Tiling work

Dlyaoblitsovki walls and floors in the living room (kitchen, washrooms, dushevyhkabinah and bathrooms) are using tiles of different materials, which not only meet sanitary requirements, noi improve the appearance of a finished surface, perform zaschitnuyufunktsiyu (protect against the ingress room humidity, sound, low temperatures). Experienced master oblitsovschik help you create izoblitsovochnyh real tile carpet tiles, murals and mosaics. Prior to the tile work in the premises must be zakonchenystroitelnye and assembly, installation, pressure testing and oprobovanietrub water and electrical wiring. The air temperature in pomescheniipod finish should be no lower than 8-10 °. The tiles are fixed to the walls and floors with help of cement, mastic or adhesive. The absence in the press information to osoznannootdat preference one way or another firm, reduces the requirements potrebitelyak quality of the goods to the level of quotidian needs: price, size, color (monochrome, mottled, marble, granite, etc., with a picture), the nature of the surface (glazed, textured, matte, sobemnym, convex or recessed pattern), destination (floor, wall). In fact, tile is subdivided into a number of classes in our sootvetstviis undemanding State Standards and criteria UNI CEN (Evropeyskayakomissiya Standardization). Abroad, there is even a spektrperiodicheskih publications devoted solely to tile: Seramic World Review, Global Seramic Review, Ceramic ForumInternational, Azulejos, Bric World Review. They covered problemytehnologicheskih processes, market innovations, the results of tests carried out by various factories in accordance with the standards CEN. WSS review, we are not claiming to be a comprehensive statement of completeness, we shall try to acquaint you with these materials and predstavitmoskovsky market for ceramic tiles. One of the important factors in the present - the degree ekologicheskoychistoty material. And it is not an empty formality. Izgotavlivaetsyaplitka are known from natural ingredients: carefully перемолотойгранулированной clay containing mostly alumina (polevoyshpat and kaolin). It is easy to surmise that the health of the consumer nahoditsyav directly dependent on how free from radioactive contamination itoksicheskih, which are mined clay. Qualitative indicators are also largely depend on the composition ispolzuemoygliny: contained therein silica impairs physical parametrygotovogo products. The production cycle includes two basic stages - forming and obzhig.Sovremenny manufacturing process is carried out on высокотехнологичномоборудовании. Finished products are controlled automatically with pomoschyuoptiki, and all found a marriage on the size, quality of the surface, corners and edges immediately sent for processing. Self-respecting company isvoih buyers indicate the directories specified naborparametrov by which to assess one or other modification of the tiles, imozhno be sure that all marketed tovarsootvetstvuet these parameters. When buying tiles of kachestvennyepokazateli you can check with the seller. Wall-mounted or wall tiles (EN 159) There are at least six classes of the wall, or oblitsovochnoyplitki. Differentiation is carried out based on verification ryadaparametrov. The error deviations for length and width, not prevyshayuschaya0, 5%, matching tiles higher class. By the same class otnositsyaplitka with deviation angles of less than 0,3% of the lines. Linear parametryotvetstvenny for the accuracy of masonry, straightness and ravnomernosttolschiny intertiled seams. A plane surface covered with tiles, largely due to the kachestvomkazhdoy of them. Products that have even a small part vypuklostyusredinnoy or edges to form uneven glossy surface. In addition to linear important role in assessing the quality of the tiles is an indicator such as physical and chemical ustoychivost.So time tile may be deformed, indicating that eenizkom quality. Other undesirable properties of ceramics - sposobnostpogloschat water. The most commonly used tile vpomescheniyah with high humidity, and is that enough aktivnoabsorbiruet moisture, may change its linear dimensions, razrushatsvyazuyuschy material, and then fall out. The standard requires chtobyuvelichenie weight of the test sample at saturation moisture vspetsialnom apparatus does not exceed 1% (good quality - utyazheleniene more than 0,03%). Checked tile and termicheskoevozdeystvie, and the processing of corrosive liquids, such kakgidrohlornaya acid, potassium lye, household chemicals. Ispytaniyaosuschestvlyayutsya for almost a month. No extra condition - the resistance to mechanical shock (CEN-standard, no). Define it with a steel ball (poBritanskomu standard BS1281, Weight - 28.35 g, diameter - 19 mm), kotoryypadaet with different heights (depending on the thickness of the tile: so100-millimeter - to 4-mm ceramic tiles, with a 