Zoe Dydynskaya Signs of a modern country house - special attention to elements of landscape design. A neat lawn, a beautiful flower garden, neat garden may be the subject of your pride and a source of constant 'white' envy of the neighbors. To keep the trees, flowers and grass in perfect condition, do not forget about the importance of timely and dosed irrigation. Accomplish this task will help automatic watering system, which in Europe is used for more than half a century. In our country where for many decades circulated manual or automatic methods of irrigation, automated systems become every day more and more fans. The modern system of automatic watering can consist of many of its elements (nodes). It is important to understand exactly what you need. The main units of the system are: remote control (controllers), solenoid valves, sprinklers (watering head), meteodatchiki, pipes and electrical cables, gidrorozetki (hydrants), pumping station, storage capacitance. Let's talk more about the main sites of avtopolivom. Remote control (controllers) control panel (CP) - is the brain of the whole system avtopolivom. IP is designed based on the microprocessor, which transmits signals to the solenoid valves off and irrigation system on a certain schedule. The controller controls the valves alternately. At the completion of one irrigation zone valve, it includes the following areas, etc. Remote install indoors or outdoors. To him connect solenoid valves, various sensors and additional control devices. All commercially available control panels can be roughly classified into two types: wired and wireless. Wired controllers are installed permanently near the power supply 220, they pass current to the solenoid valves via remote wired connection. "Manage" stress is considered to be an alternating current at 24 V, which comes from the PU to the valves and adjust them on and off. To control the valves (supply voltage) uses two-wire system, ie, with each valve summing two individual wires, acting as the "phase" and "zero". When power valve opens, turning off back to the closed position. Recently, an opportunity to connect these consoles to personal computers, pairing them with mobile phones and other intelligent devices in the mode of input. Such control panels typically have a number of independent programs that allow (depending on model and price range) to ask three or more modes of operation for each valve. Modern technologies allow to choose for each zone that irrigation, which will be optimal for the normal growth of plants. Expensive models allow you to add IP or disable watering each zone on a calendar day or days of the week. These controllers are programmed early in the season, based on the needs of each irrigation zone (area of ??responsibility of the valve), and during the season, making only minor adjustments by simply pressing a button. For irrigation of large areas, requiring the installation of a large number of solenoid valves are used as professional or dekodernye control panels. Each solenoid valve set module with a personal number, and CP selectively controls the watering. These systems because of their adaptability are quite expensive, but they are fully compatible with personal computers, systems such as home automation, sophisticated weather stations. It is possible to provide complete visualization of irrigation on the monitor. In addition, there is considerable material savings through economies of wires. Dekodernye systems are easy to install and upgrade. Occasionally there are also hybrid models that combine traditional and dekoderny types of control watering. Wireless controllers with autonomous power source installed in small areas, as well as in areas where it is impossible or unprofitable to summing DC power supply. Typically, these IP are designed to control up to four valves, powered by a battery or batteries Krona (9B). There are models with control by radio remote control. So, from a distance of 30 m (sometimes more) we can introduce watering program, enable or disable individual watering zone to block the rain sensor, etc. Such controllers typically have a set of independent programs and watering, which, however, can not fully replace the functions and capabilities of high-grade fixed IP. Along with the obvious convenience in assembling the data from remote there are some disadvantages associated with the fact that they are not integrated into the overall electronic system. By cons include the need to install weather sensors to each individual device, the need for pairing the time of irrigation (the start and duration) of all remote controls to avoid overloading the hydraulic system parts, the need to control battery charging. Solenoid Valves Solenoid Valves are designed for on and off the water supply to the desired area of ??irrigation. These zones are located in accordance with the existing types of plants, their location and maximum quantity of water needed for irrigation. The solenoid valves are installed in special boxes, mounted beneath the earth. They summarize the main