Whirlpool baths

Signed word "jacuzzi" sounded in the people somewhere in the early 90's. Since then it has been, and continues for most Russians, a symbol of hard to affordable luxury. True, the situation is gradually changing for the better. Anyway, now very few people do not know what "Jacuzzi" - it's just the name of the Italian firm that produces whirlpools, and that such firm is not alone in the world. Moreover, appeared on the market, domestic producers Vanno massage fonts, so that prices slowly and went on to decline and the number of people having the ability to be water-massages at home has increased. Our baths are equipped with western equipment, though not always look as Europeans, but its function, if done conscientiously perform properly. Massage, relieves stress and fatigue, soothe, or, conversely, invigorate in dire need of such concerns of citizens. In the simplest version of a hydromassage tub is a tub of any shape, size and color (from "sedentary" to mini-pools), equipped with pumps, nozzles 6-8, jets and pneumatic control panel. Nozzles are movable spherical bearings, which allow to change the direction of beating of them fountains of water. These fountains, to be truly curative effect, shall be filled with air bubbles. If the whirlpool system, has only one water pump, special air regulators allow an increase in pressure water jets hitting, but in a very limited extent. The fact that the water supplied under pressure from the pump sucks air from the atmosphere by the same principle as a spray, due to pressure differential flow (method of ejection).

Steel baths

Steel enamelled vannybolee cheaper than cast iron. But it should be noted at once some nasty characteristics of steel tanks: they are much faster than cool water, when filled with water, steel baths strongest link, such as a bucket or trough. To avoid this ringing, I recommend installing and connecting the steel bath, so that it move not because of light weight and very strong connection to the bottom of the leg bath tub, preferably at the bottom of the steel bath to put the columns of bricks or foam, and the remaining gap between the repaired foam, pre-fill a bathtub with water to polyurethane foam (when it hardens and dries, it expands and increases in volume), was unable to raise the bath with respect to the support legs to the floor. Also, the adjacency of the upper edges of the tub to the walls we recommend filling with silicone sealant. Modern steel baths long retain shine and whiteness. Steel baths are very light and unstable, so besides the regular mount for mounting a well has to provide additional fastening on the perimeter. And, in general, steel baths are strong enough and comfortable. Weight of a bath of approximately 25-30 kg, the wall thickness 2,5-3 mm. The service life of enameled steel tubs are 15 or more years. Good bath, say, the German firm Kaldewei "have a wall thickness of 3.5 mm, and therefore they do not ring as much. But because of the price most popular domestic or Czech / Polish steel baths thickness 2.3 mm. They made only a standard form as a trough.

Hanging plumbing

Suspended ceilings are not just. And not only the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. In the early 80's history of development of sanitary ware was marked by the appearance of hanging, or as it is called, the wall plumbing, and its pioneers have toilets. "Suspended miracle" became an alternative to outdoor plumbing. Do not think that innovation has arisen from design delights and quirks. This fashion was influenced by the specific and very prosaic requirements of hygiene, comfort and efficiency. The first of these pieces appeared in the West in public toilets, where hygiene requirements are extremely high. Ten years later, in the 90 years of wall toilets, urinals, bidets, sinks, and successfully moved to a house bathroom. Every housewife knows that the most difficult and problematic to clean the place - around and under the fittings. Suspended models can more quickly and efficiently clean the room. Design of the bathroom with them becomes more refined, elegant and open. You probably have already managed to see an illustration. Look these bathrooms are not quite familiar, they are distinguished by a certain lightness and ease, "floating" effect. Due to the fact that the floor space not occupied by equipment, the space of the room looks more spacious. Very wins tiles, pattern is clearly visible on the floor and walls. Connections are not visible, no rusty pipes, shut-off valves. They are hidden behind the fascia, creating both useful extra space. Siphon Basin semi-closed or half-pedestal, hiding the liner and drain.

Where to install the faucet

Not so long ago was possible only one type of faucet for your bathroom. This is such a unified version - and the bath and sink - with a common long spout that rotates as needed this way and then back again. Who does not know him. And the water it receives through the pipes that run directly on the wall. About how to accommodate the mixer anywhere except the walls were not there before, and speech. Own bath also did not shine - healthy, "the pot" occupies half of the bathroom. That's the whole beauty. See also now on the bath - breathtaking variety of forms, colors and materials. New design solutions require new technological approaches, in particular, with supply and water supply. Now a particular location mixer, bath attendants, as a rule, not by accident. Faucets on the wall with swivel spout and shower heads, both serving and sink and bathtub, still occur. They do not lose their popularity probably because suitable as an ideal to fill a bathtub, and to take a shower while standing. After all, few people can still afford a house and a bath and separate shower. Here, the only requirement - that the bathtub was in the immediate vicinity of the wall, while the other parameters are irrelevant. Previously, the mixer was placed directly over the drain and overflow tub, and now may be anywhere along the perimeter of the tub. But, of course, not everything here depends on the willingness and the possibility of wiring and pipes. If the repair is made from scratch, you will have to reckon with the existing spacing of already retired earlier pipes and install a new faucet in place of removing the old, not changing the location.

How to avoid clogging the toilet tank

New Brilliant flushing tank had a custom "input" to fill with water, so to attach it to the central tube, had to use a flexible hose. This is, if someone suddenly does not know a thin black rubber tube that connects the drain tank to the main water "artery" at home. A month passed. And for some "technical reasons" in the house turned off the hot water. Something common to all disconnected. Yes, just do not think our young guessing that the "pipe break" will bring them such trouble: after turning the water back to the tank was filled more slowly, and then completely stopped. No water, and that's it. While versed in what it had to, sorry for detail, wash the contents of the toilet from a bucket. Call a plumber. After a time he came. Rather zamurzanny. The diagnosis was simple, like a mop: obstruction of flexible hose. Well, who could know that the happy and joyous day when the house include hot water through the pipes (and by "hot" and "cold") merges different crap: for him, "streamed" pieces of rust, green ingrain plaque and some eerie black sludge! And who could imagine that a gentle subtle body flexible connecting hose would break down and clogged? Male, very short-tempered and impulsive young man, earnestly protested occurred. How so? Just put, and that's on you - the obstruction. Fitter said that the work difficult, take time for 2-3 hours, will remove the tank and all screwed over. Asked to pay the proper - 250.

Pipe

Pipes are classified depending on the application for: water pressure, sewer, gas, heating, and for cable, telephone and electrical wires. We will consider those that are directly related to your home plumbing. Pipes made of steel, like zinc, and not cast iron, plastic and ceramics. Separately, you can select stainless steel pipes, which are much longer than other steel pipes, looks pretty nice and do not require additional processing (eg, spraying) during the operation. There is also asbestos and metal pipes. How well the plumbing pipes, largely depends on the material from which they are made, and the quality of the workmanship. The latter continues to be desired. 0B evidenced by the annual summer-spring-autumn and sometimes winter repairs. You can not even leave the house, just look out the window. Vengeance roars excavator, gnawing into frozen ground, can hear cheerful shouts of foremen, tired men, without much enthusiasm to perform ordinary chores. It is - sad and, unfortunately, the inherent lyricism of our public life. But do not let the bad news, let's talk about the kinds of pipes, their features and advantages. Steel pipes So pipe. The most popular and familiar among them are galvanized steel pipes, and I must say, the full law. Steel has been and remains perhaps the hardest industrial material used in large-scale modern industry and for domestic purposes. In addition, we must tell you that further enhances the strength of steel pipes way of cooking. Two methods: welded and seamless.

Acrylic bath

Acrylic bath is a new piece of modern interior. These baths are practical to fully substitute for iron and steel bathtubs and actively gaining our market. Sanitary acrylic is durable and reliable. Acrylic, one of the most hard plastics, has been successfully used in chemical industry, aviation and astronautics. Since the seventies began mass production of acrylic bathtubs. First, these baths have the status of exotic and luxury purchases, mostly because of high prices. But times change, and acrylic bath rapidly enter into our everyday life. They decorate the home and significantly improve quality of life. The advantages of such baths can rate each. Due to the heat insulating properties, in an acrylic bath water cools down just one degree Celsius for half an hour (in a cast-iron one degree for five minutes, the steel even faster). Sanitary acrylic is easy to clean and has a 100% chemical resistance, a bath regularly enough to rinse with warm water and sanitary acrylic prevents the emergence and proliferation of unwanted bacteria. Bath Acrylic is resistant to the appearance of external defects chipping and cracking, gloss acrylic surface does not tarnish with time and is pleasant to the touch. These baths can be produced in various versions, suitable for installation in different circumstances, and their weight does not exceed 15-25 kg, which makes it easy to mount or move and to replace it. The disadvantages of acrylic bathtubs include exposure to scratch (not recommended to wash in the baths of pets, do not use abrasive cleaners, you can not pour boiling water into the tub and soaking are not recommended for long underwear).

How to choose a small flow-through water heater

Happened to my friend this story. On the eve of March 8 decided to make my wife a gift. And he bought the flowing water heater to a favorite on-off time hot water is not tormented with the coxae and woks. Called an electrician, he had to flap a separate power cord. Because the device is powerful enough - 5 kW. In general, showed an enviable activity. The hour has come "X", his wife proudly retired to the bath, and he pleased, to TV - to watch "lethal force". And then ... out of the bathroom - a terrible scream. The essence of the "message", omitting certain words and phrases was: "The water is cold, if I crane disguised so that the water was hot, runs such a weak trickle, I'm all in a lather and freeze. You - man, do something "... "Man" ran the service center. And what do you think he was told? It turns out that if the power flow heaters - 3,5 kW, then more than 3 liters per minute of hot water in any case you do not get. And to take a full, hot showers, need the power of 8 kW and above. Here's a story. What should I do? After all, instantaneous water heaters have successfully sold today, many companies tout their virtues, and they certainly are. Firstly, during a flow-through water heater, how much would you not keep the tap running, hot water will never end. Unlike storage water heaters that have hot water in the tank might end some time, it is quite possible (depending on tank volume), cold water flows. But the instantaneous heater will not happen ever.

