Plasterboard became one of the main instruments of shaping the interior. Drywall is generally very good fits in the range of finishing materials for housing. And thanks, primarily, physical and hygienic properties of its main components - gypsum - environmentally friendly material that does not contain toxic inclusions and having a very low background radioactivity. He has pretty good sound absorption, non-flammable, fire-resistant, and more - has a pH close to the acidity of human skin. Plasterboard (plasterboard) absorb surplus moisture from the air and release it when the air is too dry, naturally adjusting microclimate in dwellings. GCR is practically feasible and convenient to use. Enable us to eliminate "wet" processes (such as the imposition of plaster), and hence reduce the complexity and cost of work to get rid of construction debris. Design of the FCL is 3-4 times lighter made of other materials, simple and fast to install (one qualified technician during the day collects up to 60 m2 of plasterboard structures). With the drywall sheets can coat the walls, erecting interior walls and ceilings, to organize teams based on gender. In fact, gypsum is a leaf decoration material with so-called core of gypsum plaster, reinforced with fiberglass. On both sides of the core pasted durable cardboard: 93% - gypsum core, 6% - cardboard layer. The front side plays the role of foundations, fully ready to spray finishes (plaster, wallpaper, paint, ceramic tile, PVC panels). Sheets themselves can be fastened to a finished bottom, either by a special glue, or on a metal frame. Variety GCR - gypsum sheets, which are not veneered cardboard. Gypsum in these sheets reinforced raspushennoy cellulose paper and contains a variety of processing aids for higher hardness and a considerable resistance to open flame. On the Russian market gypsum products are supplied mainly by two large firms - Knauf Gips, "(Russian company German company KNAUF) and Gyproc (England). The most common materials from Russian raw gypsum. Gyproc drywall from more expensive (the price difference is 5-10%), as supplied with plants located in Finland, Poland, Sweden, Denmark and England. Gyproc sheets attached to the frame of the metal sections of the Russian firm "Alyumasvet, and for sealing of joints and, if necessary, applying waterproofing materials manufacturer recommends brands Rigips (England). Plasterboard in wet areas on the market plasterboard can be divided into conventional (FCL) and moisture (GKLV) with additives, which reduce the absorption of moisture. In GKLV water absorption by weight, 2 times smaller. So, if a standard sheet of gains over time 25% moisture, the moisture-resistant - only 10%. Outwardly, these sheets are easy to distinguish the color of cardboard surface: ordinary sheets are finished in gray cardboard, moisture-proof - green. This is the international standard for all manufacturers. And the usual, and water-resistant sheets are available in a special performance - with improved resistance to open flame (or plasterboard and GKLVO; GYPROC company produces fire-resistant sheet GF 15). This means that in case of fire design of these materials as thick as a sheet (12.5 mm) can withstand the onslaught of fire at least 20 minutes. During construction of plasterboard should be aware that performance GCR depend on moisture conditions in the room. Work with gypsum board sheets will be made only after all the "wet" processes (ie, after drying putty, plaster, etc.) when the room is established regular, normal humidity conditions, as in everyday life. In accordance with Russian SNIP II-3-79 normal humidity for homes is 60%. Standard plasterboard is intended for use in dry rooms with normal humidity, it is in normal housing. The kitchen and bathrooms moisture content can reach up to 70% (food), and even up to 90% (bathroom). And although GKLV recommended for just such wetlands as bathroom, toilet or kitchen, a prerequisite of moisture resistant sheet is a device ventilation and protection of the front surface of drywall, for example, waterproofing compounds, water-resistant primers, paints, tiles or coatings of polyvinyl chloride. All work is carried on waterproofing before applying coating materials. The technology of Knauf Gips "greatly facilitates the work: The firm recommends the use of" their "products, ensuring their compatibility with each other. For example, for wall cladding bathroom is proposed to use water-resistant drywall and plaster to GKLV seams Fugenfyuller-hydro. " After drying the filler at the seams the whole surface of the soil was GKLV "Tifengrund, and the surface, which will hit the water and where the moisture can, before the final finish should cover waterproofing" Flehendiht. Naturally, the heavy plumbing fixtures (sinks, faucets, shower holders, etc.) will not be able to hang without a special secure fit. Therefore, even at the