Types of road surfaces

The surface of driveways shall have a special coating, which facilitates the movement of vehicles. Pavement shall be sufficiently strong, durable, waterproof, it should ensure adhesion to the road surface, ie be rough. Go to the pavement are presented, in addition, the requirements of industrialization and mechanization of production operations, sanitary requirements of operation and cleaning (dust-free, quiet in traffic, the possibility of mechanized harvesting). In neighborhoods and districts use the following scheme for the construction of road pavement roadway: asphalt, crushed stone and gravel processed binders; teams of cement-concrete slabs. Pavements used two types: asphalt and teams from the cement-concrete slabs. Requirements for the pavements are presented almost the same as for a journey: a sufficient strength, durability, dust-free while walking, economy, mechanization of production and operation, as well as contemporary design. Coverage of residential areas neighborhood can be tough (the cast and sand asphalt, tile) and nonrigid (of gravel aggregate, sand, compacted soil, lawns). When choosing the type of coverage is necessary to consider his appointment, economic viability, the possibility of industry, and the choice of structure - properties of the soil. The most common type of coverage, until recently regarded as asphalt. Recently, however, more progressive and economical views are prefabricated coverings. They are the most industrial, decorative, meet the requirements of landscape design in terms of diversity of sizes, shapes, textures, colors, if necessary, repair them can be disassembled without damage and reused. But the use of any type of tile should be objectively justified. Trails and grounds with a hard coating line the curbs. The width of all tracks must be divisible by 75 cm only exceptions are the tracks with a tiled floor, for their width must be divisible by the width of the tiles used. The width of roads and trails throughout must be constant. Extensions are only allowed in places of installation of garden benches. The recommended standards of the balance of land for residential areas streets, roads, driveways, parking areas and hard court to hold first 15 ... 16% of the total territory, and for the future - 18 ... 20%. In a residential area streets and parking lots with a hard coating occupy 13% of its territory, with 2-storey building to 17,3% - with 16 storeys. In the neighborhood driveways, entrances to houses, shopping areas, public parking lots in residential homes with a hard coating occupy 22% at 2-storey building and 12% - at 16 storeys. Hard cover, called the paving is needed in any garden. Shape, location, bends the tracks is determined by the style and character of the landscape project of your estate. In addition, of course, paths, roads, footpaths - an important functional element of improvement. It is very important to choose the right coverage - it should be functional, beautiful, organically fit into the overall landscape, and that is important to have a reasonable cost. Consider briefly the main types of road surfaces. The most common and popular in modern estates is a coating of concrete paving slabs. At the present time is a huge amount of concrete paving slabs of different sizes and colors. There are a number of typical forms of tiles, such as "Wave", "clover", paving, hexagon, honeycomb, "" coil "," dumbbell, "" hammer "," puzzle "," tomogavk "," Fleece "" Scale "," eco "," maple leaf "," sheaf "," Brooke "," Corner "," Fish "," zigzag ", a simple square tiles of various sizes. In addition, the tile is different in shape, its surface may have different reliefs and different colors. The most common tile gray and pink (red) color, but now we can offer tiles of green, blue, yellow, brown and other colors. Laying tile can be a variety of ways ("bind") - "Christmas tree", "ladder," etc. You can lay tile "vrazbezhku, filling the space between plitochki lawn grass or loose materials - gravel, grit, sand. Options set, and be sure to find one that is right for your estate. Paving tiles and has a fairly good performance properties. It is durable, strong, hardy, suitable for both road entrances, and for walkways, although it is very important to comply with certain technology in the tiling, so that it will withstand the required load, the coating was smooth, it is not formed puddles and cracks. According to the method of production is divided into tiles and vibrocasting vibropressed. Vibrocasting tile is thinner and stronger, and looks more attractive, but it is expensive vibropressed about 1,5 times. Responsible for covering - front doors, porches cars more suitable vibrocasting for walkways can be used vibropressed tile. It is important to prepare the ground under the pavement. Recommended tile, and any other road surface, laid on a reinforced concrete foundation with a minimum thickness of 10-15 cm, under which there is a sand-gravel cushion. This is especially important for the entrance and parking cars. Of course, the specific form of the base, its thickness will determine the designer depending on the requirements for coverage, drainage and soil type on which it falls. To create the impression of rigor and order in the gardens with classic style and regular along the tracks can install garden border, which is not only emphasize the stylish scenery, but also protect the track from the water and dirt from the adjacent lawn. Sidewalk tiles can be not only concrete but also ceramic. The only important thing, buying ceramic tile, make sure it is frost. If the track is planned to operate during the winter, the surface of ceramic tile needs to be rough, otherwise it will be very slippery. Ceramic tiles can mimic natural stone, the so-called "ceramic granite, or to be glazed in various colors, which when placed correctly, can make your tracks, and, especially, playgrounds, patios, very original. The most durable and beautiful at the same time, undoubtedly, is a coating of natural stone. Of course, such coverage and the most expensive. There are a myriad of types of natural stone. The first regular division - this is the origin of the material. The most widespread coverage of granite, labrodorita, gabbro, basalt (hard rock), marble, limestone, sandstone (soft rock) and other rocks. Further, the coating may vary in form of separate elements. Emanates from the olden cobblestone street, lane or court, paved with natural stone tiles, looks very respectable and dignified. Most suitable in terms of price and quality and style for suburban areas, in our opinion, is the limestone that is a flat stone with a relatively smooth surface. Slabs of natural stone can be processed differently, have different surface texture that allows you to select the right coverage and for the tracks, and for the patio, and otmostok, steps and other areas of your estate. Currently the market is a natural stone with the texture of "The Rock" or "rubble", sawn, sanded, polished, buchardovanny, heat-treated stone. With the properties of each specific material can be found in catalogs. Any stone can be sawed on the tile as a standard size (typically, 30 or 30 * 40 * 40 cm), and in your size, including in the form of slabs, ie slabs of large size. An alternative to plain concrete cover, on the one hand, the paving slabs on the other hand, and, even, to some extent, natural stone, is becoming particularly popular in recent years, decorative concrete. Modern additions to the concrete, the so-called fiber, various plasticizers, specially designed device coating technology makes it resistant to cracking when exposed to such large temperature differences, which are characteristic of the middle band, and offer almost unlimited possibilities to make this concrete form of various natural stone materials. Specially prepared concrete mixture is poured on site, and then applied to the surface of dry color pigment and hardener, and imprinted a special form of the texture, giving the surface an attractive and unique look. You can give the kind of coverage cobblestone, brick, slate, tile or stone - there are 300 forms of surface texture of concrete, stain it in almost any color - up to 20 primary colors of pigments can create a variety of shades. Color hardeners used in the device coatings of printed concrete, UV resistant, and provide a surface for superior strength and durability of ordinary concrete surfaces and even the paving slabs. Among other things, decorative concrete has another important advantage - it is much cheaper than natural stone paving, not much inferior to them for strength and decoration. Another feature of the decorative concrete is that it can not just lay on the ground, but its use as a cladding material for the plinth of the building, which creates additional opportunities for the decoration of the estate. Strength and a decorative coating allows you to use it for walkways, various playgrounds, patios, and entrance road and parking of vehicles. Of course there are drawbacks - decorative concrete is 2-3 times more expensive than conventional concrete paving and maintenance-free - almost every surface is needed to handle water-repellent solutions. And, of course, work on the device coatings decorative concrete should perform only specialized organization, the violation of stacking technology would nullify all the advantages of this material. The most simple device, and affordable, and in some cases, the cheapest cover - it's free-flowing materials, the so-called "dumping." Enough to prepare a sand base, evenly sprinkle the selected material compacted surface - and the track is ready. Range of materials from which we can make this track is very wide. This is the same sand, and a variety of chips - brick, granite, marble, gravel, crushed stone of various fractions (it can also be lime, granite), shingles, as well as natural materials such as shredded bark or coarse sawdust. Using bulk materials of different colors and fractions can choose the right coverage for any style of garden, especially for gardens, made in "cottage" style, as well as oriental gardens, for which the pebbles, gravel, stone chips - a welcome guest. Loose materials can be combined among themselves and with the paving tiles and natural or artificial stone. Look very impressive track laid on the principle "from hummock to hummock, where boulders, flat with at least one side, or concrete or stone tiles, stacked so that each step could be to step on a stone, and between them the land is covered with fine gravel or crushed. Crumb is also used in the device tracks "vrazbezhku" as an alternative to lawn grass. With the right device, paving of the bulk materials are strong enough, and it is possible to travel by car (except for the coating of gravel and pebbles, which can not be well compacted, these coatings often used as decorative). In addition to the above-described common road surfaces can be offered and other materials. Primarily this is a common timber. This and various bridges of boards, especially natural-looking next to ponds, streams or in combination with water thrown across bridges, and old cut tree, cut perpendicularly to the trunk on the narrow circular sawn. You can use the old wooden sleepers - they are impregnated, and will be a long time to serve you. Very unusual decorative coating may be, at first glance, the not very suitable material - glass beads, metal, sheet, or just plain old iron washers. It is important to only think about how functional or that coverage may have some of the beautiful but fragile coatings used for sites where rare or go to fill the interior of the flower beds. Well, if all the varieties of stone and concrete you thoroughly bored, go back to the lawn. Many designers have long thought about how to make the lawn not only an object of admiration, but also quite functional coating. Solution was extremely simple. Plastic lawn green grid, in cells that germinated lawn grass, almost looks like an ordinary lawn, but it can not only walk, but to travel by car, arrange parking for cars. In addition to plastic, under the parking lots or entrances of cars used concrete lawn grid. It certainly does not look like a solid green lawn, but still not as solid concrete. A special coating is applied to sports and playgrounds. This special coating made of durable watertight plastic, rubber compounds. So, we hope that you have seen how diverse opportunities to build "garden of the skeleton" - tracks, trails, playgrounds and roads.