Installation of toilet and wash basin

to contact us one of the users of a virtual network with the question: "I'm doing a bathroom renovation and I had offered a master tile and sanitary ware sets another. He offers to install the toilet to do what is the cement pad at the expense of which will securely hold the toilet. I have this option as something embarrassing. Tell me whether there is any more then the options. Yes of course there is. Every toilet in your basement has a hole or two or four (depending on model, or at the discretion of the manufacturer) for further securing it to the floor. Plumbing, reliable quality and reputable manufacturers, as a rule, even at the exit from the factory equipped with the necessary for the operation of valves, seats, etc. including the mounting kit, naturally accompanied by detailed instructions. At that attention should be paid! Screw should be protected against corrosion, otherwise the time at fixing directly to the sanitary ware will appear rusty spots. The set of fasteners, must include the so-called puck out of plastic or polyethylene, which, when tightening the screw will not allow the ceramic to crack. Thread screws should not be too rough this will wrap up its freer and better off if a screw cap as a hexagon, ie, a wrench, not a screwdriver - it's much easier to install. Installation of sink As already mentioned, plumbing reputable manufacturers mounting kit. Much more convenient and practical, if not complete screw and pin (see picture) a diameter of 10 mm or 8 mm.

Tips on choosing water filters

Choosing a filter for many of us becomes a real problem! What should govern, we often can not answer, sometimes the choice is due to the bright advertising, product design, not real good. Meanwhile, the quality of tap water, even in the same city, such as Moscow, in different areas is very different. Of course, we dream of a "filter-universal", which would have cleared the water from all harmful components simultaneously. But what kind of harmful impurities are present it is in our water is unknown. Any water, depending on the source of water consumption: for someone is municipal tap water in the apartment, for others it is water from artesian wells or from wells in the country, someone is using spring water, in each case the water has its own specific . Therefore, filtration equipment, should be selected primarily based on the characteristics of water and the application of the filter. There are requirements SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 of maximum allowable concentrations of elements in the water. Picking vodooochistku, can be guided by how the relevant norms SanPiN and their own desires. For example, people suffering from urolithiasis prefer to drink distilled water, which has no salt, and set filters to completely clear them. A certain quality of water "out" as a result of filtering can be achieved by knowing only what the water was at the entrance "before proceeding. At first, say, on common substances that are present with different concentrations at the entrance and in tap water, and in the well and an artesian well, and in the spring.

How to choose a water heater?

You used to live in comfort and do not want to give up a warm bath at the cottage? Or you tired of problems with disconnecting the hot water in your apartment, you can change and thereby make their lives easier and more enjoyable. To begin with, these problems can be solved with fairly simple and not very expensive equipment - water heaters. Commonly used electric or gas. Somewhat less frequently used solid fuel. There are also heaters that are connected to the boiler, as well as combinations of the above options. All water heaters can be divided into instantaneous and storage (capacitive). Probably the most famous example of all flowing water heater - this is called a geyser. Which water heater is optimal in your environment depends on several factors: whether to use gas or electricity, how much water you need for a comfortable life: is there any room for fairly large water heater, or only put a compact flow-through, is it possible to use more power required for the flow of electric heater? For the correct choice should have an idea about the basic types of heaters, their advantages and disadvantages. Electric instantaneous water heaters in the instantaneous water heaters heat water occurs as it passes through a water heater, and electricity is consumed only during the use of hot water. The main plus of these water heaters - compactness. The downside is that they have a higher electrical power (usually around 6-27 kW). It is clear that the performance of such a device is determined by two factors - the temperature of incoming water and the power of the device itself.

How to filter the water in the apartment

Anna Morozova Do More in a city apartment clean water? Arguments for at least two. Firstly, water for municipal water gets cleaned only on the most dangerous contaminants (and does it with chlorine, which itself is dangerous because of its toxicity). Secondly, utilities care primarily about water quality at the outlet of sewage treatment plants - but passing on the many kilometers Communications, she can get secondary contamination. It turns out, the municipal cleaning - not a panacea, and purify water before drinking to themselves. And cleaning is what. Water consumption with increased stiffness leads to the deposition of salts. Increased manganese content is bad for the bone system. Excess iron leads to diseases of the liver, increases the risk of heart attacks and violates the reproductive function. One can not but thoughtful! In addition, the use of untreated water suffers not only our precious health, but also expensive imported facilities - primarily jacuzzi, spa, and showers. Lime deposits clog the small holes in the jets and shower heads. Calcium and magnesium salts under high temperatures form a scum. And it was the scum of the cause of 90% of water heating equipment breakdowns. Everything is clear: the water should be filtered. Water filters are coarse, fine and bioremediation. Moreover, if the fine filters are "working" on the people, the more coarse filters are needed for a good plumbing. For example, ceramic valves, which are now so popular, are only designed for treated water. "Biological" filters - it is always a complement to already established the fine filter.

How to purify water for drinking?

Do you drink water from the tap? No? And rightly so: the water flowing into our homes, usually require additional treatment. Moreover, untreated water can be poisoned. Ceremony. Or ruin expensive plumbing. Our hair stood on end when we learned that sometimes can be found in the water and what it all leads. Judge for yourself. So, in our water can detect mechanical undissolved particles, sand, mist, rust and colloidal substances lead to accelerated abrasion and plumbing pipes and clog them. Dissolved in water, iron and manganese left in the plumbing rust stains. And in the mouth - the taste of iron. Moreover, iron-manganese water "at first sight" is not defined: from the tap flows outwardly crystal clear water, but on standing or heating, a beloved water becomes yellowish-brown color. Elevated levels of dissolved calcium and magnesium makes water hard. When such water is quite possibly the formation of sludge and whitish stains on the surface of the bath, sink, etc. These salts, which is also known as hardness salts give rise to scale. But if the kettle can clean out the scum, the boiler wall, columns, and pipes for hot water is not so easy to clean. As a result, disrupts the scale of heat transfer and leads to overheating of the heating elements, excessive consumption of electricity and gas. Scale deposit becomes the cause of up to 90% of the accidents of water heaters. Organic matter, residual chlorine, hydrogen sulfide gives water an unpleasant taste, odor and color (the so-called organoleptic characteristics).

Cast iron bathtub

The force of habit, the most popular, as evidenced by sales at the market, are cast-iron enamel bathtub. This is the most common and familiar material from which made virtually all of the old baths of Soviet apartment blocks. It is believed that this is the best option for contemporary bathrooms. Because cast iron bathtubs are resistant to corrosion, quiet, retains heat well (fans soak not need to add hot water). Bath iron inspires respect of its massiveness. Present the same cast iron bathtub more subtle and elegant, often equipped with comfortable handles and screw legs. Most of their vendors French, Spanish and Italian firms. This bath features a high quality. Most of the cast-iron baths in our market is still domestic. Imports are reasonably high quality, made of much thinner iron (thickness 5 mm), and generally looks more elegant. For example, some models of imported cast-iron baths are comfortable handles, screw legs for adjusting the height level, chrome-plated or gold plated fittings, etc. More quality cast iron bathtub be imported, or rather those that produce in France, Spain and Italy. At the bottom of the bath applied anti-slip coating, which protects a person from falling. Some models are equipped with handles on the side walls of the bath. Bath during the installation and connection to the sewer network can be equipped with modern semi-automatic siphon device - tying (drainage - overflow). It is important that the siphon was qualitative in the bathtub is the only item in which water can seep onto the floor, not counting the overflow over the rim of the tub.

Installing the toilet with his hands

Some of our fellow citizens have long been a strong tradition of producing most of the construction and repair works as far as possible with their hands. This applies to the construction of garden shed, and to repair his apartment. Indeed, in order to paste over the walls of his home wallpaper or painted doors, did not necessarily invite a team of painters. However, in the minds of many of our fellow citizens firmly entrenched fear of a sanitary filling our apartment. We are accustomed to in the case of leaking faucet or clogged sewer pipes to send SOS to zhilkontoru and wait for the visit, "Athos". Benefit at the time this visit costing three rubles, or one "liquid currency." But now, when the cost of installing sanitary equipment is approaching the cost of the equipment, it makes sense to think about expanding their repair skills. Let's not razmenivayas small things, start immediately with the serious. With the replacement of the toilet. Feeding & discharge plumbing Communications First understand with the principle of providing sanitary standard apartment. Represent the system as a whole. From the moment water enters to the moment when she leaves our house. First of all - feed pressure water pipes. Typically, they are made of steel. Although in recent times is a growing copper. Copper pipes are much more expensive, but much more durable because they do not rust. Non-galvanized steel pipes are produced, and therefore susceptible to corrosion (the so-called black), and zinc.

How to choose and install car wash

In the commercially available cleaning imported in various sizes and designs. Actually, the type of installation you have two options: sinks, which are cut into the countertop, and putting on a stand-type cover. Washers from Finland, Germany and other distinguished and enviable strength nonweak value: the German cost from $ 55 and almost to infinity, Finnish is even more expensive - from $ 65-70. The same products produced in Turkey are much more cheaper, but are made of thinner material. Cost Turkish wash starts at $ 13-14. Dimensions on tables 45, 50, 60, 80 and 90. There are sinks with two departments - it's convenient, but the cabinet will be twice as much. So if the kitchen is large, then of course ... Faucets domestic production cheapest on the market, plus a free replacement pads in ZhEKe ... worth thinking about. Import is better to buy a ball-type, which is certainly not cheap, but convenient, reliable and practical. About mixers made in Turkey want to warn: strips them virtually none. The store sells pads for "cranes made in Turkey, but it's not really what you need. If you look closely, "special" pads have a curly shape, while those that are sold, cut from sheet rubber, and therefore operate for long. The second disadvantage is that the upper parts of the Turkish mixers have a strange property in some time to fly to the guiding and water while longer to open. In any case, you need to buy to see if there is a sale of spare parts (upper parts, gaskets).

