In most EU countries, despite the competition of plastic tubing, copper setting up a large part of all communications in residential and public construction. In the early 90's copper pipes are widely used in domestic plumbing layout in malokvartirnom same building, they have practically superseded galvanized steel pipe. Copper is an excellent structural material for cold and hot water, hot water heating systems, air conditioning and gas supply. Its advantages are: - resistance to the corrosive effect of tap water (estimated longevity of pipes - at least 40 years) - high plasticity, which determines the ease of installation of copper pipes - versatility of application, allowing the use of a common technique in object assembly; - resistance to temperature change, and to Effects of ultraviolet rays - the possibility of complete recycling of worn-out pipes - the comparability of the value of products made from polymers. In a well-designed and properly manufactured central heating systems in copper tubing danger of corrosion is practically absent. In the small central heating systems (cottages or houses malokvartirnyh) the oxygen required for corrosion, even in the initial period of operation of partially thermally displaced as a result of degassing of water, and partially consumed in a chemical reaction with copper, resulting in the inner surface of the pipe a thin oxide protective layer . Replenished water supplies so a small amount of oxygen that it can not cause corrosion. In heating of high-rise buildings where water consumption is more significant, the oxygen can cause corrosion. Therefore, it is necessary that the water used for filling the pipeline and fill her loss has been properly prepared. One of the key indicators of water quality of hot water is the oxygen content, which should not exceed 0.1 mg / dm 3. If possible, it is advisable to make the heating system in the form of a closed system, then there is no danger of oxygen supply. In open systems should be used standing (vertical) expansion vessels to the area of ??contact of water with air was as low as possible. Copper pipes run all the known system of pipelines, as low pressure - gravity and high pressure - with a circulation pump. In practice, the gravity system is not made, mainly because of the need to apply them in a much larger diameter pipe than the pumping systems. Consequently, the systems and capacity increases accordingly, making it necessary to use very large expansion vessels with a hydraulic lock. The cost of increased pipeline and devices above the cost of pumping, especially if the pumps are mounted very low power, expended little energy. In pumping systems, piping can be installed almost arbitrarily, that is, vertical twin-or single-pipe systems, with lower and upper wiring. Mechanical properties of copper pipes, and especially their high susceptibility to change shape (bending), making possible their widespread use in panel heating. In residential construction worthy recommendations heating in the floor so-called warm floor. Underfloor heating can be not only electrical but also water. Coolant for heating floors is water temperature of 30-50 ° C. Generator of heat in this case may be, except for low-temperature boilers, heat pumps, solar, geothermal, water, or so-called waste heat, such as by cooling compressors and other technological devices. In the warm floors, use two main system piping: - serpentine system - a system of double worm. In the serpentine system, there is a significant difference between the temperature of heating water in the beginning and end of the coil that makes the difference in heat transfer from the floor. In many cases, this phenomenon is used to increase heat transfer in certain places, for example, the exterior walls of double-worm system guarantees uniform heat transfer over the entire surface, as close to the pipe, the water flow very high temperature, put the pipe with the back water - the lowest temperature. In addition, the system of the worm is easier to perform, as here used almost exclusively by an arc of 90 °, whereas in the coiled system uses an arc 180 °, more complicated to manufacture. In different parts of the large rooms can use a variety of floor heating systems, such as coils, are connected in series or system of double worm with varying distances between the pipes. The main thing is to ensure that the pipelines were laid in the panel heating is strictly for the project. Should also strive to make all the heating coil from one section of pipe. If it is not possible, then plots the coils should be connected by capillary brazing, after a preliminary implementation of the bell at the end of one tube. During the installation of systems in copper pipes should be remembered for compensation of thermal elongation and the correct fix pipes in fixed and movable clamp (CLIPS). After the laying of heating pipes, but before fixing them, the test pipeline leak. High anti-corrosion properties of copper tubes and high quality installation of equipment and pipelines - a guarantee of durability and flawless operation of heating systems and water supply.
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