The choice of boiler

Over the past few years in Russia, especially in the Moscow region, the significant growth of private housing construction. As a rule, modern apartment house is a capital structure with a permanent human habitation, which has several floors, including basement, with plenty of raznofunktsionalnyh premises. Construction of this house, of course, is accompanied by increased requirements of the customer to the comfort of staying in it. In addition to traditional engineering systems (heating and hot water), the house is often provided other teplopotreblyayuschie system: heated floors in some rooms, swimming pool, forced ventilation, air conditioning. The Russian market is very quick to respond to increased demand for modern equipment for such systems, and including, the heat generator. Currently, many foreign firms are offering certified in Russia, boiler equipment, wherein both the cost and their technical capabilities. Unfortunately, the domestic industry can not yet meet the increased demand for such equipment and to offer Russian consumers high quality and versatile heat generating equipment for household use. The following analysis of the main criteria for selection of boiler equipment for individual residential buildings designed primarily for the designer of engineering systems at home. So as soon as he can competently take into account when designing all customer requirements for thermal comfort in his house, to evaluate performance of various teplopotreblyayuschih systems, propose and compare different versions of engineering solutions heat the building. First of all, we should analyze the cost criterion, the more that the difference in price for similar on the main technical characteristics of equipment can be substantial. As for any imported equipment, the lowest prices on thermal generators from the southern countries of Western Europe (Italy, Spain, Yugoslavia, Greece), former socialist countries (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary) and Asia (South Korea, Syria). This category can be attributed, and equipment from the U.S., which is one of the first appeared in the Russian market, but has not received further dissemination. Substantial increase in prices is observed with distance-producing country in northern Europe (Austria, Switzerland, Holland, Germany, Sweden, Finland). Given the purpose of consideration of equipment, most likely it is justified, as in the more severe climate requirements for its quality and reliability increases, and therefore increases the price. In the equipment of these countries to experience its many years of service in the climatic and technical, often differing from the ideal, the conditions of Central Russia is much less failures. It is better adapted, for example, possible disruptions in the supply of energy to it. Many Western firms have long employed in the Russian market and interested in it, specifically dealing with issues related to such adaptation. In deciding on the choice of boiler, especially in a complex with a large number of diverse consumers of heat heating scheme, you must remember to ensure its reliable operation in harsher conditions in Russia. Savings in capital costs in this case could eventually lead to greater operating costs and consequences for the customer in the best case, the high cost of equipment, at worst - the need for additional cost for the refurbishment of engineering systems, and sometimes the building itself. And, after all, the main criteria for selecting heating equipment should recognize its technical and cost indicators are not as skilled a choice of engineering solutions may result, inter alia, to reduce capital and operating costs on a system of autonomous heating homes. Design features of boiler are determined, above all, kind of fuel used in it. The most available and cheapest at the present time, is natural gas. Gas boilers are equipped with a built-in atmospheric burner (air intake for combustion gas by natural draft in the chimney), or remote burner (forced creation of the gas-air mixture). The difference in the design of the boiler when it is essential that due to the technological principles of the device the combustion chamber. It should be noted that almost all imported boilers are designed for a rated pressure of the gas in a network connected to them at least 20-25 Mbar, which almost never happens in our gas networks of low pressure. Experience has shown that boilers with atmospheric burner is quite stable work when the pressure drops to 12-14 mbar, but with a natural loss of computational power. If the gas pressure in the network is much below par, it is recommended to use boilers with external burner. Fundamentally different heat generators with a capacity to heat the water-steel or recruited from the individual, as a rule, cast iron sections. The latter are more corrosion-resistant, which is important as water quality, which are filled with engineering systems at home, often far from ideal. Sectional boilers, which can be supplied to the object in parts, suitable for installation in confined construction sites. Another advantage of - the possibility of rapid emergency replacement during the operation was published for any reason, fails section. Steel pot in this case will have to change entirely. Domestic boilers are usually installed directly on the floor boiler room or a small, up to 200 mm in the foundation. A special group should be allocated wall-hung gas boilers, or so-called Blocks, which are very widespread in the West. They offer almost all the firms producing and supplying the Russian market boilers. Wall heat generator has many advantages. It is compact, easy to install and use, versatile in the choice of its location in the house. The boiler has been built into it the necessary equipment: pump, diaphragm expansion tank, air vent, safety and stop valves. A certain type of boiler eliminates the traditional chimney and venting through the outside wall with the help of a specially designed "pipe in pipe". Wall-hung boilers are available in two types: single-circuit and the bypass. Recent exercise as a function of both heating and hot water, but their application on the recommendation of manufacturers is limited to two points parsing of hot water. In the Russian context, where the consumer, unlike the west side, yet has no economic incentive to spend efficiently water is recommended to use single-loop copper in conjunction with the wall or floor of the cylinder. However, in relation to climatic conditions in Russia, these boilers have a significant disadvantage - the low computational power equal to or less than 30 kW. This currently limits their use in the reconstructed apartments in old urban areas, in small, often supporting, buildings (garage, sauna, home security) for suburban housing development. If we compare the cardinality opportunities and cost of such equipment, it can recognize the future of the boiler, the boiler for the so-called middle class population, which in Russia only still in its infancy. In the absence of gas next in importance is the more expensive diesel fuel. Its use for boiler significantly increases the cost of the boiler due to the appearance in its scheme of additional equipment (fuel tanks, fuel supply system, the stabilizer rod), as well as operational cost of the generator of heat generated. But the choice for high-heat boiler oil burner with a reliable and versatile automation costs can be reduced to an