As heat plant

Device heating system in the production facilities of industrial enterprises is quite a daunting task sometimes requires unusual solutions. The reason here can name a few. First, industrial buildings are always very specific in terms of design features, as created under certain technological processes and equipment. That is the standard scheme and the solutions always have to make significant adjustments. Secondly, the area of ??shops is often thousands or even tens of thousands of square meters, and their height is 14-18 meters and more. Also often require the creation of technological conditions within the same shop several zones with different temperature regimes. And, importantly, in the premises should be strictly adhered to strict standards of industrial hygiene, explosion and fire. It is worth noting that in recent years, due to the constant rise in energy prices, heating costs have become a major influence on production costs and hence on the competitiveness of enterprises. This implies the problem is not simply to provide a comfortable temperature, but do it nerazoritelno for the company's budget. Moreover, the use of energy efficient heating technologies is becoming one of the most important ways to reduce costs. All of the above factors impose serious and sometimes conflicting requirements of the technical solution for the heating systems of enterprises. We review the main existing approaches to the heating of industrial premises, carry out an analysis of their effectiveness, compare the pros and cons, and the scope of applicability. A variety of approaches during the design of the heating of industrial premises should answer some questions on which will depend on possible technical solutions. First of all, how much heat is required to maintain an acceptable temperature in a particular building? The answer to this question is the Thermal calculation. Method of calculating power of heating system takes into account the size of the heated rooms, thermal resistance of frame structures, the specific climatic conditions of the terrain (minimum temperature of the coldest five-day heating period), as well as placement of the building relative to wind patterns. As industrial workshops occupy an area of ??hundreds or thousands of square meters, and the calculated heating power can be hundreds of kilowatts or more. For example, in the climatic conditions of Central Russia to the industrial complex with a total volume of heated space 165 thousand cubic meters. m (height rooms - from 12 to 17 m), the calculated heat capacity of the system is about 2 MW. It is obvious that such a quantity of heat can provide a centralized source (large CHP), or their own mini-boiler. The major advantage of autonomous sources of heat is able to respond rapidly to changes in ambient temperature that is practically impossible under central heating. So that in the contemporary decentralization of heat supply and use of independent boilers are becoming one of the most effective ways to reduce the cost of the enterprise. Another important issue to be solved - what type of heating is most effective in this particular case. These types can be divided into three: air, water and radiant (infrared). What are their characteristics? Air heating, this type of heating is one of the most common ways to maintain an acceptable temperature for workplaces. The principle of its operation is simple. The air is heated by boiler or water radiator (for example, manufacturers such as Apen or Kroll) and on air is sent to the otoplyaemuyu zone. Distribution of air into the room by using the distribution of heads or as directed jets from the fans. As a portable version used a different kind of heat gun that you can move through the shop as needed. This type of heating is easily combined with air-supply systems, ventilation and air conditioning systems and allows to heat the room very large volumes. Suffice it to say that the air heating system used not only for industrial plants, but also for storage facilities, indoor sports facilities. In addition, for reasons of fire safety in a number of industries (eg, chemical, etc.) is only allowed type of heating. However, he has a number of serious shortcomings. So, because of the low heat capacity of air (up to four times lower than that of water) to maintain an acceptable temperature in large rooms require powerful fans with a capacity of up to several thousand cubic meters per hour. And their use greatly increases the cost of electricity. It is also important that such a system, much energy is spent unproductively, because warm air rises. The temperature difference in rooms equipped with air heating systems, is 2,5 ° C per meter of height. This means that the building height of 12 m and an average temperature in the working area of ??15 ° C air under the roof is heated to 40 ° C. This leads to a sharp increase in heat loss through the outer fence, the upper floors, walls, skylights. Water Heating In general, the water heating consists of a boiler, boiler, piping systems and heating appliances (radiators or convectors). Water is heated by the boiler, with the circulating pump is driven through the pipe and gives heat to the radiators. In applying the two-pipe circuit wiring and thermostats can regulate the heat output on each radiator. That is, heat is delivered precisely targeted to areas of an industrial building or premises where it is needed. A critical component of such water systems is the boiler. Depending on the type of fuel used, it can be liquid fuel, solid fuel, gas or electric. The most economical and efficient gas-fired boilers are considered, but thermal generators using diesel fuel and still enjoy popularity in our country - in areas where, for whatever reasons, there is no main gas. The development of modern heating boilers extends towards the most efficient use of fuel. Currently, the most advanced condensing technology is designed for gas boilers. It allows you to utilize the heat of water vapor contained in exhaust gases and thereby substantially improve the efficiency of boiler (up to 109% by the standard calculations on the lowest heat of combustion). To this end, the design condensing boiler features a special heat exchanger, which cools the flue gases, and particularly, water vapor formed during combustion of the gas to a temperature of dew point. In this phase transition and there is an additional energy release. In general, experts believe the company ARISTON (MTS Group), a global leader in the manufacture of heating and water heating equipment, the use of condensing technology allows for one-third lower gas consumption. Further optimize fuel consumption help automate the management and control systems of boiler equipment. For example, in industrial condensing boilers RENDAMAX (MTS Group) up to 1200 kW gas burner has a built-in smooth electronic regulation. Due to this heat boiler can fine tune a desired heat consumption, thereby reducing non-productive costs. A cooking gas mixture and the control of combustion in these boilers controlled by an electronic combustion systems that automatically selects the optimal operating mode of the boiler. This allows us to optimize the gas flow rate and achieve a substantial reduction in emissions of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. In addition to increasing the efficiency of equipment and operational safety, automation reduces the influence of the so-called "human factor" - the unskilled intervention that could lead to emergency situations. If necessary, increase the heat output of modern boilers can be operated in a cascade connection. There are several thermal generators are installed in one system and included one by one as demand increases in heat. For example, already mentioned RENDAMAX condensing boilers are equipped with automatic control node stage (up to 8 boilers) and control system for weather-dependent regulation. Often it is more cost-effective solution than installing a high-powered boiler. Radiant heating as an alternative to conventional convective heating schemes described above, recently offered a different kind of technology of radiant heating. Space heating is achieved by the flow of radiant energy of infrared (heat) spectrum of the emitters are located directly above the heated zone. When using this type of heating temperature increase in height is about 0,3 o C per meter, and there is no effect of overheating of the upper part of the premises. This, in turn, leads to lower heating costs (up to 30-40%). Among other undoubted advantages of radiant heating - a great opportunity for regulation and low inertia. One of the options for radiant heating - using electric infrared heaters. Their basic element is a tan, which is heated to 250oS (why this type of radiator is called a "light"). At this temperature, 90% of the energy is converted into the flow of heat rays, and 10% goes to direct heating of air. However, at all cost-effectiveness of this method, the cost of electricity for such devices are often too large. Another option for radiant heating is the so-called "dark" infrared emitters. They received this name because their surface is not heated to such high temperatures, as in electrical appliances. These radiators are a system of hollow tubes, which move the hot gases, steam or water. In general, these devices allow to achieve a high degree of thermal comfort in work areas and can be used combined with conventional heating systems. With the existing diversity of technical capabilities for heating of industrial buildings it is important to choose the most efficient and cost-effective option. Clearly, the only true solution does not exist here - in each case has to consider many factors and constraints. However, it is clear that the use of modern energy-efficient technologies and automation of heating equipment can achieve significant energy savings.