How to dress up the windows

Vitaly Lions Window bars for the past several centuries are mandatory dress code for windows, cabinets, stained glass windows that are within reach of people. In the window bars wrought combines lightness and transparency, with extraordinary strength and reliability. Surrounding world, through a thin cobweb lace wrought certainly will seem more beautiful than through the bars welded, even the best quality and beautiful lattice. Forged grating your mansion in the countryside, in harmony with the figure gates, fences, balcony railings and landscape elements will create a unique style, characteristic only of your estate. And looking at these works of art your friends, colleagues and neighbors are puzzled by the question: "How can you achieve such lightness, beauty and lightness of heavy metal?". And at the same time, this fine ensemble leaves no doubt that your house - it's your castle. How to choose a lattice on the window bars on the windows of many houses often resemble prisons. For owners of such buildings importantly - reliably protect home from unwanted intrusion through a window. They were unaware that secure the apartment can be not only reliable but also beautiful bars. The easiest way to get useful information from neighbors, friends or acquaintances, recently installed a beautiful and reliable grid in the window. But on the other hand, everyday tips - one, a conversation with an expert - is quite another. Talk to knowledgeable people can be in the company, which has yet to extract from the flow of advertising placed in a special building publications. A trip to the company - the best way to ensure integrity advertiser. In companies with extensive practical experience customer service worked out: in addition to the catalog with samples of window lattices and price, they tend to offer the customer to visit their exhibition stands and on-site to assess the quality of welding the individual elements of the lattice. Here you can discuss with a specialist and design and reliability of painting the finished product, choose the profile for the grating. Window bars on the method of fixation may be fixed (not operable), swinging (with the opening of one or two doors), sliding (produced according to the type of pantograph - a sliding hinged parallelogram) and removable (Fireplace units are mounted in the doorway, framing grid attached to a wall on the screw-bolt ). Here are just right to consult with a specialist. Most reliable on the protective properties of the lattice are fixed, but in case of force majeure (fire, etc.) the evacuation through windows with the grids becomes impossible. It is therefore to be, at least, one grill in the apartment or house to swing with internal padlock or mortise lock. Sliding grill, of course, can do a good service in an emergency. But it has significant drawbacks: it is made of riveted movable crosswise strips, and this somewhat reduces its stiffness and protective properties, and some types of sliding lattices are attached just inside the building. Having defined the type of attachment, you must decide from which the profile will be made grid: from the rod (elongated metal semi-finished, round, hexagonal, rectangular, less trapezoidal, or oval cross-section segment), square (metallic semifinished square), strip (semi-finished metal with rectangular cross-section) or a combined profile. Lattice of square rods and stronger than the band, because their manufacturing steel profiles with a diameter of 12 to 20 mm (bar) and a section of 12x12, 14x14, 16x16 mm (square). But the lattice of the strips are cheaper. Having defined the profile, select a pattern. It all depends on taste and financial possibilities of the customer. The most aesthetically pleasing look of a square lattice and the rod. But the strip that are less instances of art, though here much depends on the master and the imagination of the customer. It should be borne in mind that a grid of bands are very difficult to make symmetric, if the image is composed of repetitive elements. Therefore, if you all respect the accuracy, the book is better combined lattice, for example, from a strip or bar. Then the master will be able to adjust the picture on the set sizes. True, in this scenario the order will be slightly more expensive. Gather for a lattice pattern and can according to the sketch of the customer, the master may choose to accommodate in that case, for example, if the customer likes a particular piece of a sample, and the rest of the songs he asked to collect from the other parts. The price for such work will also increase. The majority of window guards is classified as welded. But there is also the concept of "forged bars." Elements of their picture made way hot or cold forging, and when building is used all the same welding. Basic material - a square or a rod. These grilles - for customers who have sufficient means and artistic taste. The pattern of these lattices reminds finest lace. What color are the lattice - to solve customer. Range of painting materials for today is very high. Antique bronze, antique silver, gold, clear, green paint, black, etc. What kind of helmet to choose - tells the specialist. Color should be done with pre-primed metal - to avoid corrosion. Installation of gratings can be implemented in two ways: - in the ends of the window opening (outside of the frame or between frames) - vnakladku on the window opening. Finally, it is better not to make measurements on their own, and to entrust this critical moment a specialist (at least, because dimensions are removed, depending on installation). Types of gratings to protect windows from intruders, we offer several types of our products: deaf, folding and sliding window grates. These types of grids can be made from various kinds of metal: a smooth round bar, square bar. Edging the opening is made from a corner or rectangular profile. Deaf window grille fixed (not operable). This lattice has a fixed frame rigidly fixed to the window opening, by means of metal rods with a diameter of 10-12 mm or anchor bolts of the same size, filled with a certain type of interlacing bars, called the figure. Hinged window grille This grille has two frames, one fixed, rigidly fixed to the window opening, and other connections with it through the loop sheds filled with a certain type of picture. Committing working shutters made by attachment or a dead lock. I note that for organizations wishing to establish a grid in places where people work only fit this kind of window bars, such requirement is a legally, and in normal flat they will not be a hindrance. Imagine a situation - fire, not even you, as neighbors, the stairwell in the smoke in the fire go out in the usual way is problematic - it is dangerous to life, one way out - the window, and then a blank grid ... make your conclusions. Sliding Window Grilles This lattice has a rigidly fixed to the opening frame and the movable part, made as a pantograph. This type of grating can be used not only to protect windows, but also to protect doorways, as different partitions. Sliding lattice folded occupies about 25% of the width of the opening, provided that the width of not less than 1300 mm. If the gap smaller when folded may take up to 35%. Lattice can be folded in one direction, and in two. Possible to produce gratings with retractable - folding threshold, which is convenient for the passage of trucks with cargo. If you want to save the full size of the opening, we can produce a lattice in which the collected part is removed from the plane of the opening in one or two sides of the wall. Sliding grill, of course, can do a good service in an emergency. But it has significant drawbacks: it is made of riveted movable crosswise strips, and this somewhat reduces its stiffness and protective properties, and some types of sliding lattices are attached just inside the building. Having defined the type of attachment, you must decide from which the profile will be made grid: from the rod (elongated metal semi-finished, round, hexagonal, rectangular, less trapezoidal, or oval cross-section segment), square (metallic semifinished square), strip (semi-finished metal with rectangular cross-section) or a combined profile. Lattice of square rods and stronger than the band, because their manufacturing steel profiles with a diameter of 12 to 20 mm (bar) and a section of 12x12, 14x14, 16x16 mm (square). But the lattice of the strips are cheaper. Having defined the profile, select a pattern. It all depends on taste and financial possibilities of the customer. The most aesthetically pleasing look of a square lattice and the rod. But the strip that are less instances of art, though here much depends on the master and the imagination of the customer. It should be borne in mind that a grid of bands are very difficult to make symmetric, if the image is composed of repetitive elements. Therefore, if you all respect the accuracy, the book is better combined lattice, for example, from a strip or bar. Then the master will be able to adjust the picture on the set sizes. True, in this scenario the order will be slightly more expensive. Gather for a lattice pattern and can according to the sketch of the customer, the master may choose to accommodate in that case, for example, if the customer likes a particular piece of a sample, and the rest of the songs he asked to collect from the other parts. The price for such work will also increase. The first glass facades necessarily includes framing bindings of steel or aluminum for the perimeter of the glass, which in many cases, asking them hard rhythm, destroying a large form, imposes a "discrete" pure geometry of architectural volumes. Around the end of the 60-ies was tested besperepletnogo structural glazing system with gluing seams between panels with special sealants based on silicone. Besperepletnoe decision facades have been enthusiastically received by architects, particularly schools, "high-tech, according to the settings that maximize the architecture has to demonstrate possibilities of high technology and to maintain the contrast between nature and man-made works of architects. However, in the first works of this style was used for single-layer laminated glass surface shopwindow glass facade and structural system were "separate". This further created, except to reduce