and breeders pipe. Open and close valves on the team with the remote control, ie, act as valves, through which the supply of pods at the watering head. On the site, usually set three to several dozen valves. This is due to the fact that the possibility of water source, including Place the pump is limited, because for one-time irrigation area requires a large amount of water. The more water must be submitted - the more the diameter of the pipe and pumping capacity, thus increasing the complexity of installation and reduced system reliability (in the accident will have to disable watering for the entire section, while there are several valves, as a rule only on the branch, where there is visible damage ). Solenoid valves come in several types: standard, superior and professional. They are different possibilities to skip a number of water diameter mounting thread, and other parameters. Standard valves are mainly manufactured with thread diameter 1 inch with a capacity up to 5000 liters per hour. Additional option - the flow regulator to regulate the amount of ooze. Some manufacturers also offer valves with increased capacity (8000 l / h) and 1.5-inch mounting thread. Scope of use of such valves is limited to small and medium-sized plots, greenhouses and conservatories. Maximum working pressure 10.8 bar. Improved. In addition to standard options, options with a built-in filter, and additional mounting options, and so professional. Used for irrigation of large lawns, parks and golf courses. Able to handle the increased loads and pressures to 14 bar. Sprinkler (Sprinkler head) These devices are directly engaged in irrigation, are mounted beneath the earth. When applying pressure in the piping system of them nominated by stocks with nozzles at the end, and begins watering. Height of lift jets - from 5 cm to 30 cm There are two main types of sprinklers: fan and rotary. Fan (static) sprinklers are designed to irrigate small areas and areas with difficult terrain, for watering flower beds and flower beds. The radius of the spray is from 0,5 to 5,5 mm. There are two basic types of "Irrigation": with removable nozzle and with a factory mounted nozzle. Sprinklers with a removable nozzle. Depending on the terrain, forms the site and plant species can be chosen from among the proposed sprinkler manufacturer - from standard to the type of "micro-spray". Often, nozzles and sprinklers from different manufacturers are interchangeable. The proposed height of the retractable rod, usually 10, 15 and 30 cm sprinklers with a greater height of the rod is used for watering flower beds and shrubs. Sprinklers with factory mounted nozzle. This is a cheaper option, in which the nozzle can not be replaced, and so if you change the landscape or the requirements for irrigation will have to replace the watering head entirely. The main difference between rotary sprinkler of fan is the method of spraying. These watering heads have a maximum range of flight of the jet. Inside them is a special mechanism (rotor), which passes through water it turns the top honor of the sliding rod. In the rotating part of equipping the different nozzles, the passage through which water is sprayed as needed - to the desired range and with a given intensity. As a result, land is watered by a slowly-rotating jet. Powerful rotary head, usually used for irrigation of lawn areas with a side of not less than 5 m. This is due to the fact that most manufacturers to produce the rotors is such a minimum distance of spraying. Keep in mind that due to the large water velocity at the exit there is a risk damaging flowers and young seedlings, so the main field of application of such sprinklers - lawn. However, some manufacturers (eg, the American company Hunter) produce sprinklers, the design of which is designed to fit over 20 different nozzles, including a small radius and small-scale spraying, which makes them universal. Separately, dwell on this relatively new method of irrigation of agricultural and ornamental plantings as drip. Automatic or semi-automatic drip irrigation systems are characterized by a constant distribution network under pressure, allows continuous watering or watering at a specified interval. Under drip irrigation is moistened only restrictions needed for irrigation of the soil without runoff or filtering the water in deep soil layers. Soil moisture by capillary or by means of special dosing (intravenous), which may be located both above and below the surface of the soil. Drip irrigation has almost universal application, its use even where other methods of irrigation are impossible or ineffective, such as complex terrain and large deviation plot, with local water sources with a relatively limited amount of water on soils prone to salinity, and so on . The main advantages of drip irrigation: first, increasing the quantity and quality of crops and flowering, and secondly, a minimum of time spent on maintenance of plants, and thirdly, a significant water savings. Sprinkler heads of avtopolivom hidden in the earth and rise to the surface only