All about heating

It was decided to build their own home. Before the construction is necessary to think about how will be arranged heating system and water supply to your home. You have conducted excavation and intend to begin construction of the main building, so it's time to think about how the house will be laid in utilities, including heating system. The sooner you plug in a professional designer - the better. After heating likes to take care of it beforehand. The main flaw in the construction of a warm house just lies in the fact that people are building a house not made preliminary calculations of heat loss when the alleged thickness and composition of the exterior walls. A professional engineer will tell you what the wall is the warmest, so you did not have large operating costs for the purchase of equipment and, of course, fuel for operation of the heating system of your home. And well, if it be known in advance, will be held as utilities (piping systems, heating, hot water, sewer, electrical cables, etc.). If you do not think everything in advance, the consequences may be problems with quality heat supply individual rooms in the house, increased costs of pipes and many other annoying gaps. Which to choose a boiler for heating system, depending on the location of the house and the possibility of fuel supply and boiler selected for a particular type of fuel (gas, diesel oil, coal, firewood, electricity, solar energy, etc.). If you are building a very small house, and, in an area where there are no problems with solid wood fuel, you will approach a fireplace (furnace) heating system, the principle of his work known to all. If the location of your home can connect to high-voltage line, and you have agreed to leave power by supplying electricity to the organization, then you fit option of heating by electric convectors, ie Each heater can be switched on and off into a separate outlet. But for traditional construction, house 250-300 m ?, optimal option with individual heat generators, ie, hydraulic heating system and electric boiler. One need only consider that the use of these boilers require justification and are generally permitted to install the boiler with an adjustable speed power or installing tank battery, and provided that payment for electricity to be carried out on a lot of tariff meter. If you have the opportunity to connect to the backbone of natural gas that, accordingly, apply a boiler that runs on natural gas. This is perhaps the most economical option to connect the heating system at home. The only thing to consider when choosing a gas boiler - a reduction of gas pressure in the supply line, as every thing necessary for the operation of the boiler, the cold season. If your home is removed from the gas and electric communications, the choice will be in favor of liquid-fuel boiler (for diesel). With this pot you'll be more hassle: fuel reserves must be stored somewhere (this installation supply tank in the boiler room (fuel) tank and the tank on the street) and they are constantly replenished, but as a rule, each completion of a new portion of diesel fuel requires setting the burner and hence the call service personnel, this additional expense and inconvenience. Therefore, where there is a choice between fuels whether imported fuel (diesel), or can connect to the pipeline - should choose the second option, even if the gas connection with the project and laying of pipes will cost a little more than start-up costs at the option of liquid fuel . Because in the end the exploitation of gas boiler and gas prices will cost the budget is several times cheaper than other fuels. Excellent alternative to solar oil systems are stand-alone gasification using a gas-holders from 500 to 10000 liters. See Autonomous gasification, even if the gas connection with the project and laying of pipes will cost a little more than start-up costs to the version with liquid fuel. After all, ultimately exploitation of the gas boiler and gas prices will cost the budget is cheaper than other fuels. Possible options for routing heating mechanism works for all hydraulic systems is approximately the same, he suggests heating the coolant in the boiler (heat generator), which coolant enters the closed chain of pipes and radiators, padded around the house. As the coolant is usually water is used, much less for these purposes apply other liquids - the so-called "antifreeze" special non-freezing fluid. They have greater cold resistance than water, but are inferior to the last point and heat transfer, in addition, they have to buy and constantly check their stock and once every few years to replace, but water from wells or water supply comes for free, though in need of filtration and chemical preparing to "fill" in the system. Going through all the heating devices of the chain, water or other coolant gives off heat to each of them, and then returns to the boiler, and then the whole process is repeated. Scheme of hydraulic heating systems differ not only in its engineering features, but the principles work. By the nature of the movement of coolant, they are divided into systems with natural and forced circulation. First used in small houses (50-150 m ?), second - in a traditional building (250 m ? and more). In the first case, the circulating water is heated in the boiler and rises to a serving vertical piping. It is known that the density of the hot water is less than the cold, it is lighter in weight, so it is just "pushes" in the feed tube, pushing "back", the heavy cold water. Then hot water is spread out over several downstream pipes (risers, which permeate the entire building) and goes to the radiators, giving warmth. As the cooling water is heavier, its density increases, and completing the circle, gives off heat less warm water is returned to the boiler on the return pipe. Thus, the circulation is due to weight difference of the hot coolant and cool, gives off heat, coolant. Under this system, large diameter pipes are used and respected pipeline pitch so it looks "not so" in the interior of the house. In the second case, the system with forced circulation differs from the system with natural circulation of water in the way of movement, ie, in the presence of "helper" - circulation pump. It is used in systems with forced circulation and allows the use of smaller pipe diameters and slopes do not follow. But one should remember that the pump does not lift water to a height, but only to help her overcome the resistance of the pipelines. That is why the circulation pumps for small heating systems consume electricity - about 60 - 120 watts, like a light bulb. If the pump is turned off, the water after some time stop, if not off, then it will move permanently. Powered pump is sometimes connected through a thermostatic room sensor, in which case the pump will automatically turn on only when the temperature in the house will not fall below a given. System with forced circulation is more comfortable, warm in such a system can be controlled. The quality of a heating system above, but it requires an uninterrupted power supply. The system also with natural circulation and can work without electricity, but it does not give automatic control, heat transfer can only be reduced by reducing the power burner. In addition, the system eats up more fuel. Therefore, if you want an economical, easy to use and not interfering in the interior of the heating system, should be preferred to a system with forced circulation. Wiremap piping systems, heating fuel and generator of heat you have decided, with circulation - too. Now we must decide on a scheme to plant pipe to the radiators. In engineering practice there are a huge number of possible wiring diagrams of heating systems in which an uninitiated person can easily get confused. There are single and double pipe heating schemes. Both are divided into vertical and horizontal, while the two-pipe heating systems there is also a collector, or it is sometimes called the solar circuit wiring. Single-bore vertical system - is well-known example of piping in the Soviet apartment blocks. A horizontal single-tube circuits have a fairly narrow range of applications (mainly for heating large areas such as cinema halls), but, although rare, is still used in private construction. Here, Single-tube-fed line, consistently avoids several heaters located on one level, with a slight bias toward the movement of water. Water cools down in each radiator and the latest in a chain of radiators come already cooled considerably. If you want to significantly reduce the cost of piping and installation - this scheme is for you. But if you do the main thing - comfort and aesthetics of the interior, you will need to decide in favor of two-pipe system, as monotube have three major drawbacks. The first drawback - it's a problem with regulation of heat individually for each radiator. In other words, you can not do any hot nor cold, nor turn off the radiator at all. Of course, in practice, there is mounting a special "bypass channel, a jumper to switch off the radiator without having to" do not disconnect "the whole system. Nevertheless, heating of premises will be carried out indirectly through risers or feed tube. Another drawback - the need to use heaters in different sizes. To heat all radiators was approximately the same, the first in the chain of the heater should be small, and the last one - great. Clearly, this is not the best impact on the design of the house. A third drawback - it can not be done in separate rooms hidden laying pipes to radiators, because the diameter of feed pipe must always increase. Two-pipe system devoid of these shortcomings. There are two pipelines, direct and inverse, are bound to radiators with taps. Water into each one radiator temperature, which allows the use of radiators the same size. The diameters of the flow and return pipes and fittings and sizes of elements (compounds) is less than one-pipe systems. It is possible to carry out covert laying of pipelines in a concrete screed floor or under plaster or in a box plinth. And most importantly, two-pipe systems make it possible to regulate the heat transfer in the room, which is installed on each radiator thermostatic valve, through which the regulatory process is done automatically. Another advantage of the twin-tube circuits is that the parts of the heating system here can be put into operation in