the effect of transparency design problems cleaning facade system from within. Glass should have been spread in the space of 60-70 cm Subsequent development of technologies with energy-efficient window glazing of Low-E glass has set the creators of the challenge of implementing structural facades besperepletnyh systems on the basis of a series of translucent enclosures. Currently, most of the known systems, this problem can be solved with the use of double-glazed windows of tempered glass with special ribs and trim, which complicates the technology of glass. Mounting translucent construction to joists front structure is produced, usually by bolting with glass, which requires special accuracy during assembly, and correspondingly complex installation tools and highly qualified installers. These features of the whole define the relatively high cost of common types of structural glazing. In addition, some of the technologies of glass, such as Heat Mirror ™ with internal heat reflecting membrane tension, as well as double-glazed windows with argon-filled proved unsuitable for through-drilling is needed in technology with bolt-on. Building on the achievement of aluminum structural glazing systems in terms of performance joints of silicone sealants, in Belgium in the 90 years the system was established in May S (full name of the "Concept 5 Synergy"), developed and produced by "Atellier du Verre". This system is a new step in improving technological and architectural expression of buildings based on similar technologies. The inventors of the system 5 S - brothers Ganji, an architect and engineer. Thanks to this combination of professional developers, system combines the architectural elegance and high variability with precision engineering and industrial adaptability sborki.5 S - is any of the complexity of the architecture and maximum ease of installation. The main element of 5 S is the so-called cartridge, consisting of glass, which with the help of a special double-sided mounting tape pasted on the reverse side of the perimeter of the shaped steel frame. Profile steel frame ensures its function "catch", just orienting windows during installation in the design position. Frame-latch is pressed against the issues of load-bearing frame or structure a "spider" point mounting pressure bolts. After sealing the seams special silicone sealant company Dow Corning construction of the glass becomes a "monolithic" and provides the necessary stability and strength, as well as structural integrity of the facade. Due to the fact that the 5 S system can be used by windows without drilling holes in glass, requirements for mandatory use of tempered glass is eliminated. Especially technologically and economically efficient system for the 5 S glass technology "Thermal Mirror ™". Due to the above-described "cartridge" manufactured in a production environment, even large-size windows reliably transported to the construction site. And most importantly - the simplest way to provide high accuracy and, accordingly, the speed of installation. Labour productivity in the performance of structural glazing is increased by 2-3 times. In addition, the possibility of replacing the cartridge in the case of destruction of glass during the operation of the building. System is repairable. There are 2 main types of fixing glass to the supporting structures of the facade, which are metal profiles, or farms, strung guys, and in some cases and wooden bars (restaurant Cohen realized project). Type 1 attachment - "curtain" - used mainly for flat walls and is secured around the contour of the cartridge. Type 2 attachment - "point" - provides for mounting glass only at the corners with the help of special equipment - "spiders" or "sliders" (from the English "spider" - a spider). Spot type of mount allows for a maximum lightweight design glass wall, in some cases, visually, on the verge of understanding of gravity. Given the dependence of the size and shape of spiders on the dimensions and proportions of glass, fixed in a "spider" is of particular architectonic expression. Almost - it's made out to order a new type of element is the transparent architecture of the turn of XX-XXI centuries. For flat and cylindrical surfaces of facades used "spiders" made of stainless steel. The shape and size of spiders every time designed according to the cutting of the wall in the individual modules and the nature of bending the facade of the structure. Polyhedral structures cause the need for designing mnogolapyh spiders, and at the edges of the glass surface appear as "spiders" with a reduced number of pads - 3, 2 or even 1. Typically, the scope of paws "spider" is 1 / 3 the size of glass in that direction. For the dome and facade surfaces of double curvature is more convenient to use aluminum spider with flexible legs, the angles between which are fixed in accordance with the guide and forming a curved surface. Aluminum spiders usually support the smaller-sized windows, but they exhibit greater plasticity in the shaping process. Based on the above ideology, you can create both vertical and inclined filler surface and the dome. Glass facades need attractive glazing, which would relate to each other in a whole frame of the building itself and the facade, the architects have already emerged in the early XX century. Since then, developed a lot of meaningful technological innovations to achieve this goal. Here are some of them: - a cold front: an outer layer - the panel glass.

