It is known that the energy consumption for heating in Russia is 5-10 times higher energy consumption in developed countries. The main causes of high energy intensity of Russia are the harsh climatic conditions and high energy loss at all stages of resource allocation. One of the areas of energy saving in heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems and reduce financial costs for buildings are technology-based heat pumps. Heat pumps - a compact, economical and environmentally friendly devices used in heating and air conditioning systems of various objects and can provide heat for heating and hot water from the low-potential sources, such as groundwater and artesian water, lakes, rivers, seas, soil, bowels of the earth etc. In fact, the heat pump is a refrigerator on the contrary, which picks up the heat where it is possible and sends it to the consumer. Using a warm, diffused in the environment (land, water, air), heat pump has a striking efficiency: the cost of 1 kilowatt of electricity to drive the pump to get to 5-6 kW of heat energy. Thus, up to 60% of heating energy can be obtained for free from the environment. Application of heat pumps is a fundamentally new approach to heating a country house. They operate in a fully automatic mode, the service is seasonal and periodic technical inspection of control modes. Application of heat pumps for heating is justified only in well-insulated houses with heat loss of 60 W/m2. The heat from the soil. Heat pumps can be used as a source of heat energy of the soil of your land. "Pickle" (coolant) circulating in horizontal or vertical collectors (polyethylene pipes F 25, 32, 40mm) "picks up" the heat from the ground and transfers it to the heat pump is installed in your home. Further, this heat exchanger is shown in a heat pump and air is passed, which, in turn, distributed system, air enters the room at home or water circulating in the heating system. When using the horizontal external circuit to be placed in the ground (Fig. 1) special soil preparation, fillings, etc. is not required. It is advisable to use the site with moist soil, ideally with similar groundwater, but dry soil is not a significant hindrance to the application of heat pump will only increase the length of the loop heat exchanger. Approximate value of the thermal power per 1 m of the heat exchanger (pipe) is 30 Tues Approximate value of the thermal power per 1 meter length of the heat exchanger (pipe) is 30 Tues Thus, for the installation of heat pump performance, for example, 1 - kW required ground circuit (heat exchanger) with a length of 350-450 m, and for laying such a circuit will require an area of ??about 400 m2. On average, 1 m2 of surface soil can provide 10-35 watts of power. The thermal circuit, consisting of a system of plastic pipes buried in the ground at a depth of 1,5 - 2,5 m, is circulating a non-toxic liquid, "brine" (ethylene glycol solution). Himself is a collector drum heat exchanger, due to which there is a "selection" of heat gained ground. For horizontal piping must take into account many different factors. First, the length of the pipe is limited and can reach a length of one loop is not more than 600 meters, or significantly increase the energy cost of pumping the coolant pump, and secondly, with the horizontal strip at high efficiency (power) of the heat pump during operation, there is a gradual decrease in temperature layer of soil around the pipe and this reduction is stronger, the better the performance of the heat pump. The temperature can drop below zero and the ground dead with. The advantage of the horizontal collector - relatively low costs for its organization of about 900 m. p. for the heat pump capacity of 13 kW. However, for his organization needs a free plot of land of about 4,5 weave, which subsequently can not plant trees. At significant depths of soil freezing, it is desirable to use a vertically arranged heat exchangers, so-called vertical ground probes (Fig. 2). In this case, you must drill a hole depth of 30 - 150 m, depending on the required heating power and features of the site and "delete" in the well loop of plastic pipe - heat exchanger that will be used to circulate "brine" and "take away" the heat from deep wells . At the depth is always the same temperature - about 100C, so the vertical collectors or probes are always more powerful than the horizontal collectors. Meter length of the vertical heat exchanger removes from 30 to 100 watts of thermal power, depending on the soil. For deep wells require casing to protect the collector, whereas in small, its presence is not always necessary. The gap between the walls of wells and sewer pipe is filled with bentonite to improve heat transfer and increase the strength of the probe. Distance between wells 5-7 m. It should also be borne in mind that the balance of selection processes and heat recovery "feeds" the ability of the soil occurs only after 4-5 years of operation. Therefore, the pump in the project should lay more powerful. As for garden plants, when properly calculating circuit has no appreciable effect on the greenery, but the horizontal positioning of the external circuit can cause problems with large green areas. Such a method of heating is the most appropriate and effective. In addition, during the summer, you can use a heat pump to cool the room (air conditioning). In this case, electricity is expended only on the pumping of liquid circulating pump, fan drive heat pump supplying air to the premises of the house, and directly to the compressor. Use as a warm water near the reservoir or the river (Fig. 3) is the ideal option. In this case a heat pump type water-water ". Pumps themselves do not differ from the pumps, working with the "brine". But thanks to the higher coolant temperature in the winter annual efficiency of devices such as "water-water" is the highest. In this case, the plastic pipe with antifreeze - the contour of the heat exchanger is placed at the bottom of the reservoir, of course, with additional weights. The advantages of this method is the relatively short length of the contour, "high" ambient temperature (temperature of water in the pond in the winter is always positive), high efficiency conversion of thermal energy reservoir water heat pump. However, often the size of the reservoir does not allow us to apply this method for heat recovery. In some cases, you should consult the service Gosvodonadzora. In conclusion, we note once more the main advantages of using a heat pump in comparison with traditional methods of heating: - exceptional durability, service life of up to 25 years - no need to purchase, transport and storage of any fuel - the payback period does not exceed 7.6 years - steady work throughout the entire life cycle - fluctuations in temperature and humidity are minimal - absolutely explosion and fire - does not need a special service - operates in automatic mode - you can connect to the Internet and diagnosis at a distance; - takes up little space - is environmentally clean, it does not emit CO2, NO and other emissions - no allergens, harmful emissions into the room, etc. The comparative characteristics of heat pump operation with other heating devices on the example of the cottage area of ??180 m2 in the table. The real life of the heating system heat pump is about 30 years. The service life of the pipeline network, heaters and other heating elements depends on the selected materials and structures.
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