during irrigation. They do not interfere with mowing the lawn, and you about them never stumble. Pipes lie at a depth of 30-40 cm, so the system avtopolivom not spoil the landscape of your estate. Built-in outlet water (hydrants) allow the use of garden hose for hand watering, connect mini-sink, fill the artificial ponds and fountains. In general, automatic watering system itself will support the ideal conditions for plants and saves you from unnecessary trouble. Other Sites We talked about the important nodes of the system avtopolivom, as a remote control, solenoid valves and sprinklers. But for the functioning of the system requires a number of elements. Meteodatchiki. A variety of sensors connected to the system will automatically block the watering, if held rain or frost came and unlocked with a decrease in humidity or warming. There are varieties meteodatchikov, reacting to strong winds, as well as minimeteostantsii integrating all kinds of sensors. Meteodatchiki and additional control devices are designed for full automation of the system, they are all connected to the control panel. Pipeline. Any system of water supply, including irrigation, consists of backbone and local pipelines. For suburban area is especially important, as a means of supplying water from a common water supply or domestic wells are substantially limited, and the installation at each site deep well pump is not practical. In systems avtopolivom as valves use solenoid valves, which open in turn, different contours of watering. Bulk water plays the role of the supply pipe and the distributing network with solenoid valves delivers water to the final "consumer". In the piping system used pipes of various diameters depending on the amount of water needed to apply for this or that element or device. At sites are medium in size, tend to use the pipe HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) and LDPE (high pressure polyethylene) with a diameter of 20 mm to 50 mm. Thus, the maximum diameter of the pipe is required at the site feed pipe (from a well or tank to the solenoid valves) as well as the initial part of a dilution scheme. Next, use a pipe with smaller diameters, depending on how much water sprinklers should be submitted. Tubes connect with each other by thermal welding or by using compression joints. Electrical cable. His laid in a trench with the main pipeline, it provides a connection to the remote control solenoid valves, united by a comb. The depth of the cable (and pipeline) is 0,3-0,4 m, and due to the fact that the used cable is a low-current (24). Gidrorozetki (hydrants). For the convenience of access to water for gardening purposes and quick connection to the main supply line provides the installation of additional hydrants (gidrorozetok shortcut). Their number and location of the section you define on their own. Each is equipped with gidrorozetka return key to connect to it. Pumping station. With low pressure in the local water system or when used as a source of water of open reservoirs, wells or storage tanks can be set automatically pumping station with the specifications required for the smooth functioning of automatic watering system. Storage tank. With insufficient water in existing water supply system (low performance of the pump or water, a small debit wells, etc.) set the storage tanks. Their volume is calculated according to the daily needs of the system avtopolivom. Design Guidelines In order to implement a system of automatic irrigation on their site, it is necessary from the outset to represent what you want to see from irrigation, which parts you want sprinkle with fan-(static) irrigation, which use rotary or drip irrigation. Take into account all the nuances will help well-designed project. The first thing that you should pay attention to - the correct location of sprinklers, which includes keeping ceilings (range of watering a "sprinkler" should largely overlap with another area of ??irrigation). This is to ensure uniformity of the coating and the distribution of moisture on the surface of the earth. Compliance with this rule at the design stage will avoid the yellow lawn spots, which would be impossible to fight after the operation poorly designed irrigation systems. This nuance is associated with specific sprinklers - the whole range of intensity of the spray coverage area is different - some of the "sprinkler" less in the middle and on the decline of the jet more. Second - is the selection of equipment based on the nature of planting, landscape and other factors. As we mentioned, fan watering is most applicable to irrigate small plots and plots with frequent landings, and rotary sprinklers, irrigation has a large radius, can cover large areas of territory. Third, what you need to know - different types of sprinklers should not be combined into one zone, since they have different technical characteristics (water flow, irrigation intensity, pressure, etc.). Within an area of ??irrigation, experts recommend using one type of equipment.
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