Vitaly Lions Window bars for the past several centuries are mandatory dress code for windows, cabinets, stained glass windows that are within reach of people. In the window bars wrought combines lightness and transparency, with extraordinary strength and reliability. Surrounding world, through a thin cobweb lace wrought certainly will seem more beautiful than through the bars welded, even the best quality and beautiful lattice. Forged grating your mansion in the countryside, in harmony with the figure gates, fences, balcony railings and landscape elements will create a unique style, characteristic only of your estate. And looking at these works of art your friends, colleagues and neighbors are puzzled by the question: "How can you achieve such lightness, beauty and lightness of heavy metal?". And at the same time, this fine ensemble leaves no doubt that your house - it's your castle. How to choose a lattice on the window bars on the windows of many houses often resemble prisons. For owners of such buildings importantly - reliably protect home from unwanted intrusion through a window. They were unaware that secure the apartment can be not only reliable but also beautiful bars. The easiest way to get useful information from neighbors, friends or acquaintances, recently installed a beautiful and reliable grid in the window. But on the other hand, everyday tips - one, a conversation with an expert - is quite another. Talk to knowledgeable people can be in the company, which has yet to extract from the flow of advertising placed in a special building publications. A trip to the company - the best way to ensure integrity advertiser. In companies with extensive practical experience customer service worked out: in addition to the catalog with samples of window lattices and price, they tend to offer the customer to visit their exhibition stands and on-site to assess the quality of welding the individual elements of the lattice. Here you can discuss with a specialist and design and reliability of painting the finished product, choose the profile for the grating. Window bars on the method of fixation may be fixed (not operable), swinging (with the opening of one or two doors), sliding (produced according to the type of pantograph - a sliding hinged parallelogram) and removable (Fireplace units are mounted in the doorway, framing grid attached to a wall on the screw-bolt ). Here are just right to consult with a specialist. Most reliable on the protective properties of the lattice are fixed, but in case of force majeure (fire, etc.) the evacuation through windows with the grids becomes impossible. It is therefore to be, at least, one grill in the apartment or house to swing with internal padlock or mortise lock. Sliding grill, of course, can do a good service in an emergency. But it has significant drawbacks: it is made of riveted movable crosswise strips, and this somewhat reduces its stiffness and protective properties, and some types of sliding lattices are attached just inside the building. Having defined the type of attachment, you must decide from which the profile will be made grid: from the rod (elongated metal semi-finished, round, hexagonal, rectangular, less trapezoidal, or oval cross-section segment), square (metallic semifinished square), strip (semi-finished metal with rectangular cross-section) or a combined profile. Lattice of square rods and stronger than the band, because their manufacturing steel profiles with a diameter of 12 to 20 mm (bar) and a section of 12x12, 14x14, 16x16 mm (square). But the lattice of the strips are cheaper. Having defined the profile, select a pattern. It all depends on taste and financial possibilities of the customer. The most aesthetically pleasing look of a square lattice and the rod. But the strip that are less instances of art, though here much depends on the master and the imagination of the customer. It should be borne in mind that a grid of bands are very difficult to make symmetric, if the image is composed of repetitive elements. Therefore, if you all respect the accuracy, the book is better combined lattice, for example, from a strip or bar. Then the master will be able to adjust the picture on the set sizes. True, in this scenario the order will be slightly more expensive. Gather for a lattice pattern and can according to the sketch of the customer, the master may choose to accommodate in that case, for example, if the customer likes a particular piece of a sample, and the rest of the songs he asked to collect from the other parts. The price for such work will also increase. The majority of window guards is classified as welded. But there is also the concept of "forged bars." Elements of their picture made way hot or cold forging, and when building is used all the same welding. Basic material - a square or a rod. These grilles - for customers who have