Overlap of summer homes

Vitaly Overlapping Lviv - one of the most important structures in the building. It should have adequate bearing capacity, stiffness, minimum deflection, have sound-proof and heat-shielding properties. Simple design overlap, which makes use of available materials for the builder, allows you to make it on their own with minimal lifting means. Overlap serve to separate the building height to the floors. These structural elements perceived burden of people in the building and equipment, play the role of horizontal diaphragm stiffness to ensure stability of the building as a whole, and also provide heat and sound insulation of buildings. Overlap should have sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand a load of its own weight, and useful (static and dynamic). The value of the payload at 1 m overlap is determined depending on the purpose and nature of its premise equipment. Joists must be tough, ie, under loads not to give deflections in excess of permissible limits of magnitude. Joists must be run from the smallest possible number of standard or standard parts, assembled at the construction site by means of mechanisms with a minimum expenditure of time and manual labor. They should be comfortable in shape and weight for transportation and assembly. In constructing the overlap should provide sufficient degree of sound insulation, the magnitude of which is set rules or special instructions for the design of buildings of a destination. Sound-proofing requirements are determined by the location of floor (attic, intercommunication, nadpodvalnoe) and the functions of shared premises. Overlap should provide sound insulation, both from the impact and airborne noise. Overlap, sharing rooms with different temperatures, such as separating the cold basement on the first floor or the attic from the upper floors must meet the requirements of thermal insulation. Pairing overlaps with outer walls should be designed so as not to create so-called cold bridges through which the heat leakage can occur, causing condensation. According to thermo-isolated regime overlap nadpodvalnye and attic. Material and design overlap should be chosen taking into account the security required in each case the fire resistance of the building. Overlap must have a minimum height, as increase its lead to an increase in volume (cubic capacity) of a building and therefore its cost. Ceiling height is the difference between the watermarks clean floor and ceiling of the underlying floor. And with exposed beams - the bottom of their faces. In some cases, overlapping special requirements. Species overlap on their constructive solution of the carrier floor can be divided into: beam, consisting of the supporting part (beam) and filling (rolling); girderless performed by homogeneous elements (slabs, flooring, decking or panels). In the joists as filling may be used less durable materials than in the supporting part having good insulation properties. In the single-story buildings with ground floors of satisfied only attic floors, in buildings with second floor or loft, as well as the presence of a basement, underground - intercommunication and basement floors. Intercommunication and basement floors have a higher payload than the attic. Mezhdubalochnoe floor is filled envelope (sound or heat insulation) element forms a flat ceiling surface, and sometimes takes the payload from the floor. Filling is usually made multilayered, each layer has its own meaning and is made of suitable materials. The main advantages of concrete floors are their durability, strength and incombustibility. Reinforced concrete floors are monolithic, made at the site, and teams are assembled from elements of factory production. Monolithic reinforced concrete floors are used for construction of unique public and industrial buildings, with a very significant, especially dynamic, loads. Also, in cases where the overlap are the basic elements that provide a common spatial rigidity of the building, and if it has a complex shape in plan, resulting in typical construction of prefabricated slabs can not be applied. In public and residential buildings, large-scale construction is used for load-bearing part superimposed uniform prefabricated concrete slabs and panels. They can be divided into construction, arranged in small-sized and large-size items. The first is used primarily for individual construction and building low-rise buildings, the latter - in a modern industrial-scale construction of multistory buildings. The advantages of large-overlapping (the size of a room) are mainly in small quantity assembly elements and the absence of joints between them, making it easier to finish the ceiling and increases the insulating properties of the overlap. In modern construction practice used several types of concrete slabs, decking, which differ by type (cross secheniyamnogopustotnye, ribbed and solid) and a method of reinforcement (with conventional or prestressed reinforcement). Ribbed floors are made with ribs in one or two directions with a solid plate at the top. This stove works well for bending, but because of the speakers down beams forms a nonplanar ceiling, which limits its use in residential buildings. They are used in attic surfaces. In large-brick buildings and the role of hard drives is overlap in the perception of all of them falling on the vertical and horizontal loads, as well as to ensure unity of effort in the perception of power vertical load-bearing elements of buildings. Therefore, all decking boards are steel anchor links with each other and with the bearing walls. The most common type of overlap in individual buildings - wooden. They are distinguished by low weight, good heat and sound insulation, cost, availability of manufacture. For beams hardwood floors used wood softwood (pine, spruce, fir). In modern construction is rarely used for floor beams balk. The most common girder from the boards. The span of the wooden joists (support distance) - 3,6-4,5 m. spans more than 4,5 m greatly increased consumption of wood, requires cross beams of non-standard sizes. Load on the floor, in particular, residential buildings consist of computational time, ie the mass of furniture, equipment, the premises of the people (for the attic floor - 105 kg / sq.m for a ground and floor - 210 kg / sq m) and calculated constant from its own weight of overlap (with insulation, floor coverings, etc. etc.). Estimated demand from its own weight of overlap depends on its structure and individual buildings can be made 60 kgf / sq. Thus, the total design load on the intercommunication overlap residential estate building is not less than 270 kg / sq.m. This should give special consideration to the mass of constantly installing sanitary facilities (bathrooms, boilers, hot water tanks, etc.). Bearing capacity of structures under them shall be calculated in each case. Estimated demand from the heater is different for the basement and attic floors and depends on the type of insulation, its thickness due to winter outdoor temperature. Therefore, the calculation of the total load on these floors should be made taking into account the mass of concrete material. The distance between the beams, depending on the span, load, type of insulation and type of floor shall be equal to 0,5-1,0 m in the intercommunication and basement floors when the suit directly on the beams of the floor boards 28 mm, the distance between the beams take 0 5 m. At greater distances the floor will be unsteady. In the garret floor, where the load is less than in the intercommunication and ground, the distance between the beams can be increased. Application of lung heaters can reduce the load on the floor and use a smaller beam cross-section. The most common and simplest is the overlap of wooden beams filled with rolling shields. Rolling shields are placed on the cranial bars section 40x40 mm or 50x50 mm, nailed to the bottom of the joists. If you use the light of modern insulation, such as mineral wool and products based on it, you can do instead of rolling billboards binder from the boards on the bottom of the beams. Boards fastened with nails and beaten at an angle. As the reel can also be used fibrolitovye boards, plaster, wooden fittings, and other board materials. Heater which is placed between the beams, must be protected from moisture. To do this, arrange vapor barrier of polyethylene film. In the garret floor it is placed on their shields roll forward under the insulation and the ground - on top of insulation under the floor. If the garret floor boards instead of rolling file is made of planks, then arrange on top of beams running deck, which is transmitted through the live load, and that protects against damage to insulation. If applied to mineral wool insulation, then that it is not displaced, on top of it can be laid mats made of thin wooden strips 15 mm thick of galvanized wire, attaching them to the joists. Open surface Charging heater and insulation of the hard plate materials should be protected by a layer ("crust" of clay, lime or cement mortar).