Heated floors: design, description,

Benefits of heating systems, embedded in the floor construction, are well known. Today, the construction market there are many varieties of such systems, differing in many important ways: the choice of coolant, performance, persistence, temperature characteristics, etc. On some variants of heating in the floor, designed by German engineers, we describe in this article . Least with a simple point of view of mounting solution is to use ready-made heating modules. The main difference between this system from other systems, floor heating is that it is due to its minimal thickness allows you to design the floor virtually unchanged. Moreover, the very construction principle of the system allows for continuous regulation and a rapid change in temperature of the floor surface. Even with a slight heating of the floor (up to 30-40 ° C) building is heated in accordance with the standards of low-power, which again confirms the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of heating modules. The design of the heated floor, running on the basis of heat units is easy enough. Per carrier basis of sex (usually reinforced concrete) laid a layer of insulation 10 mm thick. Dimensions insulation mats match the size of heating modules. Then, on the insulating layer are installed modules which are covered with polyethylene film of thickness 0.2 mm. On this whole "extra" floor construction is finished and starts laying the usual layers of floor - parquet, carpet, ceramic tiles or wood panels. When arranged a "floating" hardwood floor, that is, boards are laid directly on the heating units are encouraged to arrange between them an extra layer that serves to distribute loads. This layer is usually made of two or three thin sheets of rigid, their high thermal conductivity. The total height of such a floor construction, starting from the insulating layer and ending with the upper surface, less than 35 mm, which is only one-third the thickness of the heated floor design that works on the principle of convective radiation. When the device heated floors conventional design floor is equipped with valves, temperature control devices and other special devices. For example, in such cases are frequently used design for the installation of door frames to the required height, which is due to the requirements of ergonomics. The modular principle, which is based unit floor, eliminates these problems and difficulties. Another important advantage of the modular floor is the speed of heating. For comparison, we recall the principle of convection heating of the heated floor. In such a floor heating pipes embedded into the coating material, which should serve as a "mass of the heating and distributor of temperature on the surface of the floor. But in order to cover apprehended heat from the tubes warmed itself and transfers the heat to the surface of the floor, requires a fairly long time. The same can be said about the process of cooling after switching off the floor heating system. Unlike systems that operate on the principle of convective radiation, the system heated floor is a low-inertia. This is achieved by ensuring that the modules themselves are "heating mass". After turning on the system, they are filled with water, which is rapidly heated by an electrical current. The mere possibility of contacting the electric wires to water is eliminated through the multi-protection system - a wire is laid in a special box, mounted inside the heating modules. Regulation of the heating process is carried out directly inside the floor covering. Quickness floor heating is not only important in terms of ensuring maximum thermal comfort indoors. This property of the system also allows you to save heat energy expended. Contribute to energy savings and a few other factors. Firstly, to create comfortable thermal conditions indoors in winter heating is required of sex only to a temperature of +35 ° C. Second, the system can be combined with other heat-generating devices such as solar panels or boilers for burning solid fuel. In addition, the heating system modules can be used in conjunction with heat pumps of various designs. As is evident from all the above, the system has a large potenitsialom in terms of saving energy. Scope of heating modules are very broad. Heated floors of this design can be used for reconstruction and modernization of old buildings, creating in them comfortable living conditions to meet modern requirements. Another option is a device heated floor system would be laying of heating pipes throughout the floor area without any frame modules. Due to its small cross-section of heating pipes create a small bending radius without hindering the movement of the coolant. Therefore, in particularly cold areas located around the outer walls, the pipes can be laid with a higher rate without the risk of damaging the system. In the center of the room pipes are laid with less frequency, and thus the heat is evenly distributed all over the floor. When using this system the heating zone with the highest air temperature at the bottom of the room, the floor surface, which is the best option in terms of comfort and shelter of the recommendations of doctors. In addition, for frequent laying of heating pipes in the area of ??sex outside of exterior walls, the windows and walls, creating a kind of thermal curtains, preventing cold air from outside. This property of the system eliminates the need for heavily compacted windows with a minimum air permeability. That is simultaneously achieved once two advantages - the thermal protection facilities and to ensure normal ventilation. Another advantage of the heating system is the flexibility of temperature regulation. Under normal conditions, in order to create the room necessary thermal comfort, heating is required the system to a temperature of 45 ° C. As the coolant in the heating system is hot water, so the design of the heated floor included in the total hot water systems of the building. As for heating hot water is required before such a low temperature, the operation of the system can be implemented through alternative sources of energy such as thermal solar energy, accumulated with solar modules. Likewise, the system can "eat" through the energy generated by heat pumps. With the help of these techniques can reduce the consumption of energy consumed for heating buildings, to the minimum limit. But even if the security of the building is energy from traditional sources (such as centralized heating network or local heating devices), heat consumption savings when using the system remains very substantial. Floor heating device is using this technology. On the basis of the carrier floor is laid a layer of insulation, which is covered with plastic wrap. The film fit guides, metal lath, with special sockets. Heating pipe systems are installed according to plan and recorded in the nests of the guide rails with clamps. Then there is the device upper floor coverings (parquet, ceramic coating, plank floor, etc.) by conventional technology.