sufficient means and artistic taste. The pattern of these lattices reminds finest lace. What color are the lattice - to solve customer. Range of painting materials for today is very high. Antique bronze, antique silver, gold, clear, green paint, black, etc. What kind of helmet to choose - tells the specialist. Color should be done with pre-primed metal - to avoid corrosion. Installation of gratings can be implemented in two ways: - in the ends of the window opening (outside of the frame or between frames) - vnakladku on the window opening. Finally, it is better not to make measurements on their own, and to entrust this critical moment a specialist (at least, because dimensions are removed, depending on installation). Types of gratings to protect windows from intruders, we offer several types of our products: deaf, folding and sliding window grates. These types of grids can be made from various kinds of metal: a smooth round bar, square bar. Edging the opening is made from a corner or rectangular profile. Deaf window grille fixed (not operable). This lattice has a fixed frame rigidly fixed to the window opening, by means of metal rods with a diameter of 10-12 mm or anchor bolts of the same size, filled with a certain type of interlacing bars, called the figure. Hinged window grille This grille has two frames, one fixed, rigidly fixed to the window opening, and other connections with it through the loop sheds filled with a certain type of picture. Committing working shutters made by attachment or a dead lock. I note that for organizations wishing to establish a grid in places where people work only fit this kind of window bars, such requirement is a legally, and in normal flat they will not be a hindrance. Imagine a situation - fire, not even you, as neighbors, the stairwell in the smoke in the fire go out in the usual way is problematic - it is dangerous to life, one way out - the window, and then a blank grid ... make your conclusions. Sliding Window Grilles This lattice has a rigidly fixed to the opening frame and the movable part, made as a pantograph. This type of grating can be used not only to protect windows, but also to protect doorways, as different partitions. Sliding lattice folded occupies about 25% of the width of the opening, provided that the width of not less than 1300 mm. If the gap smaller when folded may take up to 35%. Lattice can be folded in one direction, and in two. Possible to produce gratings with retractable - folding threshold, which is convenient for the passage of trucks with cargo. If you want to save the full size of the opening, we can produce a lattice in which the collected part is removed from the plane of the opening in one or two sides of the wall. Sliding grill, of course, can do a good service in an emergency. But it has significant drawbacks: it is made of riveted movable crosswise strips, and this somewhat reduces its stiffness and protective properties, and some types of sliding lattices are attached just inside the building. Having defined the type of attachment, you must decide from which the profile will be made grid: from the rod (elongated metal semi-finished, round, hexagonal, rectangular, less trapezoidal, or oval cross-section segment), square (metallic semifinished square), strip (semi-finished metal with rectangular cross-section) or a combined profile. Lattice of square rods and stronger than the band, because their manufacturing steel profiles with a diameter of 12 to 20 mm (bar) and a section of 12x12, 14x14, 16x16 mm (square). But the lattice of the strips are cheaper. Having defined the profile, select a pattern. It all depends on taste and financial possibilities of the customer. The most aesthetically pleasing look of a square lattice and the rod. But the strip that are less instances of art, though here much depends on the master and the imagination of the customer. It should be borne in mind that a grid of bands are very difficult to make symmetric, if the image is composed of repetitive elements. Therefore, if you all respect the accuracy, the book is better combined lattice, for example, from a strip or bar. Then the master will be able to adjust the picture on the set sizes. True, in this scenario the order will be slightly more expensive. Gather for a lattice pattern and can according to the sketch of the customer, the master may choose to accommodate in that case, for example, if the customer likes a particular piece of a sample, and the rest of the songs he asked to collect from the other parts. The price for such work will also increase. The first glass facades necessarily includes framing bindings of steel or aluminum for the perimeter of the glass, which in many cases, asking them hard rhythm, destroying a large form, imposes a "discrete" pure geometry of architectural volumes. Around the end of the 60-ies was tested besperepletnogo structural glazing system with gluing seams between panels with special sealants based on silicone. Besperepletnoe decision facades have been enthusiastically received by architects, particularly schools, "high-tech, according to the settings that maximize the architecture has to demonstrate possibilities of