Hailing from the underground

Tatiana Zelenova Basement - a tempting offer for anyone seriously considering buying or building a country house. Builders and realtors n4eizmenno portrayed him as an architectural dignity of the building. And it's really unique in the characteristics of the room. Ground floors have not been particularly prevalent in the private housing construction in Russia, although the landed homes made caps with large underground facilities. With a rustic version of the construction of the cap analog was Zavalinka, although this parallel can only be visual: In the old days, hut or chopped a log home set on any ground, even without a foundation - under the angles summed oak deck, large rocks or stumps. Summer cottage by the wind howled, prosushivaya bottom planks of so-called "black" sex. By the winter house sprinkled around the perimeter of the land or arranged at a distance of 30-50 cm from the exterior walls of the shaft of the turf height to the second crown. Thus, superficially Zavalinka could well resemble the cap, although the latter are totally different. The word "cap" of Italian origin and means of translating the foot of the building, monument, columns (usually in the form of low, poorly serving a horizontal band just above the ground). Ground Floor - Ground Floor construction, exterior walls are designed like a cap and large cap warrant the entire system of the building. On building regulations, ground called the floor, the floor level is below the mark of the planning of land no more than half the height of the room. In this case, it is considered above-ground floor (and be counted in the number of storeys of the building), if its top floor overlooking the ground more than two meters. To compare the response is worth quoting the basement or cellar. By the same construction standards, this floor, the floor level is below the mark of the planning of land for more than half the height of the room. Although the walls and basement and cellar are formed by constructs the foundation for a strict test of the height of the premises with respect to the surface of the land boundary between them spend quite simple. Thus, the floor is a basement, if the room height 3,2 m above ground has a height of 1,8 m and the part below ground level at a depth of 1.4 m. However, if at the same altitude penetration will not exceed 1,1 m , defined as the ground floor overhead, and if the floor space specified height "leaves" in the land of more than 1,6 m - this is the cellar. The first floor is elevated, the floor of which is not below the level of the planning of land. If some parts of residential buildings have a different number of floors above ground, it is determined by the number of storeys at the highest part. Floors is important primarily because IZHS allowed home for up to two storeys in height (not counting the attic). Returning to the differences in the ground floor of the cellar, we note that the most likely ignorant of the construction of the guest does not distinguish a high standard of the cellar basement, but for the owners of the house is important. In particular, in basements allowed placement of the gas boiler, and have the boiler directly to the house is much easier than in a separate building. Decorating the house is a ground floor allows you to diversify the architecture of the building that is significant for those who strive for individuality, eccentricity, built housing. It may exceed the main building area, or be lower. All the options carefully designed by architects, so as not to disturb the harmony and the house did not like the hut on chicken legs or, alternatively, the main building did not look as ridiculous add a massive bunker. If the area of ??ground floor area greater than the first and second, that, as a rule, his ceiling is operated by a flat roof. Such a surface can be the basis for a terrace or a balcony around the perimeter of the building. The significance of the terraces for a country house says a lot - their relevance is increasing in parallel with the desire to live permanently in the country. On the terrace, you can arrange recreation area, which will include a mini-gardens (the analog of the "green roof") or a tiny private "beaches" where, in addition to sun beds can be installed even swimming pools Spa (in this case, the overlap of the basement doing particularly strong), not to mention the location on the terraces of tea over. If the terrace is open, without shelter, the roof waterproofing the basement should be done with utmost care and shelter eliminates this need. If the area of ??ground floor area is less than the main building, it also provides space for custom architectural solutions. The resulting "non-identity" seeks to highlight and beat, and here an infinite number of ways. Most of the stops on a variant of "sameness" of all floors of the house on the plan. In this case, the ground floor gives a visual massiveness, achieving a sense that he seemed to be rising from the earth. For centuries, we verified that this option is perceived as more reliable and thorough that most closely matches the definition of the cap as a pedestal. To achieve this effect is of great importance finishing basement walls from the outside. At the same significance as the material gain from their various textures and color finishes. The most popular imitation of a particular type of masonry. Used for this purpose both natural and artificial stone, as well as suitable for that purpose building ceramics and porcelain. In addition, the common ground siding and a variety of decorative plaster. By choosing to finish the basement should be treated no less carefully than for its architecture, otherwise you can spoil everything, and the remake - it's extra money, time and nerves. Someone without a basement can not do? "Testimony" to the erection of a basement is often the site relief. For example, on a slope, especially on steep, the ground floor is often almost the only way out. It allows multi-use relief as efficiently as possible. This preserves the aesthetic - one of the primary factors in the architecture. When the house with a ground floor "inscribed" into a slope, part of this floor is almost entirely above ground, fully illuminated by the sun. Sometimes it is the lack of insolation limits the list of facilities that can be placed in the basement, and in this case are satisfied with the entrance area, dining room or living room. Ground floor is good, and where an elementary little space and building up one reason or another can not. Limitation for its construction could be the level of standing water table. In this case, the unit complex drainage system, possibly with the use of pumps as well as providing good waterproofing. All this greatly affects the cost of construction, and operation of the building. Role-playing functions in the basement a few. In the Scandinavian countries, in particular in Norway, recently home from the underground floors become extremely popular, and hold them, despite the weak illumination, bedrooms, bathrooms, saunas, cabinets, children, etc., and the first floor does function of the public area - it hosts the kitchen and living room, usually in the same spatial resolution without walls. Speaking of light: the market of light sources now evolves so strongly that any room can be lit in the desired mode. For example, the ground floor could put in his bowels even tropical greenhouse with a pond. In this case, saving money for the construction of freestanding translucent design, reduces the cost of maintaining a high temperature. Natural light plants can be provided if basement area greater than the basic construction, and its ceiling over the winter garden is made by analogy with the construction of the roofs of these greenhouses. But, as already mentioned, you can do, and artificial lighting. Dominate the light sources at the same time be compact fluorescent lamps with low energy consumption giving a powerful light beam. And the optimum range of LEDs will help to ensure that in the greenhouses just "take root". Scandinavian experience in residential accommodation in the basement would be nice to learn from and to our fellow countrymen, accustomed to perceiving the space as a utility room, where, in addition to boiler rooms, in their place are laundry room, bathrooms, pantries (the size of the boiler room for a cottage about 100 square meters. M is about 3,4-3,9 sq. m, the remaining space could be taken under other objectives). The minimum height of the "working" floor must be 2.1 meters. At one time was widely distributed arrangement in the basement garage, but recent data suggest neekologichnosti this option, and he is increasingly reluctant to take. In addition, often placing the garage in the basement entails construction of a ramp, which "eats" a good chunk of local area. Now increasingly in the basement room settles for recreation: pools, recreation rooms, gyms, pool, home theater systems. When the content of the basement is not as technical as well as "entertainment" he has almost as heated dwelling. However, the descent into the cold unheated laundry room or bathroom - very mediocre pleasure. Another thing is that to maintain zero temperature can be different - hence the different costs of those who care about health, set in the basements as saunas, steam cabins, a hammam. Tools even portable salt caves - they very effectively addressed joint problems, lung diseases and other diseases (the list of indications is enormous). Pomyvochnye room in the basement is completely organically, and primarily because they are not by definition in need of natural light. Arrangement of saunas, swimming pools and even toilets in the basement, requires mechanical ventilation. Schedule a basement or restrict cellar - everyone decides for himself. If the principle of "Architecture - an opportunity to idealize reality", the basement is just such an idealization, and the arguments of the pragmatists, in particular their reminder of the high prices are no longer significant.