optimal minimum. Here, as for gas heat, a lot depends on competent adjustment of the burner, boiler control and professionalism of the organization performing his mandatory permanent maintenance. Typically, the construction of this boiler is universal and the transition to the use therein of natural gas is simple and quick replacement of remote diesel burners on the gas with its subsequent adjustment. The boiler continues to work with the same automatic and any alterations to the boiler heating circuit is not required. Several countries (Germany, Switzerland, Finland) offer in our market and multi-fuel burners operating on two fuels, in which the transition to other fuels is as simple as turning the faucet. But such a burner are quite complicated in the device and the adjustment and, consequently, more expensive and its cost, and operation. Electric heat generators are not widely used in Russia, mainly because of high tariff the cost of electricity when it is used for heating needs, but also because of the often limited by restrictions on the estimated electric power released by individual developers. Such boilers with a capacity of up to 20 kW are mostly used for heating and hot water supply to houses or ancillary buildings with a small area. Experience in operating boilers shows that even when choosing an expensive boiler should strive to its maximum design simplicity that is key to its reliability. Absolutely justified are not widely used in Russia offered by some firms combined boilers, construction of which allows the use of his work several, sometimes up to 4, fuels (natural gas, diesel fuel, electricity, wood or coal). The presence of an additional built-in boiler equipment not directly related to the operation of the boiler (circulating pump, expansion tank, heater, hot water, safety and other accessories), somewhat simplify and speed up installation of the boiler room. But this, again, reduced the reliability of boiler, further complicate its operation, and maintenance and repair of the above equipment, which is better at designing endure beyond the boiler. What should not be discarded, since it is the presence in the construction of the boiler burner features smoothly or stepwise change its power depending on the constantly changing teplopotrebnosti any attached systems. This would greatly enhance the stability of the boiler equipment during operation. Special mention should be about choosing a heater for hot water systems. For these purposes, an individual residential building is most suitable not speed, the more embedded into the pot, and stand-alone cylinder. Its size is determined by the designer, based on the estimated number of simultaneous points of water pumping and agreed with the client alleged individual characteristics of water consumption in his home. Correct and precise definition of rated capacity boiler not only saves money by the customer, but also largely determines the stability of the boilers in operation, as well as its longevity. Unfortunately, it must be said that many firms continue to sell boilers vicious practice of selection of boiler equipment for their clients without proper in this case, project support, and calculating the required capacity in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements in Russia. Such an absolutely amateurish approach to this important issue more often expressed in the definition of capacity for the area heated home without thermal properties of its external walling and functional features of other possible teplopotreblyayuschih systems. Selectable power boiler consists of the design power systems teplopotreblyayuschih house. Heating power is determined by calculating the heat loss at home at the design outdoor air temperature in the construction area (the average temperature of the coldest five-day week with security 0.92) and the estimated or agreed with the customer, internal air temperatures in different rooms. It identifies the exact values ??of heat transfer coefficients of all external walling of the building in accordance with their design and heat engineering parameters used building materials. Choosing a power system "warm floor" depends on its functional purpose. If the system is designed for full or partial compensation of heat losses at home, then its capacity has already been included in previous calculations. Often, however, this system is used as an additional thermal comfort in separate rooms (bathroom, swimming pool, sauna, winter garden, etc.). In this case requires the definition of additional power, depending on the design temperature at the surface of the floor and the indoor air in the room with a view of the heated area. If the home system is provided ventilation or air conditioning system using water heaters, their rated power is determined with the same design temperature and outdoor air adopted in the draft of these systems supply air temperature for a calculation of air exchange in ventilated rooms. Required power system heat the pool is calculated based on the level of its bath, the possible heat loss through its construction and the water surface, as well as the required length of initial and ongoing warm-up pool. Separately should specify the choice of power boiler aligning it with teplopotrebnostyu hot water system. This is due to the fact that the chosen design automation of the boiler may be able to include the priority of the heater system. In this work the heating during this period are suspended. In this case, we can obtain significant savings by reducing the computational power boiler on the value of the required power hot water system. But such a decision only after careful analysis of the possible consequences of stopping the heating system, conducted by the designer according to its estimated duration and teploinertsionnyh characteristics of building constructions. As a result of such analysis can reveal the possibility of partial registration required teplopotrebnosti hot water system in determining the capacity of the generator of heat. As noted above, the final choice of the computational power of a gas boiler to enter a Step-factor that takes into account the actual pressure in the gas network at home. The value of this ratio should be determined by the designer on the basis of the official conditions of accession to the outside network, gas supply issued to the customer organization. Feature of all imports of heat generators is that they are equipped with their own automation tools that provide management and process management function not only of the boiler, but all connected to it teplopotreblyayuschih systems. And they, in turn, differ in both thermal and hydraulic parameters of work and time and duration of action. Heating and ventilation system or air conditioning systems consume only warm in the cold and transitional periods of the year. Change teplopodachi them by changing the temperature of the water from the boiler specified by its control block schedule of quality control according to the current outdoor temperature. In a simpler version teplopodachi change in the heating system by means of temperature control internal air installed in the control room at home. System "warm floor" is calculated with the lower than the heating and ventilation system, temperature parameters of water and has a boiler room scheme, an independent site management and governance. It acts as a rule, all year round and, depending on destination, has a variable or constant mode.