high technology and to maintain the contrast between nature and man-made works of architects. However, in the first works of this style was used for single-layer laminated glass surface shopwindow glass facade and structural system were "separate". This further created, except to reduce the effect of transparency design problems cleaning facade system from within. Glass should have been spread in the space of 60-70 cm Subsequent development of technologies with energy-efficient window glazing of Low-E glass has set the creators of the challenge of implementing structural facades besperepletnyh systems on the basis of a series of translucent enclosures. Currently, most of the known systems, this problem can be solved with the use of double-glazed windows of tempered glass with special ribs and trim, which complicates the technology of glass. Mounting translucent construction to joists front structure is produced, usually by bolting with glass, which requires special accuracy during assembly, and correspondingly complex installation tools and highly qualified installers. These features of the whole define the relatively high cost of common types of structural glazing. In addition, some of the technologies of glass, such as Heat Mirror ™ with internal heat reflecting membrane tension, as well as double-glazed windows with argon-filled proved unsuitable for through-drilling is needed in technology with bolt-on. Building on the achievement of aluminum structural glazing systems in terms of performance joints of silicone sealants, in Belgium in the 90 years the system was established in May S (full name of the "Concept 5 Synergy"), developed and produced by "Atellier du Verre". This system is a new step in improving technological and architectural expression of buildings based on similar technologies. The inventors of the system 5 S - brothers Ganji, an architect and engineer. Thanks to this combination of professional developers, system combines the architectural elegance and high variability with precision engineering and industrial adaptability sborki.5 S - is any of the complexity of the architecture and maximum ease of installation. The main element of 5 S is the so-called cartridge, consisting of glass, which with the help of a special double-sided mounting tape pasted on the reverse side of the perimeter of the shaped steel frame. Profile steel frame ensures its function "catch", just orienting windows during installation in the design position. Frame-latch is pressed against the issues of load-bearing frame or structure a "spider" point mounting pressure bolts. After sealing the seams special silicone sealant company Dow Corning construction of the glass becomes a "monolithic" and provides the necessary stability and strength, as well as structural integrity of the facade. Due to the fact that the 5 S system can be used by windows without drilling holes in glass, requirements for mandatory use of tempered glass is eliminated. Especially technologically and economically efficient system for the 5 S glass technology "Thermal Mirror ™". Due to the above-described "cartridge" manufactured in a production environment, even large-size windows reliably transported to the construction site. And most importantly - the simplest way to provide high accuracy and, accordingly, the speed of installation. Labour productivity in the performance of structural glazing is increased by 2-3 times. In addition, the possibility of replacing the cartridge in the case of destruction of glass during the operation of the building. System is repairable. There are 2 main types of fixing glass to the supporting structures of the facade, which are metal profiles, or farms, strung guys, and in some cases and wooden bars (restaurant Cohen realized project). Type 1 attachment - "curtain" - used mainly for flat walls and is secured around the contour of the cartridge. Type 2 attachment - "point" - provides for mounting glass only at the corners with the help of special equipment - "spiders" or "sliders" (from the English "spider" - a spider). Spot type of mount allows for a maximum lightweight design glass wall, in some cases, visually, on the verge of understanding of gravity. Given the dependence of the size and shape of spiders on the dimensions and proportions of glass, fixed in a "spider" is of particular architectonic expression. Almost - it's made out to order a new type of element is the transparent architecture of the turn of XX-XXI centuries. For flat and cylindrical surfaces of facades used "spiders" made of stainless steel. The shape and size of spiders every time designed according to the cutting of the wall in the individual modules and the nature of bending the facade of the structure. Polyhedral structures cause the need for designing mnogolapyh spiders, and at the edges of the glass surface appear as "spiders" with a reduced number of pads - 3, 2 or even 1. Typically, the scope of paws "spider" is 1 / 3 the size of glass in that direction. For the dome and facade surfaces of double curvature is more convenient to use aluminum spider with flexible legs, the angles between which are fixed in accordance with the guide and