The concept of the family nest

Vladimir Mikhailov Continuing the affected us in a previous issue of "Country Review" theme, consider the next stage of construction of individual country house. After a long and troublesome thoughts you have managed to finally choose for themselves a house and a company that will build it. The next stage - the conceptual design of buildings. Conceptual design involves a number of different works, and not the fact that they will perform the same company, which you have entrusted the construction of a family nest. That is, nominally, it will be responsible for the ongoing work, as is likely to act as general contractor. However, the right people in the state of the selected company may not have, and then have to invite them from the side. The first invite representatives of specialized geodetic organization for surveying. To make even a rough draft at home, we must know the geometry and dimensions of land, elevation, steepness, etc. Only by having all these data, the designer can offer sketches of future construction, as conceptual design begins with the measurement site. At the same time, oddly enough, can detect the difference between actual data and indicated the purchase of the site. In recent years, however, for the privatization of the site required for its sale, you want to land survey, in which well-defined size and shape of the plot. But mistakes happen and here, therefore, to avoid unnecessary trouble in the future, it is necessary to fix the results of measurement. These data will appear in the documentation that is submitted to the state bodies of land use, as well as other responsible authority. They also will be based in the calculations of the designers. One result of surveying will be a master plan for your site. Usually it is done in 1:500 scale - one inch on the map corresponds to five meters on the ground. This plan allows you to reflect all the nuances and features of the site, which on a large scale may remain unaccounted for. In this case, we must know that surveying organizations tend to operate on the so-called minimum order. In most cases it is half hectare. Therefore, if your site is a smaller area, will have to pay the same "minimum" because of the specificity of the work: getting the source data, travel expenses, organizational and liquidation activities, etc. In some cases the topographic survey is required in the Baltic system of coordinates, and then another, and coordinate with local government and territorial architecture of the inventory. Usually, however, surveyors used a conditional system of coordinates and heights, and then the cost of the work, respectively, decreases. Most often on the stage of conceptual design of the general characteristics of construction are already known. Selected and wall material and the type of foundation. Although the foundation should not rush until the site has not been studied before niceties. Geology to ecology Further study plot involves "immersion" in depth, namely: a complex of geological research. This too will be engaged in are likely to subcontractors, which specializes in such work and has the appropriate license. For information professionals can spoil the plot: a pair dig pits were drilled several wells. This is necessary to know the characteristics of soils and the depth of groundwater. Soil - a natural base for building, and if reliance fragile ... Well, you know what can happen: at best, will crack the facade, at worst - there is a danger of collapse. Country Houses bombarded rare, but this turn of affairs can not be excluded, especially if you build a house on a hillside, or the so-called quicksand. If you can not move the building site to a safe place, then we must change the type of foundation. And sometimes as a result of studies of soils from a standard strip foundation has to give up and put a heavy monolithic slab of concrete - only it will ensure stability. Otherwise, you risk your health and the health of loved ones. Some corrections made, and other characteristics of the soils. For example, the extent of frost heaving. Soils in our area freeze about the same - to a depth of 1,2-1,5 meters, but the heaving of clay, for example, is significantly higher than the sand. And this should be considered when building the foundation. It happens that the results of geological studies dictate that the data on soil heavy brick building to erect or dangerous, or so expensive that building just foolhardy. Sometimes we choose and the other wall material. When engineering and geological studies have also established the depth of the aquifer at the site. Drilling for this full well not necessarily, especially if the neighbor over the fence per se is already drilled and functions well. Here it is guaranteed that you will score a fountain from the earth, when drillers reach the aquifer. But if you purchased a plot on virgin soil and it is not clear at what depth the water is and whether it is suitable for consumption, the test wells is required. The results of the geotechnical investigations allow the designer to correctly calculate the length of the basement structures, taking into account all the negative factors affecting the construction and subsequent operation of the building. The customer must be convinced that the erection of a selected area for the building will be rigid and deformable, which excluded the crack on the facades, differential settlement, tears of utilities, as well as distortions of window and door openings. Agree that such confidence is a small financial investment. Any costs, of course, be optimized, but in this case does not skimp recommended. Savings on geological survey, which estimated total construction are very small share, could lead to such consequences, which will lead to greater spending. If we talk about the sequence of work, the customer must give geologists a ready topographic site plan with put underground utilities (if, of course, exist), as well as the contours of future construction. Only in the presence of such a plan can be formulated as a technical task. Further, running a complex geological surveys, usually takes one to two weeks. Sometimes you need to state expertise, but most do without her. In addition, in recent years, customers have to request a range of environmental research site. But even in the most "clean" the suburbs have problems with the environment, and hence the desire of potential homeowners to protect themselves in this regard is quite legitimate. Environmentalists are selected samples of soils, carried out the sanitary-chemical and radiological study area (determine the concentration of radon, pH, heavy metals, petroleum products), microbiological and parasitological as well as sanitary-epidemiological expertise. Opinions on all kinds of work are consistent with the authorities Gossanepidemnadzora and conservation. Draft Project Concept stage does not involve detailed design of future homes. The designer should only make an initial sketch of the building. It performs pre-project task, which, in addition to determining the characteristics of the house, also includes a general description of engineering systems and outbuildings: baths, garage, business unit, if necessary - the boiler room. The range of work includes pre-and then, as mentioned above: topographical, geological engineering and environmental study area. After this preliminary project prepared a proposal or draft design - the primary set of documents necessary to pass regulations in matching patterns and obtain the original permits or architectural planning task. Develop a preliminary concept of the building - perhaps the only way to get an idea of ??the projected object and form a clear requirement for further design. This step is especially important during the construction of large houses (usually quite complex in construction and engineering design facilities), because it allows virtually avoid design errors. In the framework of conceptual design are performed: 3D-model (CT) of the object and its surroundings with the ability to display different angles, the binding object to the site, including montage, perspective and axonometric. Drawn up plans, elevations drawn in the axes, are preparing to lay-out, made the cuts of the building. Formulated a proposal for the materials and foundations. Also, the project offered the best options for heating, water supply, sewerage and other utilities for this object. Also in the compulsory made preliminary calculations of heat and power homes as well as construction costs. Based on the concept of the building and precisely formulated terms of reference for the selected option of the project are satisfied in full working out of plans, elevations, sections, etc. It should be borne in mind that only a team of specialists can be trained to ensure that the securities regulatory requirements for Architecture and Urban Planning. Appeal to professionals ensures the creation of a unique object architecture and results in the shortest possible time. At the stage of conceptual design of future home is placed on the master plan and formed its architectural appearance. Of course, subject to numerous restrictions and rules: sanitary, fire, etc. The conceptual design includes a choice of colors facade (possibly in several different ways) and vrisovka future building in the existing landscape. In addition, should be offered pre-design decisions necessary for the immediate documentation. Designers make a sketch of construction, make a feasibility study project, which identifies the main features of the building engineering systems, outbuildings, and also assesses the economic performance of the object.