These baths are familiar with all the inhabitants of the Soviet and post-Soviet Russia. It is these baths were in the apartments that we or our parents are free from the state. There was no alternative for many years and so many of us have even done a complete renovation in their apartment, but did not manage until now to change the bath. It is fair to say that the cast-iron baths are still willing to enjoy the whole world, and if the bath is also a Jacuzzi, in Europe it will cost you quite dearly. Why? Cast iron is resistant to corrosion, retains heat well. If you like half an hour before bedtime to relax in warm water, this bath for you. Most of the cast-iron baths in our market is still domestic. It is not surprising. Who will carry from abroad heavy cast iron bath? The more so because iron in our country per capita has always had more than bananas and kiwi. On the other hand, if you demand a quality enamel, or prefer a bath, designed not so much looked like a rustic trough of the last century, then to import proposals should pay attention. Cheap, easy and not at all angry! Steel baths are cheap and easy to move. But this lightness and precarious: some are suspiciously undignified, and even the water is poured into them with this ring, all the neighbors will know when you take a bath. However, on import baths installed rubber grommets to eliminate this effect, but gulkost still remains.
Options for restoration of the old baths
Do you strongly tired old peeling bathtub, from one species that just sick? Enamel has long lost its shine, and in some places, worn and covered with cracks? Rust velas a way that has nothing brought forth? How did I do? Buy a new bathroom or enameled old? Let's face it. First of all, we must realistically assess the state of the bath. If the enamel was rough, there were chips and cracks, color is not white but a dirty-red, then a bath is quite possible to breathe new life, otemalirovav it again. If we are talking about cracks and deformation of the body tub, how on-site drainage or do not match the size of new pipes to the old drain hole - means that the bath should be changed entirely. Now look at the financial side of things. Propose to compare two tables, one of which specifies minimum price for new bathtub, the other - the cost of the enamel. The conclusion is obvious: the old enamel bath will be much cheaper than buying new. After all, it would require just one bank enamel maximum of 300 rubles. The wizard and the restoration of the old bathtub and install a new will cost about the same. In addition to install a new bathroom, it must first buy and bring back, then break down the old plant, which will inevitably entail the replacement of tiles, pipes and other additional costs. Of course, the industrial process of enamelling is different from "home." The production of iron is heated hot tub and the inner surface evenly sprayed powder. Under the influence of temperature it melts and spreads, turning in the enamel.
Monday, August 1, 2011
The choice of towel
You want to replace your iron, heated towel rail shabby for something modern, beautiful and functional. So all the towel, or as they are also called design radiators are divided into water, electrical and combined. What is the design of radiators, we think, to explain to anyone not necessary - the name speaks for itself. This is perhaps the most beautiful space heaters of all. Distinguished by their wide variety of shapes and colors. Their appearance in the Western market is primarily due to the increasing level of requirements for the registration of apartments and offices both in aesthetics and in comfort. As a result, and there was a need for heating devices that would constitute a simultaneous interior elements. The main producers of such appliances - Arbonia, Zehnder, Kermi. In Europe, we can count two dozen companies producing similar products. In Russia we design radiators sold quite a long time, but such broad applications, such as in the west, they have not received. The urgent need for such heating devices Russians feel so far only in the bathrooms. And even its name was given designer radiators - towel warmers. By analogy with the domestic U-shaped radiator, installed many years is in our bathrooms. And now, a person receives a new home, look in the bathroom to have nabivshuyu nauseam arc protruding from the wall and thinks: Yeah, I'm in an old house for many years seen. Must be on something better to replace! And takes an interest in ways to solve this seemingly simple question at first glance.
E-plumber
Scientific and technical progress is omnipresent. Annually, so that there - almost every month there appear many new products designed to simplify our lives. Just got used to fax, modem and other equipment as bats - the mobile phone. Only just barely learned how to use whirlpool baths, like cotton - get a toilet with music or without tank. Will you come, happened, in any office in the toilet - and did not even know how to drain water, how to wash your hands: either you the mother of our mixer ever broken valves or painfully familiar tank. What should I do? Do not ask the same of the first who came "in need", as we all use it. So let us better prepare in advance. About many things we already know, but there is still much to learn. Here, let's, for example, talk about electronics to plumbing. True, a reservation straight away that this invention applies more in public places. But this magazine is designed for anyone who makes or is undergoing renovation. And who said that it is done only at home? However, for home electronics is also nice. Let's start with the electronics of the tap on the sink. Valve body of the mixer looks almost no different from the usual odnorychagovogo. None ... just a lever, "includes" or "turns off" the water and on the body has a small screen. Behind a screen installed infrared sensor with a constant radiation, which reacts to the movement of the hand. And in case there is a "nest" for the batteries, which supplies electronic device.
Building a Russian bathhouse
What Russian does not like to drive fast! What Russian does not love fast warm up ... And indeed, so if the Russian likes a bath, then stepped on it hot - the God commanded. In the bath all subject to one idea - to get a cool pair healthy. In this case, the temperature in the steam room can be very relatively high. A well-chosen tree species, the organization competent ventilation and air circulation in the steam room are also to withdraw the shock that the body receives through touch. Shock - a reaction to high temperature at which all the organs begin to work overload. In small amounts (individually) is only useful: produces adrenaline, included a protective reserve of the organism, strengthens the immune system, there is an intensive cleansing of the body. Therefore, with proper construction - there are no trifles. Every little thing - it is one of the nuances of working on the main idea of ??the sauna - the maximum heating without harmful effects. Many people think that a strong pair - it's only for very healthy people, but for those who have, for example, a diseased heart, it does not fit. You can steam at low temperature in the "strangled" a steam room and load the heart of a healthy person, so that even he gets uncomfortable. Conversely, some time in the hot Russian sauna - not to harm and benefit, but it should take into account the recommendations of doctors. Entering the well-built bath, overheated to a high temperature, a person inhaling the hot air has very pleasant feeling.