forming a curved surface. Aluminum spiders usually support the smaller-sized windows, but they exhibit greater plasticity in the shaping process. Based on the above ideology, you can create both vertical and inclined filler surface and the dome. Glass facades need attractive glazing, which would relate to each other in a whole frame of the building itself and the facade, the architects have already emerged in the early XX century. Since then, developed a lot of meaningful technological innovations to achieve this goal. Here are some of them: - a cold front: an outer layer - the panel glass. Function insulation performs design of the building wall on which the air-gap is fixed outer layer - the exhaust facade: the outer layer - plus glass windows, installed at a distance of 15-20 cm from the glass. In this case, use an air gap or air exhaust and ventilation of the building or to heat the fresh air - structural glazing - a method of combining glass, ceramic and metal in one design using a special adhesive silicone sealants. This type of glazing allows architects and designers to fully realize the smooth all-glass facade. To object to the use of glazed facades functioned for a long time and efficiently, need to work together architects, designers and suppliers of glass and glazing systems, profiles, and silicone sealants (in the case of structural glazing). Depending on the location and purpose of the building facade glazing key issue is the choice of glass and construction glass. Making the right choice, you can avoid heat loss, greatly reduce the penetration of noise from the street, to ensure safety standards that protect the interior of excess solar energy. Assortment of "special" glasses today is extremely broad, and to navigate in this variety of types and brands of different manufacturers, without professional help is necessary. Next, consider the basic functions of glass and some practical recommendations for their implementation. Thermal insulation should be remembered that a third of heat loss through the glass is carried by conduction and convection, and two-thirds - due to heat radiation of long waves. The problem of convection and heat insulation is solved by installing double-glazed windows, and optimally, if the thickness of air layer between the glass panes does not exceed 16 mm - otherwise increased convection, and heat insulation properties deteriorate. To reduce losses from heat radiation developed the so-called selective (low-emission) glass with special coating. Currently, there are two types of such glasses: "K-glass" - with "hard" surface and "i-glass" - with "soft" coating. "I-glass", which appeared later, has thermal insulation characteristics of 1,5 times higher than the "K-glass, so the market share of" i-glasses "is constantly growing, the majority of glazing is being built in Europe. Because of the "soft", ie exposed to the external environment coverage, "i-glass" is used exclusively in insulating glass units, and its set by the space inside the glass coating. The need for high technology at work with "i-glass" has led to what is glazed with the glass produced only large specialized firms. Protection from the sun. Under a sun-glass mean glass having the ability to reduce the penetration of solar, thermal or light energy in the room by absorbing or reflecting sunlight. Have this property of glass, tinted in the mass, and reflective (reflective) coated glass mirror of the form. This is the most diverse and extensive in its appearance a group of glasses, the most commonly used for facade glazing. As an example, a list of brands of sun glasses, produced international Glass Corporation Saint-Gobain. "Parsol - tinted heat-absorbing mass of float glass in various colors (bronze, gray, green, pink). Each tone of the glass correspond to different spectrophotometric characteristics (transmittance, reflectance, absorption of solar energy). The use of tinted glass with transmittance less than 50% as the cladding is not recommended because of the increased risk of breakage due to overheating and temperature drop. Its use in the quenched as possible after the special calculations. "Antelo - solntseotrazhayuschee (reflective) glass with a" hard "(resistance to external medium) coated with metal oxides (29-32% reflectance). The initial use as a colorless or tinted glass that allows you to receive colored "Antelo - bronze, emerald, silver, etc." Reflektasol - silnozerkalnoe glass (reflectance of about 50%), providing almost one-way observation. If you need a mirror effect can be reduced by 10-12% by setting Reflektasola in glass coating inside. Coverage "Reflektasola" refers to the "hard" and may have different color tints. Tinted and reflective glass with the "hard" coating used both in single glazing (cold front), and in double glazing. "Cool Lite" - solntseotrazhayuschee glass with a "soft" coating. The method of its manufacture, which in its original colorless or tinted glass is applied several layers of different metals, can get about 65 kinds of "Kul-light" in many different colors (blue, blue, steel, silver, bronze, etc.) and with different properties ( light transmission from 4 to 50%, the