Bathroom. Classics and Contemporaries

Bath, Hot Tub - the ultimate dream tormented heroine of the movie plot, a place of rest the tired hero and a magnet for quiet but no less weary of imitators. What does please us all the modern industry? Consider the options. To begin with, of course, the classic cast-iron tub with an enamel coating. A familiar and the familiar, reliable and virtually eternal, with a mass of indisputable advantages. Firstly, it is almost impossible to break and very difficult to spoil, even using abrasive cleaners or all sorts of chemistry. The service life of cast-iron girlfriend is at least 50 years. Modern bathroom cast at a factory in the form, then it covers the first layer of enamel and leaves to dry in an infrared oven, just like the body of the car after painting. Several layers of enamel anticorrosion coating makes bath durable and easy to clean. Due to its massiveness, it retains heat for a long time, and lie in it for hours, hardly bothering to manipulation of the taps, pouring hot water. It is also necessary to recognize the dignity classic look, elegance and perfection of form. Although the choice of baths and not indulge diversity, but to get the desired size, both domestic imported, much effort will not make, and for a very reasonable price. Of the innovations necessary to pay attention to the special coating from the bottom-slip type inclusions rhombs or slips, various chrome handles and towel. They say that the cast iron bath with Jacuzzi and there are, however, to order and for other costs.

Pipes for heating

For heating systems on the market today offer metal, plastic and metal pipes. In principle, they are all perfect for heating. The main differences between them lie in the peculiarities of installation, the materials of which they are made, as well as durability and price of the pipe. For the device of the heating system may not be suitable all the pipes. For example, pipes that are designed for cold water, can not be used for heating. So the first thing to check with prodavtsaprezhde than buying a pipe - it permissible for a pipe flow temperature reaching 90 ° C. The second important criterion for selection - is the design pressure pipes for heating. After all, if the pressure in the heating system will exceed the allowable value, the tube may rupture, and hot water - fill the room. Unlike the pressure-rise buildings in the heating system of private dwellings are generally small - from 2 to 3 ATM, so for him this option is not critical. The third characteristic - the diameter of the pipe. It is chosen in such a way as to ensure easy connection to the radiators and the boiler. For district heating is also important so-called hydraulic resistance of pipes and the velocity of the hot water in the pipes. Therefore, the question about what to buy diameter pipe, it is better to see a specialist. As mentioned above, the pipes of different materials manufacturing (metal, plastic, PVC). Metal pipes perfectly withstand high pressure, durable and very cheap. They can be constructed in the wall.

How to choose a shower

Shower-column, perhaps the most newfangled phenomenon in the design of shower nozzles and shower set as a whole. He appeared, because a shower or a completely open shower more often does not have any contact with the walls and even located a considerable distance from them. But settling on something right. Here and there was a metal column, inside which there is inflow, and it culminates in a stationary shower nozzle of large diameter, and it can be a variety of geometric shapes. Located at a comfortable level controls the mixer. Sometimes the column is equipped with an additional hand shower. Now in a separate outdoor performance are made in addition to shower columns also taps for baths, and even sinks. Sometimes in this version presents the entire set of water fittings for the bathroom with a corresponding collection of plumbing. Shower rod strongly resembles the familiar version, which until recently was regarded as something hopelessly outdated. Rigid-rod pipe by which water is pumped from the mixer to watering. Today, several modernized form this type of shower heads is one of the most popular and sought after. Typically, this shower system is mounted on the wall, but there are modifications that are intended for free-standing, outdoor version. The elegant bar is crowned with a massive watering large diameter: three-dimensional dome-shaped or almost flat with strong man-made features, round, and in some cases and rectangular. Most manufacturers provide them with a system of protection against the accumulation of lime, so they no longer threatened by the dangers that are often taken out of the failure of their predecessors.

Advanced technology: pumping equipment

Giants of the global industry offering new technical solutions that modernize traditional technologies, industry and construction. The most advanced scientific and technical solutions are implemented in a modern pumping equipment - units with variable frequency drives. Such equipment can significantly reduce power consumption and maximum automation of all production processes. This is especially important in the construction and operation of the "smart" residential and industrial use. Optimization of heating units with electronic speed control shaft can save over 50% of electricity, while remaining efficient and reliable. Such, for example, circulating pumps GRUNDFOS Magna UPE type 2000 series. This seal-less pumps circulation (the system is "wet-rotor") with frequency regulation. Their distinguishing feature is the possibility of scheduling, high reliability, long life. In addition, the unit has an automatic adjustment of settings and configuration options with an infrared remote control. For the consumer, this means that workers can be easily controlled setting, the unit does not require special maintenance, it is economical and, consequently, operating costs are very low. Increasing pressure in water supply networks Owing to the nature of domestic public water supply systems, pressure systems inside buildings, especially tall enough. For a comfortable existence is necessary to compensate for the station cyclic pressure variations in the network, associated with changes in daily consumption, saving set point pressure in the building of permanent.

Stages of evolution and revolution in the manufacture of bathtubs

Cast iron, steel, and finally, acrylic bathtubs - revolutionary stages in the development of sanitary industry. New, advanced materials and technologies - the basis for further evolution in the production of bathtubs. Global stage of evolution in the production of bathrooms - the beginning of the development of chemical industry - production of polymers. XX century gave us a plastic tub - fiberglass, laminate, vinyl plastic, and, of course, from acrylic. Acrylic tubs are now the objects of mass industrial production and confidence from the market replacing plumbing other types of baths. It is acrylic baths in comparison with steel baths have a wide capabilities of design and high performance qualities. Advantages of acrylic baths, more than 30 years ago appeared on the European plumbing market, but over the last decade to subdue and Russia, are known today, perhaps, everything. Akril (synonyms: acrylic glass, PMMA, PMMA) - one of the many types of plastic, referring to the category of thermoplastics - material, capable of heating to a certain temperature, soften and ask them to take shape, and cooling to maintain this form (on what, in fact, and production technology based acrylic baths). In principle, the "shell" bath can be molded from plastics, many belonging to the category of thermoplastics. This can be PVC, polystyrene, ABS and even polyethylene. In finished form is to mount decorative and functional elements (including hydro-massage systems, etc.) to strengthen the fiberglass or polyurethane and properly arrange finished bath.

Types of siphons

Husband of my favorite friends are always grumbling that by marrying, came in fact an Italian family. A big family, represented by four generations - from grandparents to grandchildren, plus a cat finch. They are all active, with its own outlook on life. Defend its position vigorously and uncompromisingly from morning till night. There's adopted family dinners and entertainment together. Not so long ago, looking for him, I got on a dinner, after which all have fun playing in the association. Pronounce the word - and everyone must say that it is associated. I am preoccupied with writing the next article, of course, suggested the word "siphon". Great-grandmother remembered bursting heat asphalt, portly aunt in a white apron, which pours into a glass of flavored syrup is thick and dilutes his gazvodoy. Of the siphon. Grandma told about scarce cans with gas and glass unit in the Iron Braids, especially popular in the country. The younger generation represented by his grandson and granddaughter indignantly said: "We do not have any siphons, which sprays which syrup? Carbonated water in plastic bottles full of every corner in every tent. " And only the Pope realized that I had in mind. And rightly observed: "What does carbonated water? Siphons in our apartment there, and not one, but four. In the bathroom, toilet, kitchen. This is a necessary and important in the household plumbing fixtures. " You probably already guessed that such a siphon, and where, in fact, is it?

Choosing a water heater

Gas and electric water heaters - the advantages and disadvantages. Comfort in an apartment depends on hot water. Unfortunately, local utilities do not always provide this comfort. Gas instantaneous water heaters ("geyser") gas column, perhaps the most famous in our country, a device for individual hot water supply. Nevertheless, it is understood that between the gas pumps, which ustavlivalis in "Stalin" and "Khrushchev," and advanced gas instantaneous water heaters there is a huge difference. Leader in the manufacture of gas instantaneous water heaters (geysers) is a Swedish concern Electrolux. These water heaters are completely safe in operation: safety valve thermocouple override the gas supply if the burner goes off accidentally. Ignition System Heater is fully automated and requires no adjustments, while ensuring complete combustion of natural gas during start-up. Electrolux gas water heater is made from high quality materials (stainless steel, pure electrolytic copper). In these gas water heaters can smoothly adjust the water temperature, and the automation will ensure its permanence, regardless of water pressure drops. The main advantage of the gas cylinder before the electric - it cost (electricity tariffs are higher than for gas). The rest of the gas-flow water heater is virtually identical to the electric consumer properties. Gas water heaters vary in power. If you do not need to use both a shower and, for example, washing dishes in the kitchen is quite suitable heater power 18-19 kW, but if you'd like to use the shower and sink in the kitchen at the same time, it is necessary to power the water heater is 24 kW.

Mixer: ball or ceramic?

If you are used to wash hands with soap, then surely a fan of single lever mixers. A single lever controls and pressure and water temperature. Simple, convenient and hygienic. WHAT IS DIFFERENT FROM MIXER TAP? Usually we do not think about it, and believe these words are synonymous. Clarity makes GOST 19681-94: Crane called the draw device, provides for the receipt of water from water supply and regulation of its cost to consumers. Mixer in addition to what can an ordinary tap, still mixes hot and cold water, and also gives the possibility to regulate its temperature. Cartridge: Ball or ceramic? You are deeply mistaken if you think that stuffing all the faucets are identical. Cartridge is inside the ball or ceramic (composed of tightly fitting ceramic plates). Ball said so in the form of the main structural element - regulating the head, made of stainless steel. Hollow ball with holes and the pin is polished to a shine and firmly planted in the building where the two sides of the brass tubes or flexible connection is served hot and cold water. Inside it, two streams are mixed, and water comes pouring out the average temperature. On the pin handle is attached. When her turn, the ball rotates. With the change of his position change section openings for cold and hot water. To ensure the tightness of the hole sealed cartridge seals. In addition, the ball cartridge has a ring that restricts the rotation angle of the handle in the direction of hot water. This is to prevent the risk of burns and makes it possible to "tune" the mixer under the specific conditions of supply.