stages, as the construction of floors. Vertical two-pipe system also allow the use in homes with varying levels of floors (that is, when the floors are arranged vertically in a checkerboard pattern). There are many options for twin-tube circuits. There are options from the top and bottom wiring. There is a dead-end double-tube system and with a fair movement of coolant. There is a two-pipe system with a central high-line and headers from which the pipe inlet and outlet of each radiator separately. This reduces the diameter of the pipe and for laying the heating circuit to abandon a large number of costly shaped elements (triplets). In addition, the collector circuit and even those wins that are easy to relate the individual heaters on pressure. Despite the fact that due to the greater flow pipes and the cost of the collector such a scheme is somewhat more expensive than traditional two-pipe circuit, collector system is gaining popularity in individual housing. Underfloor heating Underfloor heating provides the most comfortable heating, warming the air to a height of 1,5-2 m (the 'feet warm and your head in cold weather), but in no event may not be the predominant type of heating in the house. One floor heating does not heat the house, and there are a few reasons. First, in winter a warm floor can not cope with the arrival of a cold from all the windows and walls in the house, and secondly, a lot of warm floors - it's a huge increase in the pipe, and hence the area of ??cooling and hydraulic resistance in the system. To reconcile the contours of floor heating on the pressure and temperature for the simultaneous heating of all rooms in the house will need several independent units with their pump and a three-way valve that expensive enough. Therefore, floor heating is recommended for heating rooms with high ceilings (more than 3 meters) or conventional, but as an auxiliary means of comfort, such as in hallways, children's bathroom. Professionals With self-designing houses are generally guided by aesthetic considerations and the interior, often forgetting about the abilities of different devices, giving the right amount of heat, and their sizes. For example, in addition to the traditional basement: garage and laundry room, occupy part of space in the basement of a sauna, billiard room and so on. In pursuit of increasing living space in the boiler room assign quite a tiny room, or is some "closet" where not only is there no natural light, but sometimes not at all sites for installation and maintenance of the boiler and associated equipment. Also happens that does not include a boiler room (fuel) flow of air needed for combustion, forget to provide ventilation and flue duct. And if you include, make sure the chimney does not meet required for installation in the building of a certain area, the boiler capacity. And the guest, after all built, the designer is forced to invent in the course of engineering solutions, to link that in no way linked. As a result, these devices cost of heating a home are always much higher than the normal timely design. And it's not to mention the fact that the forced solution of the designer can sometimes greatly change the aesthetic appearance of the building. From the above conclusion is simple, it would be better if the design of the heating system will think the professionals. And, think "up" and not "after" construction. Sometimes a man takes a finished project and ready calculation of the equipment from anywhere from a book or magazine, where there are no descriptions of all the necessary parameters. But during the installation will inevitably raise a number not mentioned in the book of issues on which someone has an urgent need to consult. The object comes to a specialist in designing heating and sees that the selected "curve" totally impracticable in this case. The designer is a new project which leads to partial and sometimes complete dismantling of the pipeline. And this, not to mention the loss in time and money. It is important that the design of the heating system was carried out in advance, ie before or at the very beginning of construction. But we know that even done in a timely manner, the project design - hatred, even though both are made professionally. After all, on paper - one, and the equipment in the store - is quite another, and assembly team is able to work and do the third. Therefore, the project made by a professional, yet half of the case, other half of the case - is to find the right designer. And do it fairly easy: just need to contact a firm that provides integrated services for design, installation and commissioning of heating systems. This will save you the personal time and nerves, because they do not need to be run on the company Search, compare, and select. After all, large firms typically have already developed a mechanism of selection of components of a system. This is a data bank and combinations that the customer's request can be illustrated by specific examples or make an individual different from all of the project. And, of course, is the high rate of work performed without any loss in quality, and, finally, just to guarantee that the house will really warm and beautiful.