reflection from 6 to 43%). "Cool-Lite K" - the glass of the new generation, combining two functions simultaneously - reflectivity and energy efficiency. "Soft" cover of this glass is a selective, providing excellent insulation, and at the same time, a mirror of different colors (like glass, "Cool Light"). In developed countries, namely, "Cool-Lite K" is most often used for facade glazing, because it gives architects a lot of room for creativity, while allowing the necessary standards to ensure energy conservation and solar shading. Like any glass with a "soft" coating, "Cool Light" and "Cool-Lite K" only apply to glazing. In the domestic market reflective and low-emission glass are not only trademarks of the leading foreign manufacturers, such as "Saint-Gobain, but domestic producers - JSC" Factory of architectural glass, "which since 2000 began production of low-emission and sun glasses" soft "coating on American equipment. Soundproofing insulation against noise - is the weakening of the sound energy passing it through the obstacle (glazing). Soundproofing glass depends on: the number, size and thickness of glass in windows, the thickness of the air gap between the panes, the permeability of joints. Increasing the number of glass in the pane does not always lead to the desired result. If you simply install the glass in the middle of the air gap, the sound insulation is reduced by increasing the resonant frequency of the structure. With triple glazing (triple-pane windows) with an acoustic point of view more appropriate to apply the increase in the thickness of glass and air gap between them, with glass cameras should not be symmetrical. Further improvement is achieved by pumping gas into mezhstekolnoe space. More radical solution - the use of double glazing of special laminated glass with shumoponizhayuschimi films. As a rule, sound conventional single-chamber glass 4-16-4 (two panes of 4 mm thickness, air gap - 16 mm) up to 28 dB, two-chamber 4-10-4-10-4 - 32 dB, a special laminated glass - 50 dB. It should be remembered that the threshold of audibility for humans - 0 dB increase of sound pressure level of 10 dB is perceived by a person as a doubling of the volume. Safety Safety glass varies with protection class: Class "A" - glazed to withstand accidental impact, class "B" - glazing that resists cracking, vandalism, Class "B" - bulletproof security glass. To ensure the safety glazing used: tempered, wired glass and laminated glass. Wired - a glass with a metal grid inside, when broken shards like glass does not fall out even during the formation of multiple cracks, and held in place by reinforcement. Tempered glass - the glass, which by heat or chemical treatment increases resistance to shock and temperature extremes of 5-10 times compared to ordinary glass. Fracture the glass breaks into small fragments of sound blunt. It should be noted that not all types of glass can be quenched: for example, glass with a "soft" coating undergoes hardening, usually before the coating. Laminated glass (Triplex) consists of two or more sheets of glass of different types and thicknesses, laminated (glued) together with polivinilbutilovoy film or a special laminating fluid. When broken behaves like a wired glass. Varying the glass and film can be laminated, which combines the security properties to other properties: thermal insulation, sound insulation, fire safety, etc. The lack of triplex - big thick glasses, ie, a big load on metal edge glazing compound, and reduced light transmission. Aesthetics. Harmonious combination of color, transparency and reflection glass facade with the environment, of course, very important. Must take into account that the errors in the performance of glazing may lead to such a defect of the facade as a "ripple". To avoid a "ripple" glass facade, it is necessary to use external glass thickness of not less than 6-8 mm, depending on the size of glass panels. You should also take into account the specifics of climate (high temperature difference during the year) in the manufacture of glass. Temperature and pressure in the space mezhstekolnom glass, made in the summer, will be very different from the conditions of its operation in the winter. Low temperature leads to a decrease in pressure inside the glass, because of what glass can bend inside the glass, breaking the evenness of the glass and causing "waviness" of the facade. To avoid such troubles, should be ordered only by a professional glazing insulating glass manufacturers, working with modern equipment and using advanced technology. From the above it becomes clear that a variety of facade glazing options are almost limitless. To facilitate a decision on the choice of glazing options world's leading glass manufacturers developed special computer programs, which is given variant of the design of glazing (single, double pane windows, sloping glass roof, etc.), the thickness and type of glass used, the width of the air gap, the orientation of the facade of sides of the world, climate data, etc., based on which the program calculates all the necessary thermal characteristics of glass, the maximum allowable wind and snow loads for the design.