Electronic equipment for the bathroom

Scientific and technical progress is omnipresent. Annually, so that there - almost every month there appear many new products designed to simplify our lives. Just got used to fax, modem and other equipment as bats - the mobile phone. Only just barely learned how to use whirlpool baths, like cotton - get a toilet with music or without tank. Will you come, happened, in any office in the toilet - and did not even know how to drain water, how to wash your hands: either you the mother of our mixer ever broken valves or painfully familiar tank. What should I do? Do not ask the same of the first who came "in need", as we all use it. So let us better prepare in advance. About many things we already know, but there is still much to learn. Here, let's, for example, talk about electronics to plumbing. True, a reservation straight away that this invention applies more in public places. But this magazine is designed for anyone who makes or is undergoing renovation. And who said that it is done only at home? However, for home electronics is also nice. Let's start with the electronics of the tap on the sink. Valve body of the mixer looks almost no different from the usual odnorychagovogo. None ... just a lever, "includes" or "turns off" the water and on the body has a small screen. Behind a screen installed infrared sensor with a constant radiation, which reacts to the movement of the hand. And in case there is a "nest" for the batteries, which supplies electronic device.

All of the bath

Bathroom Procedure train the cardiovascular system, strengthen the respiratory system, help to normalize blood pressure, help in the treatment of injuries, dislocations, sprains, kidney disease, the deposition of salts. High temperature speeds up metabolism and beneficial effect on the skin, kills bacteria and fungi. Since then the body is cleansed of toxins and wastes. Bath - a whole philosophy. There are national, "bathing" traditions that allow you to judge the nation that spawned them, and the climate in which this people had a chance to live. But whether it's Roman baths, Turkish "hammams, saunas or our Russian baths, they have one goal - to heat air and steam, and sometimes the water and make steam as possible," easy ". "Lightweight pairs - not just catch phrase, but also a term denoting the maximum dissociated steam water droplets which are as small as possible volume. Ideal - a mixture of air and water at the molecular level. As well extracted "light steam" our ancestors? Russian bath first mention of the Russian banya is a 9.10 Ages, when it was called mov, foam or vlaznya. Represented in a log house with a moss zakonopachennymi slits and been heated "in the black." This means that the oven-stove, which stood directly in the steam room was not equipped with a chimney. All the smoke stayed in the room, walls covered with black soot. Still remain in our country, followers of the "black" baths, and it is not just a whim, doctors confirmed that the smoke contains a special antiseptic substances that destroy bacteria and germs.

WC, where the same without him

First prototype toilet were found during excavations near the coast of Scotland: a small indentation in the stone walls, is connected to the gutters, which is about 5000 years. Ancient civilizations were famous for their sophisticated sewage systems. It is believed that the Chinese more than 2000 thousand years ago, invented the world's first toilet. I wonder what is the direct administration of the premise for the natural needs, or water closet. Arranged in the house, usually behind the bathroom, she vybelivalas lime or carried out in a tree. " Initially, all the "equipment" was a box of bricks. In wealthy homes seats in toilets also were laid brick and later clay stool replace wooden seat. At different times in different nations or a toilet connected to sewage system, or was a kind of "autonomous system", ie capacity, which periodically had to clean up. In the private homes of ancient Greece and Rome were quite common washroom on the second floor, where waste products merged into sewer drains. The interior of the toilet remained extremely austere. And this despite the fact that sewage was still the prerogative of the propertied class. In poorer homes the interior of the toilet did not think at all - there were satisfied with the pots. Widely known fact about the appearance of the first public toilet in ancient Rome. I wonder if that has already been made to trim a room with marble or ceramic tiles. Were not uncommon and decorative painting: in addition to purely utilitarian purpose room toilet was beginning to acquire the art features and individual look.

History bidet

Title bidet comes from the French word "Bidet". French dictionary gives two translations: the first - a child's toy horse, the second - a device for cleaning the. Delicate invention for the ladies. In the fifteenth century to replace the Middle Ages in France from the Italian Renaissance came. Along with him came the long-forgotten ancient rules of hygiene. For a long time to wash it was considered a sin, and dread to think, take a bath almost every three months, and then ... in his underwear. And already then great ladies and gorozhanki were concerned not only about the purity of his soul before the Lord, but also the purity of his body. Then in their bedrooms appeared that now adorns the modern bathrooms. A small tub, narrowed in the middle to make it easier for her to sit down, placed in a wooden frame on four legs. Indeed, very reminiscent of a toy horse ... Water pour water from a jug. The last century. The design remained unchanged until the emergence and widespread adoption of water and sewer system. Its main features, which remain to this day, bidet acquired in the late XIX century. That is, there were draining directly into the sewer, drain, overflow, supply of hot and cold water, and its classic form of the bath on the pedestal is equal to the height toilet, which in principle has remained unchanged to this day. The absence of mixing, however, created certain problems: mixing water required temperature was directly in the tank itself bidet, and there she was taken in the process of washing ...

Installing a shower

Bathroom now become a full room, a place of relaxation and pleasure. It sometimes looks like a plastic cubicle foreign, it breaks the unity of style. So it's time to replace it with the fact that most fully meets the new requirements. Namely, the shower compartment. This is especially vygorozhennoe space, and there were showers. What is the fundamental difference between the compartment of the cab, then the answer may be this: the shower compartment of a closed space is not, does not create private spaces. And anyway, he - the exact opposite of the cab. No standards do not apply. Stoymaterialy main requirement for the material of which is constructed shower compartment - hygroscopicity. Such materials on the market right now quite a lot. Therefore, from a traditional bricks started to refuse. Spread it - it's not an easy task. And the curvilinear forms of it are not lined up. Concrete though allows you to build different configurations, but "too heavy". The walls of these compartments are usually obkladyvaetsya water-resistant tiles or mosaics. The most common material is moisture-resistant drywall. If it is wet, it becomes pliable and at certain skills it can give the necessary form. With the help of gypsum panels can be formed cockpit absolutely any form. Compared with more modern counterparts it is undeniable benefits in one - price. And yet it is more convenient and more durable use of special plastics. Corian and polystyrene foam is moisture and retains heat well.

Construction and installation bath

Baths, steam room and brooms were used by mankind for hygienic and sanitary purposes. Peter the Great was a great admirer of the Russian bath> and did much to enhance the construction of bath houses throughout Russia. Russian bath became popular in western Europe after the victory over Napoleon. In Russia itself, bathhouse and is currently very popular. The most famous baths in Russia - is Sandunovsky and central bathhouse in Moscow. In almost any city in Russia are public baths. In the same villages, especially in Siberia, often every house has its own bath. With the expansion of suburban development in our country, the popularity of private baths are not reduced. So maybe you will be relevant tips and advice on building a sauna. First, you must choose a location for a future bath. From a neighbor's fence is necessary to withdraw not less than 3 meters, so as not to obscure the neighbor's plot. Need to calculate how much area will take a sauna. If you are thinking to build a classic bath, it should consist of the following premises: 1. Steam room, which will house the shelf and oven - stove steam (4-6,5 square meters.) 2. Waiting room or office that will house a shower, wash basin (4-6,5 square meters.) 3. Saloon (usually it comes out here fire door stove - stove) (10-20 square meters.) 4. WC (3-5 square meters.) 5. Storage room for storage of cans, buckets, brooms, etc. (7-10 square meters.) The average area of ??the bath gets about 40 square meters. m. Depending on soil properties, it is decided what type of foundation to build.

The choice of form bath

With the correct choice of the shape and material of the bath (these two concepts are vzaimoopredelyayuschimi) - a pledge not only its aesthetic perfection, but also convenience for the user. After all, it depends on how comfortable and pleasant to use it. Good shape ensures correct placement of the body, which is especially important if you have hydromassage. Let's face it - the choice is. Although the bath stability are in place, the progress of their comfort and design is leaps and bounds. Forms of modern bathrooms can embed them in almost any space and, therefore, freely dispose with the layout of bathrooms. Bath can be located anywhere: freestanding in the middle of the room, adjacent to the wall (to two or three), embedded in the walls, podiums and design of complex configurations, are buried in the floor. Even in particularly difficult cases, you can choose an option. More and more fans win corner baths. Rounded, in the form of a triangle, they leave more room for maneuver, free in the room space for passage. And to any wall, which can be grasped, a stone's throw. Circle, square, ellipse, triangle, polygon ... manufacturers try to cater to the most demanding buyers. And every year there are new models, sometimes quite unexpected forms that open in this new horizons. One would think: well, there is a sale of something broader or deeper, but the parameters of a room over the years do not change. Know that this argument is outdated. Now the bath of the same height and width are much more deep and profound.

Glass space cleanliness

Shower is the space of a bathroom, enclosed shower tray, walls and doors, as well as equipped with shower unit. The main advantage of this facility - the practicality, comfort and economy. Thrifty Germans have long noticed that when using the shower water is spent much less than when taking a bath. In addition, the shower is more hygienic, since the soap and dirt are constantly flushed with running water. Another important detail: any shower takes up much less storage space than a bath, and thus fits perfectly into any decor. Choosing a shower finally decided to buy a shower cabin, you should not run headlong into the nearest store and buy the first ones you like. First, the choice of competing manufacturers in our market is quite large, and secondly, as a variety of configurations and price models - great variety. To date, the Ukrainian market are widely represented products of firms such as Kolo, Pool Spa, Cersanit, Ital Prod, Kabi (Poland), IDO, Novitek (Finland), Huppe, Pharo, Duravit, Aquaform, Duscholux, Keramag (Germany) Ravak, (Czech Republic), Bindu, Porta, Keramac (China), SSWW (Hong Kong), Colpa San (Slovenia), Wilcom (Italy). Choosing a shower, it should be borne in mind that each company produces several series: midrange, average and elite. It is not excluded that in the range of renowned companies you need a model, which belongs to the economy class, with the construction of the middle class of some Asian manufacturer will cost the same. A crucial role in the cost of the cab are materials used in structural elements, design and functionality.