700-mm - by 10-mm tiles) on the surface. The product is stable, if seven out of ten samples were left intact. The surface of glazed tiles is checked and abrasion abrasive veschestvami.Eto done with rods made of minerals, hardness kotoryhizvestna. In accordance with the scale of Mohs (it includes 10 classes: ottalka to diamond) define the quality of tiles. Minimum requirements for surface stability glazurovannoyplitki - Mohs 5 for matte and other tiles are slightly higher - Mohs6. Tile with index Mohs 8-9 can be considered quite suitable dlyalyubyh walls in the apartment. Floor Tiles (EN 177, 178) Floor tiles, which are subject to considerably more sereznymfizicheskim stress than wall, must have and bolsheyustoychivostyu to prolonged exposure to abrasives (see Standard EN102). For abrasion resistance distinguish several classes of P. In accordance with the E. I.-test. It lies in the processing poverhnostiplitki composition of the metal chips of various sizes, korundovoypudry and distilled water for four minutes at opredelennoyskorosti rotation (300 rpm) than the simulated usilennyyiznos. Tile first class (PEI-1) is designed for the premises free from abrasive dust, where people walk in soft shoes or barefoot (toilet, bath, sauna, etc.). Tile third class (PEI-3) is used for flooring for balconies, staircases and corridors in the hallway, where walking in street shoes. Tile fourth grade (PEI-4) is very stable iprimenyaetsya for flooring in public buildings, supermarkets, hotels, etc., where the abrasive action on them chrezvychaynointensivno. Tile fifth grade (PEI-5), the most stable and can be used in any environment. Kerbs, plinths, friezes, etc. Not too often, but it happens that the perimeter of the surface, pokrytoykafelnoy tile is done with a curved elements - plinths, friezes, borders. All these products are accompanied usually osnovnoyproduktsii - rectangular tiles and sold by the same distributor. Single fired tiles. Pressed glazed tile with a color or light foundation. Suitable for laying floors and wall coverings, both inside and outside the building. Maybe the size of 10x20, 20x20, 30x30, 40x40, 60x60 cm Industry produces single-fired tiles with color (red) or light (from light gray to beige) substrate. Stained zavisitot content of iron in the clay than his more for raw materials, the "red" product. In accordance with the technology, "single fired" tiled syrevuyusmes glaze and fired once. The main advantage takogopodhoda-low price products. Moreover, the quality is not always "naurovne, and here's why. When firing the raw mix are in neychastichki water turns to steam, seeking to escape "at will". Attacks like the surface of the tiles is filled with icing, then the vapor bubbles or "freeze" under her bed a lot of "gnats" or "burst" finish, which leads to the formation of the shiny surface of the tile melkihtreschinok. Single-fired tiles can have both high and very nizkuyuporistost. Low porosity has good frost resistance (so kakmenshe absorbs water) and costs more. When it comes to naruzhnoyoblitsovke building or premises with significant differences in temperature, skimp on frost resistant tiles low porosity should not be. On the inside of the same finish can be saved: for landing ilitualetnoy room freezeproof tile is needed, like a fish - an umbrella. Majolica Extruded Glazed tiles double firing with a color a porous substrate. It is used for lining the interior walls of residential areas with low humidity. Dimensions: most ubiquitous are 15x15, 15x20, 20x20 See also use products of small sizes (10x10 cm) in combination skrupnymi elements. Raw materials for the production of majolica is a mixture of clay, sand, carbonate and iron oxide fractions. The presence in the raw smesiokisi iron gives a pinkish hue on the tiles. Glazurispolzuetsya only opaque color. Majolica is made of technology, providing dvarazdelnyh firing: first fired unglazed tile, then nanee applied glaze and fired a second time. Two-time roasting pozvolyaetizbezhat cracks and Moshawquit "on the surface, resulting in plitkapoluchaetsya smooth, shiny and very decorative. Majolica neprednaznachena for bathrooms, showers and similar facilities makes it possible for that majolica highly porous material, and has bolshoevodopogloschenie - 15-25 percent. Molded earthenware glazed tiles with a white porous base. It is used for laying floors and wall covering the interior of the building. Size is 20x20, 15x20, 30x30 cm, and others. Faience tiles are pressed from the light, do not contain iron, the clay, so the color is just a glossy surface. Kachestvofayansovoy tiles (as well as other ceramics) at 60-70 protsentovzavisit of stability (uniformity) of feedstock. To egovyderzhat, raw ingredients are screened through a series of sieves, otlavlivayuschihkrupnye particles. During the firing temperature in the furnace was increased