stage of assembling the frame to mount it inserts elements - such as metal lath. All the seams between the sheets, the connection of walls to floor, as well as through-holes for the tubes are sealed with sealing tape and waterproofing compounds. By tiling sheets preferably mounted on a frame made of metal profiles (with a width of the shelf not less than 50 mm) increments counters 600 mm, with GKLV assembled in two layers on each side. Need to take care of ventilation in wet rooms - through the ventilation windows or channels through which excess moisture (water vapor) will be displayed outside. The only combustible material in plaster - he board. But because between him and an inner layer of air is not, cardboard is not lit, but only char. Crystals of the inner layer of gypsum contain chemically bound water in an amount of about 17% by weight of the sheet. In case of fire crystals at high temperature decay, and the liberated water prevents the spread of flames. Plasterboard do not allow fire to penetrate the structure located behind them as long as the crystal water will not evaporate completely, and the sheet material starts to deteriorate. All of the GCR are a group of flammability G1 (readily flammable) and group B3 flammability (Moderately flammable). Naturally, it is better to choose the design that would better resist an open flame. This parameter is specified in the documentation that came with each type of lining, in hours and minutes. Thus, coating with a single metal frame and a single layer of plasterboard (12,5 mm) can withstand 30 minutes of an open flame. A similar design, but with two layers of plasterboard, idle "under fire" for an hour. Sheets of gypsum fiber and GVLV have the same fire characteristics as the GCR, and by the criterion of resistance to burning, even surpass them and as a result included in group B1 flammability. Due to this quality gypsum fiber and GVLV most commonly used for cladding of roof space designs on wood or metal frame. All complete systems of Gyproc and Knauf Gips "designed to use standard plasterboard thickness 12,5 mm. Most of the small thickness of the plasterboard is used for special types of work. Gyproc sheets produced for the reconstruction of GN 6 (6 mm) are actually for the repair and modification of existing drywall construction. As a rule, GCR 9,5 mm thick of Knauf Gips "are used to carry out relief surfaces and architectural elements for the repair of already finished designs, as well as the lower layers of the multilayered ceiling and fill the voids and openings. In areas prone to heavy wear, such as corridors, can be used particularly strong, so-called reinforced, sheet GEK 13 thick 12,5 mm of Gyproc. The middle layer of the sheet is made of high density gypsum reinforced with fiberglass, and the outer one is made of laminated cardboard. By the way, for each design (a complete framework) is recommended its allowable height. Say, from a single-layer gypsum can not build a construction height of 10 m - in which case it will have insufficient bending stiffness. The highest is a system of ceiling profiles 60 mm wide with wall fixings (allowable height - 10 m). As for soundproofing, then on its level of influence the depth of the space frame, the existence of separate frames (some of them attached to a wall, a part - to the drywall paneling), the material from which made frame (metal or wood), thickness and weight of a sheet, as well as The number of sheets in the layer. Very good sound insulation of sandwich constructions, but this option requires additional costs for installation of multiple layers of plasterboard. You can install free-standing rack frame - without attachment to the wall (because it is such a rigid attachment becomes a "bridge" through which sound waves pass through the construction.) In this case, the profiling system is mounted only to the floor and to overlap. Thus, we can provide and sound and heat insulation. But here's lining is fixed, puttied and plastered. Is it possible for her something to hang? It is possible, but not by the nail. Need anchors, whose size is selected depending on the thickness of the cladding and weight. For example, the false ceilings of GCR can use special decompresses the plastic plugs accommodate only light weight of less than 6 kg (per 1 m2). Luxury, but a heavy chandelier already have mounted to the ceiling anchors. As for the walls, depending on the type of FCL and its fixing them can accommodate from 2 to 50 kg on a single fastener. In principle, the burden weighing 15-40 kg per 1-meter-long wall to the center of gravity, distance from its lateral edge to a distance of 30 cm can be detected anywhere in the liner using the same anchors. Cupboards or shelves weighing over 15 kg are attached at least two points of plugs for hollow walls. When the thickness of the shell 12.5 mm load capacity of one plastic plug (6 mm) for hollow