Types of baths

To date, there are various types of baths and saunas. First appeared in the baths of ancient Rome. The so-called terms consisted of several rooms, each of which had its own temperature. Different temperature background supported by ceramic pipes with hot water, installed under the floor and walls. Roughly the same is arranged a Turkish bath - Hamam. Family Japanese bath ofuro acquired its present appearance centuries ago. Ofuro - a wooden barrel made from high quality wood. The water in her heated installed inside the oven in stainless steel. Traditional Russian steam bath and sauna are arranged about the same, and heated wood or electric oven. The air in these baths can be heated to 100 degrees. The only difference is that Finns prefer dry steam, which is easier to carry than wet. Infrared saunas are a little like its predecessors. They first appeared in the apartments of the Japanese, who decided to "tame" infrared heat. In Russia, such booths have appeared recently, about three years ago. From familiar and sauna baths are distinguished by the fact that a certain temperature is maintained in them not familiar to us oven, and special ceramic elements which emit infrared waves. These cabins are widely used in sports centers, beauty salons, health and spa facilities, and finally "arrived" in the apartment. Instructions for use infrared sauna - a small wooden cabin, it can simultaneously be a few people. The walls of the cabin made of pine, birch or lime. Inside there are wooden shelves or benches (their configuration depends on the size of the cabin and the customer's wishes), and a small lamp.

Russian bath

Russian bath - a great tool recovery, the body purifies, strengthens the immune system. Bath beautifully uplifting. Many familiar coming after this wonderful sense of renewal procedures. If you have all the conditions to build a bath on its own site, then it would be foolish not to do. Choose a place first necessary to define the place. Ideal to put a Russian bathhouse on the river bank. Not only close to the water, and at some distance to the spring flooding has not occurred. If you can not build a bathhouse near the lake, then on the plot next to her is to install swimming pool. Another point when choosing a place is the problem of waste water - if the Russian bath will stand on a small hill, to solve it much easier - for sewer tray in this case is sufficiently minimal penetration. Russian bath is necessary to orient the sides of the world. Doors are usually made to the south, and the window - on the western side - in the evening sun will illuminate the room as far as weather permitting. With regard to the size of the Russian bath, they are given at the rate that soared to a few people. The area must be at least 10 square meters. meters. The ceiling is as low to avoid heat loss. The internal layout What is the Russian sauna inside, we all know very well. If the bath is small, then it can consist of a waiting room, steam room, hallway and soap. If there is an opportunity to make it bigger, then the steam bath and soap can be separated, and in addition to the hall is still room for rest.

Types of Russian baths

There is a fundamental confusion in terms of "Russian bath", "sauna", "oven - stove. This is not just terminological, theoretical confusion: people often do not build what they want. Contribute to this and all sorts of "marketers" who to sell your goods are ready to enter the customer's misleading. The benefits of thermal procedures humanity knew the millennium. We will not talk about solar baths, massage, a hot shower, the warm clothes. We will only talk about the baths, that is, on the procedures associated with exposure to warm air. Be enriched by scientific knowledge of school physics textbook: state of the atmosphere characterized by the temperature and relative humidity. Relative humidity varies from 0 to 100%. The air temperature in the bath varies from 30 to 150 ° (or it will not bath). Within these limits, and is the whole wide range of different saunas in the world. People have different heat transfer bath. But a pattern: the higher the humidity, the lower the temperature can sustain. And vice versa: the higher the temperature, the lower the humidity can withstand. In other words, temperature and humidity in the bath have an inverse relationship. Different people like different approach and baths: a warmer and drier, others cooler and wetter. It depends on the constitutional features of the human body. These features across the nation and shape bannuyu culture. Probably not coincidentally in a moist and cold in Finland originated dry and hot saunas, and dry and hot in Turkey - a cool, moist Turkish baths.

How to do without plumbing?

Everything ever had to deal with plumbing. And if they've only got the gasket in the valve, consider yourself lucky. And if changing the tubes? .. Then you have at home running an entire brigade in jackets, glittering sparks of welding, and so not a single day. But most importantly - set steel pipe in a month could again break through, and repeat once more: a team, welding ... But if you decide to abandon the bulky and unreliable steel pipes, such a pattern is not obligatory. Can be abandoned in favor of copper wiring, which is easier to assemble and serve, on average, longer than steel pipes. However, high-quality copper is now extremely rare because of what and copper pipes are not absolutely protected from corrosion. Reliable assurance can be given only pipes made from polymers. It is practically eternal material, it does not change its properties for decades. In addition, thanks to modern technology of polymeric pipes in order easier and easier to install. Once these tubes mounted as copper, using special crimp construction. In this scenario, even at very high-quality installation can not be excluded leaks in places leaky joints. Then, the tubes began to stick together, which is slightly improved reliability of connections, but does not solve the problem radically. And the only polymer welding allowed to make the joints completely sealed. Fitter at the same time uses a soldering iron, which melts the edges of pipes and welds them together (if you then cut the pipe, it is impossible to detect even a hint of a seam).

Country version of the bath

In this article we will consider only version of separate sauna, which is a special building. This solitary structure includes, as a rule, not only steam but also the room where preparing for the procedure, rest and dress. Where to put the most common village bathhouse erected at some distance from home, but it's just some tribute to the tradition. Sauna can be used and extension to dwelling house. Rigid and unambiguous rules, requirements or restrictions to the location and orientation of the sauna on the ground does not exist. There are only a certain set of recommendations based on - the experience of their construction and rationality. If the area is a pond, it is natural to set the sauna on the shore. To avoid flooding it up on stilts or not closer to the 10-15 m slice of water. Place for a sauna is usually chosen a secluded, hidden by trees or shrubs from prying eyes, and the distance from it to the house or outbuildings shall not be less than 5 m. It is reasonable to orient a freestanding bath and around the world - in some cases it makes it easier . So, the door is best done in the southern wall. In winter there is less snow drifts have rarely wield a shovel, and snow in the spring on the south side will melt faster. Window dressing room is recommended to have in the west wall, in this case to illuminate the space will be used as the setting sun. And of course, choosing a location for a sauna, you need to take into account the possibility of summing up her utilities.

Construction bath with his own hands

Recommend that the construction of saunas separately from the house or inside it. In some cases, they are building in an annexe to the house or outbuildings. Place the construction of such structures on the plot is coordinated with the local architecture and construction authorities, fire inspection and sanepidemstantsiey and determined in accordance with the general plan of development of rural community or urban settlement. For the construction of baths or saunas require permission of the executive authority in your area. It is best to build a bath or sauna on the sloping bank of a river, lake, pond, sheltered from the wind the trees. If this is not possible, then on the plot it is desirable to build (subject to availability), Swimming pool depth of 1,5-2,5 m. The gravity drainage of contaminated water bath, a sauna is placed on higher ground. The site area for the construction of baths should be such that it can be placed on the shed and fuel storage and inventory. For lighting, water supply and sewage from the bath is advisable to use existing engineering facilities. The distance between the outermost houses or Combining two adjacent pairs (groups of) buildings (baths) should be 8.10 meters (depending on the fire resistance of buildings). Orient the bath is usually the windows to the west, as the rays of the setting sun, filling the room bath and dressing room create a sense of calm. In rural settings appropriate to build sauna rooms with soap, which can wash clothes and bathe the children and for those who steam room procedures are contraindicated.

Ofuro in Russian

Dream of year-round water procedures under the open sky owners of the house embodied a very original way - next to the outdoor terrace has been installed a large font with an inserted in her wood-burning stove. This all-weather solution is very similar to Japanese bath - a deep soak the whole body in a special wooden font - furako filled with hot, about 45-50 ° C water. Basking in a tub-bath, sitting or reclining, submerged in water up to his chest, so that the heart area is above water level. Called a Japanese bath, as an element of national culture - ofuro. Until recently, this extraordinary ceremony may have been subjected to only in Japan but now we had to sell the Japanese bath. True, true furako in Russia is possible to meet very often. It's a very special product, produced in full accordance with centuries-old tradition of wood of all three species of evergreen Japanese cypress: Kiso Hinoki, Hinoki and Sawara manio. The wood of this wonderful wood has excellent antibacterial properties - poured into furako water does not spoil and does not bloom very long and very font, despite the fact that according to the canons it does not permeate and are not covered, does not darken and lose its original appearance during the entire life - 15-20 years. Font Japanese baths are round, oval, rectangular and square shapes. The form has no special meaning, the main thing that they were comfortable to sit, relax and meditate alone, in pairs or the whole company. Previously, the water in furako heated with hot stones in the fire, which was placed directly into the water.

Stove-samoparka

Our ancestors have long stoked oven, carefully, sparing no firewood. It is only when a massive brick oven accumulated enough heat, and stones in a closed stove glowed white hot, started sweating. Too slowly and thoroughly. Heat from the furnace, and hence the vapor enveloped the body intensively with all parties. In modern terminology, such stoves are accumulating. Now they too are doing, but Masters is getting smaller, and there is no guarantee that the work to get the right quality. Yes, and good like the furnace is at a leisurely lifestyle. Today, the priorities have changed: the overwhelming majority of the furnaces are aggregates of continuous operation. You can steam, bake until the works. Regardless of what she is - an electric or wood. Electric Oven By and large, no electric heater of this section (in the traditional Russian understanding) will not. Nevertheless, a decent result with a good oven to get really. In addition, elektrokamenok has several advantages. In a city flat wood-burning stove just does not deliver, and electrical and managed effectively, and in the wood does not need. Yes, the live fire watch is much nicer than the bulb, but for some reason, by candlelight, we do not live, and prefer to electricity. So there. Thus, the modern furnace (Finnish, Swedish, German and domestic) are designed to address a twofold task: to heat the sauna room in the minimum time that meets the needs of current lover warm up, and obtain a good pair (this requires a sufficiently large amount of stones).