gradually. This is an important moment.Tak, for example, if you rush too quickly mark 600 degrees, there will be an incomplete burnout of organic impurities in the clay neizbezhnoprisutstvuyuschih. The result may be a defect, called a (black heart). Tiles with the defect nelzyaispolzovat in rooms with a variable temperature-vlazhostnym rezhimom.Ploho deified samples rapidly lose their color, irregular in shape ilegko destroyed. The finished products tested for durability, is subjected to pressure, exceeding the norm (25 kg / square centimeter), check out the look. Napoverhnosti porcelain tiles should not have stains, efflorescence and drugihdefektov. The product must be perfectly flat, nedopustimyvolnistost, thickening of the glaze on the perimeter more than 5 mm, cracks, melting a diameter greater than 1 mm. Paving Tiles Unglazed or glazed single fired tiles with colored base. Suitable for laying floors inside and outside the building, oblitsovkanaruzhnyh walls of residential, public, industrial, and sports facilities. Dimensions: produced a variety of sizes and shapes, the most common - 12h22, 20x20, 30x30 cm, and others. Paving tiles made from a mixture of untreated ottozhennoy glinys addition of coloring oxides, energy plaviteleyi, as a rule, do not glaze. Form of its extrusion or molding. Syrevayasmes fired at temperatures up to 1250 degrees until nachalaostekleneniya. Application of extrusion molding process allows proizvoditplitku complex geometric shapes and different facing elements, caps, corners, steps and that kdalee. Clinker has horoshimiharakteristikami resistance to mechanical stress, abrasion, the action of atmospheric and temperature changes. He did not podverzhendeystviyu aggressive chemicals, easy to clean and unpretentious vekspluatatsii. Cotto Extruded unglazed tiles with a red porous base. It is used for flooring in buildings. Deified tiles can also be used for cladding facades. The most common large size tiles - 25x25, 30x30, 20x40, 40x60 cm, however, with the major elements of the use and malenkie10h10 see Cotto is a ceramic material produced from glinrazlichnyh species. Preformed extruded and dried plitkiobzhigayutsya at temperatures to 1110 degrees. Basis poluchaetsyaporistaya, red with a variety of shades (in the form zavisimostiot clay). The surface of these tiles are generally not glaze. Cotto has a high resistance to abrazivnyhmaterialov, characterized by a high compressive strength, bending strength, the action of aggressive chemicals, and atmospheric phenomena. By formebyvaet square, rectangular, hexagonal and octagonal. Ceramic granite tile from special heavy clays with added minerals. It is used for device surfaces exposed bolshimmehanicheskim loads and requiring high resistance to himicheskimreaktivam and frost. Manufactured sizes 15x15, 20x20, 30x30 cm and other dimensions, thickness from 7,5 to 12 mm. Ceramic granite is made from special, so nazyvaemyhtyazhelyh, clays. Shaping occurs on the presses at a pressure of about 500 kg / sq. cm Then the tile is fired in a kiln at 1250 gradusov.Dlya impart the desired color in the raw mass dobavlyayutspetsialnye mineral pigments. Tiles are uniformly colored by vseytolschine, so over time it almost does not fade. Ceramic granite is very dense and smooth structure chtoobespechivaet its high mechanical strength (on a scale MOHS-8edinits for comparison is the hardest material is diamond has 10 units.) Low water absorption (0,02-0,05 per cent) protects him from razrusheniyapri frosts, as well as sudden temperature changes. Ceramic tile is made of granite with a raised, brushed, polished poverhnostyui usually do not glaze. Relefnayapoverhnost-in tiles, which after firing is not podvergayutsyamehanicheskoy processing. In the production of gas bubbles found in raw weight, rise up and make poverhnostmateriala uneven. This tile is used mainly for oblitsovkifasadov buildings. Polishing enhances the aesthetic value keramicheskogogranita but dnlaet them thinner, which reduces the strength. However, for the interior trim is not a big deal. Smalt tile from jamming tsvetnog glass. Used for finishing underwater swimming pools, as well as for mosaic work. It is made from molten glass. In the process proizvodstvaplitki first mold (sometimes compressed) and then baked. Nekotoryekategorii mosaic tiles are made with the addition of podelochnogokamnya. Smalt different color stability - does not fade and nevygoraet exposed to UV rays. Its coefficient vodopogloscheniyaprakticheski zero, which defines its scope. The results show that smalt chemically stable kvozdeystviyu any hostile environment. Thus, empirically, the fact that while boiling it in hydrochloric acid loss in weight neprevyshaet 1 percent. The color palette of glazes includes hundreds of different colors iottenkov that allows you to receive a panel of high hudozhestvennogokachestva.