walls - 20 kg, for the same, but the metal - 30 kg. If you're planning to hang on the walls of the heavy plumbing fixtures, kitchen cabinets, or cantilever shelves, in their places of attachment on the stage of assembling the frame you need to install metal bars, where he will "sit" fasteners - screws and dowels. Note that the traditional rectangular shape our dwellings are increasingly opposed to the free space with a curved and wavy surfaces. Drywall - a material that is perfectly suited for creation of "irregular" geometry. And while it is easily treatable. From GCR-structures can be constructed decorative cupolas, columns of different diameters, and dividing walls of any shape (round, oval, wavy), arches and cornices of various shapes, finally, vaulted ceilings and multilevel. In the manufacture of curved shapes are used mainly plasterboard width not exceeding 600 mm. The minimum bend radius of 12.5 mm thick sheet is about 1000 mm. With decreasing thickness of drywall bending radius is also reduced: for example, at a thickness of 9 mm minimum radius will be equal to 500 mm. Mounted on a curved sheet metal frame, the main elements of which often, especially in ceiling systems, is thread size profiles 60h27 mm. They also pre-bent to the required radius of the formed surface. Curved metal profiles with any (but not less than 5000 mm) radius can be obtained on special quite simple benders. When the device is made of curved surfaces first template on which will be flexing plasterboard. For this, first cut the sidewall template, which subsequently will provide the required bend radius. The radius of the template efficiently run a little smaller than the radius of the formed surface. Next, cut out the spacer plate, the dimensions of which should provide the necessary width of the pattern - slightly less than the sheet itself. Ready-made form is collected using wooden rods and screws. The ends of the sheet clamp, which can play the role of the segments of a suitable rack or the guide profile. Bending sheet require needle roller, which will roll compressible side GCR. In convex forms a rear side, a concave - face. Billet with a punctured "by moistened with water to complete saturation of gypsum core (when the water ceases to soak into the plaster mass). Moist so the workpiece is set on the template and carefully bent to shape. After fixing the sheet in a bent position, such as adhesive tape, it is dried (it is possible without removing the template). Doing a similar operation to all other braces of the structure. Producing small-radius curve elements (100-400 mm), using special, but simple equipment. With it on the back of plasterboard (12,5 mm thick) parallel grooves milled U-or V-shaped (for curved surfaces) of the section. At the same time not damage the front of the cardboard sheet. The distance between the grooves depends on the requirements for the form of bending and the thickness of the cutter. The best way to avoid cracks pages - follow the recommendations of the manufacturer. Simplicity of the same device and mounting of GCR often leads those who have decided to make repairs on their own. Many are taking up self-assembly, but suddenly leaves begin to delaminate from the board, the seams apart. Meanwhile, the success of the work and the quality of the final cover will depend on many factors - even from such "trifles" as a step between the screws that attach leaves to a skeleton. The main defect - a cracking on the surface of the finished lining in the joints between the sheets. In this case you will have to redo all the work, because the interior is hopelessly flawed. To avoid cracks in the butt joints, all work must be carried out at a steady moisture conditions and temperature below 15 ° C. Not allowed docking sheets on racks door or window openings. After all, when you close the door there is a dynamic load on the wall, and eventually into the joints GCR can cause cracks. Very important as the direction and sequence of installation screws for attaching the sheet. Improper fasteners creates tension in the sheet, which subsequently triggers the appearance of cracks. All "qualifying" places are subject to shock loads. Therefore, to protect, say, the exterior angles is necessary to use a metal profile or special reinforced paper. With regard to adhesives, soil and leveling compounds (fillers and plaster), then you can use only those recommended by the manufacturer GCR. Only in this case is guaranteed compatible coatings and the quality of finished designs. Another important point: the storage, installation and maintenance of structures shall take place at the same humidity conditions. After all, if the sheets has long been influenced by high humidity, and mount them in the living room, where the cold season, including central heating, the materials will dry out and crack.
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