Construction of bathhouses in the country

There is no pleasure rather than relax in the bath in the country: the smell of wood, hot steam, crawl after a gang of ice water: However, if you incorrectly built bath, pleasure can be thoroughly spoiled. To learn how to avoid mistakes during the construction of baths and saunas, we will tell. Let's start with the traditional Russian steam bath, exterior walls are usually erected from roundwood. Recommended for these purposes conifers - spruce, pine, and knows it all. However, not everyone knows that not every pine tree is suitable for the construction of baths, that is, not every tree will do so as long lasting. Bathhouse, which are constructed in the Leningrad region, experienced experts recommend choosing pine and spruce from the northern region, for example, from Karelia. These are trees growing in similar climates, but more slowly than ours, because their wood is more dense. Hence, low levels of moisture content of wood, and besides gaining moisture is also a log to a lesser extent. Of course, you can order and southern pine - a more porous, but then do not be surprised if a year or two lower crown of your bath will start to rot. Optimal diameter logs for the bath 20-25 cm: the finer fraught with heat loss, fat - are cumbersome and inconvenient to install. It is desirable that the logs harvested in winter, when the barrel of a minimum of moisture. All logs for the building is dried and very wet trunks are well dried hard. In addition, we must ensure that the tree was not a lot, which you need to take logs from the middle of the tree trunk: the butt and tip for the construction of baths are not suitable.

Sauna in the apartment

Sauna can be arranged completely in any apartment or cottage. The smallest, commercially available, Finnish saunas have dimensions in terms of not more than 0,8 * 0,8 m. The height of home saunas usually does not exceed 2.1 m. The devices sauna and steam possibly on the balcony, bathroom, pantry, bathroom . Seven times measure, or the benefits of technical computing kabinapredstavlyaet Sauna is a construct of "inverted cup", which is installed on the floor, decorated with ceramic tiles, or - rarely - a tree. Cap floor is usually made of anodized aluminum and is a frame structure. Cap can also be made from a wooden bar, make sure the treated against rot preservatives firm Tikurilla, obstructive moisture between the floor and the wall. Wall construction - usually a two-layer panel with efficient thermal insulation, cladding panels - Lining Class "SUPER" linden, aspen, North American fir, Abacha (South Africa), cedar, pine. Insulation URSA, ISOVER or mineral wool, manufactured at the plant ZapSibgazproma; vapor barrier - aluminum foil thickness 0.068 mm. Walls sometimes produce solid, carefully crafted and polished timber (array), a section of 50 x 100 to 75 x 150 mm, laid in his paw. " Ceiling construction is similar to the walls. The shelves are usually carried out from an African tree Abacha, which has a unique feature - not hot: temperature in the sauna, 90-110 ° C surface temperatures - up to 40 ° C. Supports for the walls of a special design made from Abacha, at least from linden.

Designing baths

When designing baths primarily calculated area of ??the house and individual rooms. To determine the total size is sufficient to know the minimal acceptable standards. Thus, each person should have not less than 1 m2 sauna and changing room 1,3-1,5 m2. If the bath is not combined with other structures, its area must be at least 1 0 m 2, and the ratio of steam rooms, washing and rest rooms - be 1:1,5:2. During the construction of baths for 3-4 people optimal plan dimensions are 3x5 or 3 x 6 m. This is due to the possibility of creating a comfortable space planning. As for the height of ceilings, it is calculated as follows: above the upper-level stone-oven stoves have the upper shelves. Who sits on it the person needs to ensure ease of use a broom, and this should be left up to the ceiling space of not less than 1,1 m. Most often the stones in the furnace are at a level of 1 m, because the most common ceiling height in the steam room is 2,1 m. This value is observed in almost all Finnish sauna, in addition, many experts recommend to stick with it and the construction of Russian baths. The reason is that a decrease in height may be problems with ventilation, while increasing - there are difficulties with heating facilities. There are also certain requirements and to the size of regiments. Optimal width for them is 70 cm (in this case fit on a shelf adult male). The upper bench, as a rule, do already - 40 - 50 cm Recommended height of the top shelf - 105 - 115, see also the size of pay great attention to the regiment.

Of asbestos-cement pipes

First, the Asbestos general. It is a natural mineral, magnesium hydrosilicates. Depending on the impurities and the structure forms a variety - chrysotile, (it's not a typo, not Peridot, namely chrysotile!), or white asbestos and amphibole asbestos. Asbestos was never a radioactive or poisonous touch and close proximity to it is perfectly safe, but inhaling asbestos dust often long hours and should not - in some people with prolonged exposure to high concentrations of asbestos dust may cause malignant tumors in the organs of respiration. No other cancer asbestos does not cause. more active in this against acid amphibole asbestos, so they are forbidden not only to use, but mine. It is because of the remote negative consequences of uncontrolled use of amphibole asbestos in combat ships during the Second World War in Europe and have a reason to negative with respect to any asbestos. chrysotile asbestos fibers, not having resistance to acids, get into the lungs, partially dissolved and partially printed. The half-life - approximately 10 days. For the same fibers of cellulose (a natural vegetable fiber, such as wood dust) during this period thousands of times more. In the future we'll discuss the asbestos products, where asbestos fibers are chemically bonded with cement (packed in a cement matrix) and therefore have quite different properties, they are simply safe. Actually asbestos dust using asbestos materials are released. The use of asbestos in the building from a medical point of view is determined by the hygiene regulations GN 2.1 .2/2.2.2.1.1009-00 approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in 2001.

Drainage

Rainfall in our country - a common phenomenon throughout the year. Excess water adversely affects the plants, significant harm is caused to building foundations and structures, basements and garages are just flooded. Solves this problem by storm water drain (it livnevka, rainwater drainage), which is a whole system of products for the diversion of water and its purification. Powered livnevka quite simple but very effective: in the rain streams flow down from the roof flows over the downpipes, and then enter the elements of a point catchment - storm-water inlets. These products are equipped with filters for removal of debris, as well as built-in siphon. Water is abstracted from the territory of a system of channels ending in sand traps, and then, cleaned, drains into the central sewage system. Well-designed and timely system installed stormwater prevents waterlogging in rainy seasons and stops podtaplivanie foundations. Costs for the acquisition and installation of drainage systems (drainage, drainage) recovered fairly quickly, but the difference is palpable at the first rain. Installing livnevki allows for the collection and drainage of water from the roofs of buildings, roads, sidewalks, lawns. It significantly extends the service life of buildings and structures, reduces the cost of repairs and additional maintenance. Move across the territory, equipped with drainage system - whether it be street, yard, park or garden site - much easier and more enjoyable, and inconvenience caused by unexpected rain or snow melts during the thaw on it are minimized.

Water purification from mechanical impurities

Mechanical water filters are devices that prevent the penetration of foreign mechanical bodies, which are present in tap water in our household network. They should not be confused with the filters for drinking water. These devices are completely different tasks. Mechanical cleaning filter does not protect you from the dissolved chemical elements and compounds and not get rid of bacteria, but will prevent faucets and appliances from premature failure. Typically, the cause of breakdowns of household appliances and fittings in the house - it is the poor quality of tap water. The set is insoluble in it in large quantities of solid particles leads to a rapid deterioration of taps and, hence, to frequent their repair. This is especially true gentle imported bathroom. Choosing the right water filter - it is half the battle. However, this choice should be made depending on the tasks to be solved and, naturally, on the financial capacity. First of all, should decide on what pipe you need to install a filter: horizontally or vertically - not all models of filters can be placed in any position. Regardless of the type of filter, its bulb should be strong enough to withstand water pressure. Flask for hot and cold water are made of different materials. Flask under cold water is made of shockproof synthetic material such as plexiglass, for hot water - made of bronze or reinforced nylon as the bulb should be much stronger. Brass bulb are equally good and hot and cold water. Normal water pressure should not exceed 6 bar, but in our water supply networks often arises unpleasant thing as a hammer - a multiple, a sharp increase in pressure.

Toilets: history and modernity

Gone are the days when most apartments toilet room is a tiny square, half of which was occupied by a massive seat hanging over him cistern toilet today took many homes rightful place. A wealth of opportunities for design registration, the harmony of colors and styles she can compete with any other part of the house or apartment. Special expanse for fantasy gives, of course, a toilet room, room with private bathroom. = The toilet ... the unity of its name to the toilet must Spanish firm, Unity, which at the beginning of last century, established a full-scale production of much needed items for each home. In Spanish, the company name sounds like "Unitas" with the accent on "and". Over time the emphasis was lost If you look at history, we see that quite a while sanitation and hygiene are not too worried about our ancestors: in European cities slops and filth were thrown out of windows on the street, and even at Versailles in the XVIII century palaces and balconies surrounding shrubs are often served a place for the administration of natural needs. WC can be considered the ancestor of the night bowl of porcelain, fed aristocracy in France or the usual chair with a carved hole used for the same purpose in Germany. But the toilet in its traditional sense, like a cup with a cistern, which was first coined Englishman Thomas Krepper. American "crapper" to refer to the toilet derived from the name of its creator. This enterprising Englishman, began as a humble plumber in Chelsea, soon established his own company and within a few years supplied the water-and sanitary equipment Buckingham and Windsor Palace.

Pumps for the country house: what to ask the seller

When purchasing and equipping a country house owner will inevitably face challenges, which require a certain knowledge. Of course, the choice of individual life support systems to help professionals of engineering firms: they would draft and implement the installation of equipment. However, selecting the best project, from both a technical and economic point of view is always the customer. The main characteristics of the pump are the flow and pressure. Consumption - is the amount of delivered water, which is determined by water consumption for domestic purposes and for watering at a time. As a rule, it is measured in liters per second (l / sec) or cubic meters per hour (m3 / h). On average, this setting for a family of 3-4 persons is estimated at 4.2 m3 / h, watering - 1.5 m3/hr. The exact value depends on the number of water-points and the number of people living in the house. Since most of the water in the house for a long time is not delayed, its scope must match the flow of sewage pump, if necessary (if the sewage by gravity can not "get" to the collector or the local sewage treatment plants), domestic waste water pumped. If the unit is also used for pumping rainwater, it should be taken into account and inflows (for the house with the wall of 10x10 meters, he will be around 3 m3 / h). Consumption of circulating pump for the heating system is determined based on the amount of coolant and heat loss, which must be compensated. In this case, the calculation is not the number of people, but on the area of ??the room.

