How to purify water for drinking?

Do you drink water from the tap? No? And rightly so: the water flowing into our homes, usually require additional treatment. Moreover, untreated water can be poisoned. Ceremony. Or ruin expensive plumbing. Our hair stood on end when we learned that sometimes can be found in the water and what it all leads. Judge for yourself. So, in our water can detect mechanical undissolved particles, sand, mist, rust and colloidal substances lead to accelerated abrasion and plumbing pipes and clog them. Dissolved in water, iron and manganese left in the plumbing rust stains. And in the mouth - the taste of iron. Moreover, iron-manganese water "at first sight" is not defined: from the tap flows outwardly crystal clear water, but on standing or heating, a beloved water becomes yellowish-brown color. Elevated levels of dissolved calcium and magnesium makes water hard. When such water is quite possibly the formation of sludge and whitish stains on the surface of the bath, sink, etc. These salts, which is also known as hardness salts give rise to scale. But if the kettle can clean out the scum, the boiler wall, columns, and pipes for hot water is not so easy to clean. As a result, disrupts the scale of heat transfer and leads to overheating of the heating elements, excessive consumption of electricity and gas. Scale deposit becomes the cause of up to 90% of the accidents of water heaters. Organic matter, residual chlorine, hydrogen sulfide gives water an unpleasant taste, odor and color (the so-called organoleptic characteristics). Some live in the untreated water microbes and bacteria may pose a threat to human health and life. Moreover, even the relatively safe bacteria in the process of life from the organic matter, which not only affect the organoleptic characteristics of water, but can enter into chemical reactions (eg, chlorine) and to form toxic and carcinogenic compounds. Can you imagine? Moreover, it appears, it is not an exhaustive list of problems with water. And what do you do? As the saying goes, peace, only peace. All of these troubles can be avoided. For example, with water treatment systems. For residential buildings there is a typical water treatment scheme. The composition of such a system include: sediment filter, iron removal filter, filter-softener, solerastvoritel tank, carbon filter, ultraviolet sterilizer, and the system for drinking water. Consider, for which this system was designed. Sediment filters are needed for water purification by mechanical particles, sand, sediment, rust and colloidal substances. To remove relatively large particles (more than 20-50 microns) used mesh or disc filters, coarse filters. But they have one drawback, experts say - a relatively low contaminant capacity. Therefore, if the water is heavily polluted, such filters need to be cleaned. And quite often. As the filter medium used here, mostly dehydrated aluminosilicate. And for more fine filter (5 to 20 microns) are used backfilling of special ceramics, for example, Makrolite. Filters obezzhelezivateli. Filters of this class are mainly intended to remove water dissolved in it of iron and manganese. As filter media, various substances containing manganese dioxide (Birm, Filox, Greensand, etc.). Manganese dioxide is a catalyst for oxidation reactions in which dissolved iron and / or manganese transformed into an insoluble form and precipitate. This sediment layer is retained in the filter medium and then washed into the drainage for washing. In addition, during the oxidation of iron and manganese are some filters effectively remove even dissolved in water and hydrogen sulfide. Some of the filter media requires regeneration (ie recovery) with potassium permanganate. Filters-Softeners are designed to reduce water hardness. They use special backfill, whereby the water partially removes iron, manganese, nitrates, nitrites, sulfates, salts of heavy metals and organic compounds. These filters need regeneration brine, so equipped with a special pot for cooking regenerating solution (so-called salt tank). Carbon filters. Activated charcoal has long been used in water treatment to improve the organoleptic characteristics of water (that is, to remove foreign taste, odor, color). Due to the high adsorption capacity of these filters absorb the residual chlorine, dissolved gases, organic compounds. But, as experts say, because of the coal organic matter is difficult to deduce why can volley discharges of pollutants in water. To avoid this, you need to periodically change the filling of the activated carbon. By the way, to increase the service life of the filter used activated carbon from coconut shell. Moreover, its adsorption capacity already 4 times higher than that of coal, obtained by traditional methods (from birch). And yet. For combating biological overgrowing apply special coals with so-called bacteriostatic additives. Ultraviolet sterilizers. This, as it turned out, the most common method of dealing with bacteriological contamination (ie, presence in water of germs and bacteria). In essence, cleaning occurs by irradiating water with ultraviolet light. Such processing ensures an almost complete sterilization of water. Sterilized water with special ultraviolet lamps mounted in a hard case, inside of which the water flows. But that's not all. Let's see how to make the water became perfectly safe to drink. Systems for potable water Currently, the most advanced training system called reverse osmosis drinking water systems. The water in them passes through the cartridge and a semipermeable membrane, free from dissolved salts, solids and bacteria. And in the cleaning process does not use any chemicals. Purification of clean drinking water is obtained with good taste, with properties close to the glacial melt water. It is this water is considered safe for most people. The degree of purification - 98-99%. Established such a system, usually in the kitchen and are only used for drinking water. Systems are mounted under the sink, where they are provided with all necessary fittings for tie-in to cold water line. For clean water separate tap. So - delicious water to you, dear readers! And good osmosis.