Pipes and their types

Pipes are classified depending on the application for: water pressure, sewer, gas, heating, and for cable, telephone and electrical wires. We will consider those that are directly related to your home plumbing. Pipes made of steel, like zinc, and not cast iron, plastic and ceramics. Separately, you can select stainless steel pipes, which are much longer than other steel pipes, looks pretty nice and do not require additional processing (eg, spraying) during the operation. There is also asbestos and metal pipes. How well the plumbing pipes, largely depends on the material from which they are made, and the quality of the workmanship. The latter continues to be desired. 0B evidenced by the annual summer-spring-autumn and sometimes winter repairs. You can not even leave the house, just look out the window. Vengeance roars excavator, gnawing into frozen ground, can hear cheerful shouts of foremen, tired men, without much enthusiasm to perform ordinary chores. It is - sad and, unfortunately, the inherent lyricism of our public life. But do not let the bad news, let's talk about the kinds of pipes, their features and advantages. Steel pipes So pipe. The most popular and familiar among them are galvanized steel pipes, and I must say, the full law. Steel has been and remains perhaps the hardest industrial material used in large-scale modern industry and for domestic purposes. In addition, we must tell you that further enhances the strength of steel pipes way of cooking. Two methods: welded and seamless.

Drainage of individual houses

There are two groups of water supply schemes of individual residential homes: water supply when connected to a centralized vodosistemam and the establishment of local (decentralized) supply system. The first, more simple, reliable, but not very often we can meet near the country house a centralized water supply system with all the attributes (water treatment plants, pumping stations, etc.). But if you're lucky, and we consider this case. But note that even for one important detail: the main condition under which your holiday home can be installed plumbing - the opportunity exists to discharge and wastewater disinfection. In short, water and sewage are inseparable (in general, should be complete comfort). Water supply schemes in acceding to centralized first thing to attach the house to the street water supply network builder must obtain permission from the organization operating the water supply (usually Industrial management of water and sewer). In the same organization and the developer gets the connection conditions, which indicated the place and the scheme's possible accession (usually the nearest well), the depth of burial, a guaranteed water pressure at the input, etc. Accordingly, in UVKH can order a water seal, or at least get acquainted with the rough estimate for this type of work. If you are after you see numbers going into shock, then we can try to look less serious organization teshey for laying water supply system. And so you can have an idea about the work that will give some recommendations.

Organization of water a cottage or cottages

The organization of water supply cottages or villas from groundwater sources requires the alignment of the complete process chain - from drilling wells to water treatment systems. The initial stage of this process - the definition of water content of your site. There are two basic types of arrangement of water under the earth: "Sandy" - sand and gravel aquifer of the Quaternary and Cretaceous period (sandy), "Limestone" - aquifers of the Carboniferous period. "Sand" depth: Pit 10-15 m, 15-30 m of Quaternary, Cretaceous (nadyurskie) 30-50 pm "Limestone" depth - 30 to 230 meters - are called artesian. In the Moscow region the first artesian horizons occur irregularly: - southbound 30-60 m - northbound 90-180 m - west-east direction of 60-90 m. The large water consumption provide wells with depths ranging from 20 to 200 meters, depending on the groundwater. Surface water in the ordinary wells are not able to cope with the task of providing water consumption to 500 liters per hour. They are reliable for water consumption to 100 liters per hour, but the sanitary quality of well water is naturally very low. Waste from industrial enterprises fall even in the deepest levels of the soil. Nitrates and nitrites, heavy metals, bacterial contamination - the source of many troubles for human health into the body with water. The well on overall costs much more than well, but the risk of getting poor-quality water with proper treatment technologies were minimal. "Sand" wells allow water bungalow house has two points of abstraction - the kitchen faucet and tap for irrigation.

Water redistribution

Anti-basement house and surrounding areas from the destructive action of water is extremely important. After all, this is why about 90% of all damage underground parts of buildings. Excess moisture and bring damage to the plot: neprosyhayuschie puddles, dying plants and trees - are just two of the most visible manifestations of waterlogged soil. Protect the country home and surrounding landscape are called complex systems vodootvede-of, which include drainage facilities and the so-called showers Nevki serving for surface drainage. Often, installing a component of the system are neglected, forgetting that only a combination of all of its elements will allow the owner of the house feel comfortable, because well-organized drainage helps to lower the groundwater level, and livnevka gather moisture drained from the roofs and floodwaters. Drainage for homes begin with the drainage system, hosted vokrugdoma.Etohoti invisible but very important element in creating a durable housing. Together with high-quality waterproofing drainage system will prevent the construction of safe from damage associated with excessive dampness. But among them may be not only damaging the foundation, damp or, worse, a water-filled basements, but warped door frames and window frames, swollen and twisted flooring, damaged load-bearing structures. So save on the unit drainage area may result in substantial costs to the complex and time-consuming repairs. Drainage system - is quite complex engineering structure, intended for the collection and removal of infiltrated-GOVERNMENTAL and groundwater.

Choosing a faucet

Without water life is impossible - a source of water and living in our apartments is the tap. But not just at the tap, and a mixer - a device where cold water is mixed with hot water. So if you're going to buy a new mixer - this article will help you. The design of mixer taps all sorts of designs, there are many, but we will focus on the most common - herringbone, and wall-mounted single lever faucets. The most common design of mixers - a Christmas tree. It represents a combined two-valve bush, among which is the spout (from it and pours water). Adjusts the flow valve or tap. However, the reliability of the mixer is low - especially when using rubber gaskets. It can deform trite from hard water, or wear as a result will not fit tight and water tight. In part, these shortcomings can be compensated for the use of ceramic pads - it is resistant to changes in temperature and chemical resistance of water, but is afraid of a mechanical water pollution. Another type of mixer, single lever - is now very popular. It is simple and reliable. Two spherical surfaces with holes are combined in the right position to adjust the water pressure. These surfaces are both gaskets. Material for the spheres is the plastic or metal-ceramics. Wall mounted rigidly fixed on the water pipes. Adjusting the water temperature is a lever. Also a member of this faucet aerator is - it is designed to generate accurate jet of water at different pressure. Periodically, it requires cleaning. In general, any of these designs can be installed in the kitchen and bathroom.

With the prefix "bio"

If the wastewater treatment must occur in the septic tank, the post-treatment - in various designs and constructions: on the leach field, in soil (sand) filter, biological filter and aeration. They all provide aerobic (with oxygen access) after treatment of wastewater after septic tank. If the first two are the facilities, where waste treatment is carried out in natural conditions, biofilters and aeration - this design, based on the method of treatment in a simulated biological environment. In some cases, however, should be used with the installation of the biofilter or aeration tank? The general answer - when you can not apply the soil after treatment. For example, if a part of high water, cramped conditions (there is no possibility to arrange a leach field) or if, under the requirements of the local authority Rospotrebnadzor banned soil filtration in order to protect groundwater from contamination. And finally, if you aim throughout to keep pace with progress, because today the installation of biological treatment plants are considered the best technical solution in this area. Although the device and the biofilter, aeration tank and apply to systems of biological wastewater treatment, yet they are structurally different from each other, and the degree of purification in them are different. Do not forget that the biofilter - this is not a standalone unit. In front of him must be installed septic tank (or septic camera, if it is a monoblock) for wastewater treatment. Only after passing through the septic tank effluent enter the biofilter, where aerobic conditions are filtered through the feed material that is covered with biofilm formed by colonies of microorganisms.

Model sewage pump-sizer

Sewage tower too far away from where you plan to equip the bathroom, or installation is required below the level of sanitation (such as when placing a shower or toilet in the basement), or you can not lay a sewer pipe of large diameter. Thanks sewage pump shredders, you can install plumbing where you want, without expensive civil works. SFA company revolutionized the market plumbers, releasing pump-chopper, which allows you to equip a bathroom or a bathroom in any part of the building, town house or apartment. At the present time in the Russian market there is a large range of pumps, grinders of different manufacturers. Depending on the model, these units are ground waste and waste water used is pumped up to 100 m horizontally or 10 m vertically, transporting them through a tube of small diameter in a remote sewer or septic tank. Now you can make alterations to the premises without being tied to an existing sewer standpipe. Types of pumps, grinders largest group of pumps, grinders - it pumps connected directly to the toilet. They represent a small box that is mounted in a pedestal toilet, and almost catches eyes. Pumping occurs automatically when the flow of water in the toilet. Sewage fall into the pump, milled, after which they are transported under pressure to sewer or septic pit riser. The whole process of swapping going on a thin (diameter of 23 mm to 32 mm) pipe, which is hidden in the wall behind the drywall, cleaned under a false ceiling or a concrete floor poured in the floor.

Decompression device

In our country the decompression device in water supply systems were used until recently only at industrial sites. Today, the use of these devices are actually outside the industrial sphere, for example, in connection with the active construction of tall buildings. It should also be noted that in Western Europe, the pressure reducing devices have long been used in the private sector is also in order to save water. For Russia, this quality is not a matter of principle, but having a number of other useful features, called the device is quite worthy of acquaintance with them. Review of designs: Devices, referred to in this article are divided into the pressure reducing valve and pressure regulators. And they both perform basically the same function - limit is too high supply pressure, maintain a constant pressure in the system, contribute to saving water and reducing noise from the stream. Differences, for example, include the fact that all the valve parts decompression combined into one compact system, a pressure regulator may consist of two or more components. Pressure reducing valve without pressure compensation to include simple decompression device is a pressure reducing valve, without compensation to the inlet pressure. It consists of a "spring (1) / membrane (2), the fixed valve seat 3 and the movable valve disc 4. When selecting the water pressure at the outlet decreases, and with it falls and developed a membrane stress. Arises when this imbalance causes the diaphragm and the spring valve to open.

Ctochnye water drainage and disposal

A simple solution to this problem, of course, is use of resources the city's main sewer, where you can organize the discharge of water. And what do you do when the house is far gorodom7 answer is obvious - to build an autonomous system of waste disposal that will not harm the environment and, indeed, the inhabitants of the house. Despite the large number of projects and design solutions, all basically boils down to three schemes - the temporary isolation of wastewater followed by removal (so-called. Cesspool), two-step diynoy feasability of using the natural processes of decay and deep intensified aerobic treatment. You choose. Out of sight for many cesspool - the usual solution to the problem. It is a sealed container where waste water is discharged from home. They siphon off as you fill the hole. It should be noted that the use of tanks without a bottom with a filtration is prohibited. This twisted individual sewage suitable only if the daily discharge of waste water of less than 1 m3 (SNIP 02/04/2003 - 85 § 3.9). It is not suitable for town houses with a comfortable water supply, where the daily water consumption is much greater. Drives appropriate design in the form of wells. To make the most of their volume, supply wastewater is as high as possible. Bottom of the pit should be no deeper than 3 meters above the ground (for the possibility of sampling wastewater sewer machine). Such a sump constructed of precast concrete rings, solid concrete or solid clay bricks, with indoor and outdoor (if groundwater) waterproofing.

Purification of water for water supply system a country house

As a general rule, the water enters the house or from village water supply, either from the well. If the water supply system provides an acceptable quality of water (be sure to make the analysis of water entering the water system of your cabin), the principles of water treatment are similar to those for water rent. unprepared water (water from well) requires a more thorough cleaning. If follow the path of water from the source, it turns out that her fall groundwater, precipitation, passed through a layer of soil. On the one hand, the soil - a good mechanical filter and retains the insoluble particles. And on the other, the water percolate through the soil dissolves many harmful health materials - fertilizer, heavy metals, pesticides, etc. The result is that the spring water near the industrial cities of not so clean. It can be used without deep cleaning water only tested artesian springs, as in the soil above the artesian layer is a waterproof layer. He does not mix with groundwater artesian. The composition of water in these wells is almost unchanged with time. But even the water from artesian wells requires the removal of dissolved salts, hardness and iron, which is typical for the suburbs. Because large volume of water consumed water purification filters for houses need high-performance and easy integration of household filters with replaceable cartridges, used to purify water from the municipal water supply, would make water too expensive. Today, the main trend of water treatment systems for autonomous water supply - the use of water purification and replacement renewable reagents.

Corian: the scope of application

Corian for us - a completely new material. And it's just surprising, given that the company DuPont "(DuPont) invented it in the middle of last century, and today it is literally a mass application, and each of us surely have seen him. Just do not rush to deny: that the first time we see the first time we hear. If you have been to McDonald's, you know, all tops there are made of Corian. If you do not even edali hamburger, you have probably visited a dentist, and therefore, it is likely that flaunts Corian in your mouth - it was out of it make a seal. Application. Corian so rapidly enters our life, if only to enumerate all its scope, get the impressive list. In an apartment or office thereof may literally everything: walls, floor, ceiling, doors, chairs, cabinets, lockers, desks and countertops, all kinds of fittings, light switches, TV cabinet and a computer, lamps, candlesticks, vases. Stairs, columns, fireplaces Corian obtained are great. But more often, of course, from this material do countertops. Very nice, plus a practical and hygienic. Mistresses like another book of Corian sinks. Moreover, the kitchen and bathroom in general can be made entirely of Corian. From what he's done. Corian - is a composite consisting of mineral fillers, color pigments and a binder - acrylic resin. As a mineral filler used aluminum trihydrate - white powder, a component of white clay. The same one used to make high-quality porcelain. Pigments - the so-called food-grade minerals - give the color of clear acrylic resin.

How to save heat and money

Andrei Ivanov We live in a cold country - is a geographical factor that can not escape. And eat a lot of heat. For heating of residential and industrial buildings, in industrial processes. The trouble is that most of the heat produced is used inefficiently. Cheap heat developed the habit of not saving it. Today teplosberezheniya was pressing energy and economic challenge. In its decision, there are two sides - taking into account the real consumption and optimize the use of heat. Thermal energy is absorbed by one or another object (a building), is calculated as a function of flow rate, temperature and pressure coolant flow and return heating system at the boundary of the object. Therefore, the heat meter, in general, consists of two meters (one - in the flow, the other - on the return), two temperature sensors, as well as teplovychislitelya. At sites with high thermal loads are applied more and pressure sensors. Also to computational heat meter can connect one or more additional meters (water meters) to measure and record parameters of cold and / or hot water. There are also heat meters, providing accounting through several heat input, ie, for several pairs of "pitcher - the return pipe. Depending on their constituent flow, heat meters can be tach, vortex, ultrasonic, electromagnetic, and the like. Comparative characteristics of various types of flow meters flowmeter type flowmeter diameter nominal bore, mm Range of measured spending, m3 / h Max. Water temperature, ° C Operating pressure, MPa Max.

Jade - Imperial stone sauna and bath!

Jade has hitherto been little known in Russia as well as deposits of jade in our country are not prepared, and the procurement of semi-precious stones overseas government did not exercise. Jadeite or jade (jadeite, jade) - jewelry and gemstone predominantly green color of various shades from almost white to dark green, translucent in the plates. In the East believe in the mystical powers of this stone. Products made of jade, which are in close proximity to humans, bring him health and are beneficial to him, believed the Chinese. It is believed that if an accident occurs, jade is broken, saving lives and health of its owner. In China, for many hundreds of years, jade could afford only high-level know. He was considered a forerunner of all precious stones, symbolizing the five major virtues: charity, modesty, courage, justice and wisdom. Chinese and Japanese emperors were of jadeite jewelry, sleeping on a bed of jade and jadeite were fed from the liquid. Than jade stones are better than others for saunas? 1. Jade - the only semi-precious stone set of properties that allow its use for a sauna, 2. The combination of the highest coefficient of strength and tensile strength with minimal low rate of water absorption makes the stone is absolutely safe to use in your sauna, 3. Jade, possessing a very high density and low thermal conductivity at the same time, gives the maximum thermal returns for a long time. It helps as long as the preservation of "light-pair 4. According to scientific developments in the field of gems-(litho) therapy jade, the stone-stabilizer has concentrated positive energy impact on the person: it strengthens the nervous system, balances blood pressure, soften blood vessels, improves blood, enhances male potency, treating kidney disease and urinary tract.

"The Sun" in a city apartment

Daria Afonin In our hectic age, few people can distinguish a couple of her watch on the ritual trip to the bath or sauna. Mountain came to Mohammed, home saunas are no longer perceived as "the eighth wonder of the world." This is not a technique, as they say, has come, and we ourselves have gone so far that hover just want to bone in his apartment. With traditional Finnish saunas everything is simple and understandable, but how to relate to such know-how, as an infrared cabin? Bannaya History Today, there are various types of baths and saunas. first appeared in the baths of ancient Rome. The so-called terms consisted of several rooms, each of which had its own temperature. Different temperature background supported by ceramic pipes with hot water, installed under the floor and walls. Roughly the same is arranged a Turkish bath - Hamam. Family Japanese bath ofuro acquired its present appearance for many centuries ago. Ofuro - a wooden barrel made from high quality wood. The water in her heated installed inside the oven in stainless steel. The traditional Russian steam bath and sauna are arranged about the same, and are heated with wood or electric oven. The air in these baths can be heated to 100 degrees. The only difference is that Finns prefer dry steam, which is easier to carry than wet. Infrared Saunas little like its predecessors. They first appeared in the apartments of the Japanese, who decided to "tame" infrared heat. In Russia, such booths have appeared recently, some three years ago.

Delicate equipment

Today, the market has everything to make your bathroom the most comfortable and elegant, making it from the toilet is just decoration apartment. Toilets, bidets, washbasins and urinals (which are specialists combine the general concept of Sunken ramika) presented in a huge assortment, and to choose the move is not so simple. The main role of this group is the toilet - starts with equipping bathrooms and under it matched the rest. They are so different regardless of brand and price range, all toilets are grouped into several technical and design parameters, one of which is the type of discharge (release), ie, a way to connect to drain. outflow can be vertical (the ground), horizontal or oblique (the wall). What type you need depends because, as in the bathroom is located drain hole. If the sewage is derived from the floor (as in the homes of old buildings, up to 60 x years), your only toilet bowl with vertical outflow. Since this type of discharge is seldom applied, the range of the toilet is quite limited. It's mainly products manufacturers post-Soviet space in modern homes withdrawal sanitation are most often in the risers. In this case, you need to buy toilet horizontal or oblique release. With the help of special transitional nozzle such models are connected to any sewer risers. Mass segment Departments plumbers building supermarkets are filled with the most varied of industrial production, and often the price of similar at first glance, different toilet several times. What did we pay?

Options for hot water

Andrei Ivanov, a modern house is unthinkable without hot water. If the warm season, the need for heating fades into the background, the need for hot water does not disappear throughout the year. It is difficult to provide a comfortable life if you can not wash dishes, wash and take a shower. It is obvious that in the absence of centralized hot water supply, use special equipment. For this purpose designed water heaters (instantaneous and cumulative), which by the way the installation can be: - self-contained - built into the design of individual boiler heating system. The choice of the modern water heating equipment is wide enough. Pros and cons are of each type, so the task of the user - to find the most acceptable option to refer not only to their own needs, but also taking into account the peculiarities of the infrastructure where they live. You should know that there are certain limitations that affect product selection. Depending on the type of energy source, stand-alone devices for hot water can be electric or run on gas. It is obvious that the installation of gas water heater is most appropriate in the case of connection to the central line (there are models that run on gas balloon, but their operational cost is high enough). If the "blue fuel" is absent, the choice made in favor of electrical equipment. In addition to these critical conditions, there are still a number of factors upon which to some extent will depend on rational choice of water heating equipment.